Spilyav Tymoo
Warm Springs, Okkgon
September 8, 1989 PAGE 7
Listening to troubled friends is often helpful
It doesn't take years of educa
lion or a framed certificate on the
wall to help someone who is
troubled. You can help a distressed
friend or acquaintance by simply
talking and listening.
People are often capable of solv
ing their own problems if they arc
able to talk it out with a counselor
or good listener. Friends can also
serve that need by listening, talking
very little and making few or no
suggestions. Just paraphrase, clar
ify or ask for elaboration of what
the person said.
Persons in difficulty are much
more motivated to solve their prob
lems if they come up with the solu
tions themselves rather than if some-
Recipe offers a
nutritious muffin
Buckwheat Huckleberry
Muffins
2 cups wholewheat flour
3 cups buckwheat flour
3 Tbsp. baking powder
1 cup date sugar
3 eggs
2',4 cups milk
lA cup peanut oil
1 '$ tsp. nutmeg
1 tsp. all spice
1 tsp. cinnamon
2 cups huckleberries
Mix all dry ingredients in a mix
ing bowl. Combine all liquid
ingredients in a bowl. Stir liquids
into dry ingredients and stir well.
Gently fold in huckleberries. Pour
into greeased or lined muffin pans
and put into oven and bake at 400
degrees for 10 to 15 minutes.
one else suggests a strategy. To
help a friend:
Be sensitive and trustworthy.
Be accepting and caring. Even
if the person acts against your
values, accept the behavior with
out being judgmental. Remain
objective and neutral.
Try to develop a deep under
standing of the other person's situation.
Be patient while the person
works toward the core of the stress.
Talk where it is quiet, private,
comfortable and free of interrup
tions. if the issues arc complex and a
clear solution seems too difficult,
advise your friend to seek profes
sional help. Self-destructive behav
ior such as alcohol uHikc violent
Individualize hand-me-downs
Taking a little time to individual
ize hand-me-down clothes can mean
financial savings for you and greater
pleasure for your chidlrcn.
Individualizing hand-me-downs
is becoming more attractive as the
cost of outfitting a family con
tinues to rise. Except for togs worn
for rough and tumble play, most
children's clothing is outgrown be
fore showing much sign of wear.
Many items are in good enough
condition to become hand-me-downs
for younger children or to
be bargains in resale shops.
After you make basic repairs,
examine garments to see how you
can individualize tor tneir new
owner by adding trims, appliques,
fancy stitching or buttons. Look in
catalogs, magazines and children's
clothing stores. Other ideas may
strike you after a visit to a fabric
stores' notions department.
Consider personalizing a T-shirt
or dress by embroidering a child's
initials on it, adding a decorative
pocket, sewing buttons along a side
seam of a skirt, dress or pants, or
sewing buttons on the shoulder
scam of a shirt or blouse.
Appliques here, there and every
where are fun and in style. They arc
especially popular for covering
worn spots on jeans, w hich, when
outgrown by one child, can still
give more wear for another young
ster. Ribbons, fringes, braids, and
ric-a-rac offer many possibilities
and fit in with today's popular
looks.
As you plan changes, think
"washability". Washability is always
important, especially for children's
clothing. When redoing a garment,
make sure the new fabric and any
accessories are compatible with the
original material, such as being
washable and color fast. Since
hand-me-downs usually have been
washed, it is a good idea to wash
any new fabric before adding it.
Proper laundering also helps keep
garments in good condition so that
they successfully can be passed on
to other youngsters. Wash clothes
before they become heavily soiled.
Pretest stains and spots before
laundering. Repair split scams and
tears promptly.
outbursts or severe depression indi
cate the need for professional
qualified help.
A good friend is someone who
won't give answers, but will help
guide a stressed person to his or her
own answer and recommend addi
tional help when it seems necessary.
Discipline needed
Good discipline includes creat
ing an atmosphere of quiet firm
ness, clarity and conscientiousness,
while using reasoning. Bad disci
pline involves punishment which is
unduly harsh and inappropriate
and is often associated with verbal
ridicule and attacks on the child's
integrity.
One of the most impoitant goals
we strive for as parents, educators,
and mental health professionals is
to help children develop respect for
themselves and others. While arriv
ing at this goal takes years of
patient practice, it is a vital process
in which parents, teachers and all
caring adults can play a crucial and
exciting role. In order to accomp
lish this, we must see children as
worthy human beings and be sin
cere in dealing with them.
Information on this page provided by the
by the Warm Springs Office
of the Oregon State University
Extension Service
Phone: 553-1161, ext. 238 or 239
Winter crops save soils
Winter cox i r crops aren't v it a I to
maintaining garden soil through
the winter, but they do help.
C'oxer crops reduce compaction
of garden soil from winter rains,
and they add organic matter when
plowed under in the spring, improv
ing soil tilth and porosity.
There are many cover crop types
to choose from. Austiran field
peas, also known as winter peas,
are widely used. Annual rye is
another variety.
Don't confuse annual rye with
annual ryegrass. Annual ryegrass
can be used as a cover crop, but it
may be dif f icult to get rid of in the
sprinu.
Oats and winter barley may also
be used for a cover crop. Plant one
fourth pound of seed per 100 square
feet.
Turnips arc another good cover
crop. Simply broadcast the seed
oxer the garden. There is no need
to plant it beneath the soil surface.
And if turnips arc a table favorite,
harvest as many a you want and
plow the remainder under next
spring.
Cover crops grow best if the
plant remains from this year's garden
are plowed under or removed.
However, grass seeds may be scat
tered over the partially harvested
garden and produce a cover crop
without working the soil.
Difficult stains can be removed
Helpful homemaker hints offered
Q: I wash my clothes in cold water
to save energy, but the detergent
doesn't always dissolve and some
times the clothes do not get clean.
What do you suggest?
A: Cold water washes are energy
efficient, but detergents become
less effective as water temperature
decreases. In fact, below about 60
degrees F, detergents become com
pletely ineffective. Also, the colder
the water, the slower granular
detergents dissolve, which reduces
cleaning ability.
Detergents clean better in hotter
water because chemical action
increases with heat. A hot water
wash is recommended for most
white clothes and heavily soiled
colored clothes. A warm water
wash is the best choice for most
other clothes. A cold water wash is
recommended only for very lightly
soiled or brightly colored clothes.
When using a cold water wash,
either a liquid detergent or predis
solved granular detergent should
be used to avoid the problem of
undissolved detergent.
Q: What causes rust spots on some
of my stainless steel flatware washed
in the dishwasher?
A: When stainless steel is made, a
protective oxide film forms on the
surface that makes it "stainless."
When it is removed, corrosion will
take place, though at a slower rate
than with ordinary steel.
Certain foods, like salt, acids
(vinegar, salad dressing, fruits and
tomatoes) will remove the oxide
film. However, if the stainless item
is washed, rised and dried tho
roughly the oxygen of the air will
heal the breaks in the oxide film
and return the stainless property to
the steel.
If food is not washed off prompt
ly for example, when dishes and
flatware are left in the dishwasher
until a full load accumulates the
air cannot heal the break and cor
rosion will take place.
There is no permanent solution
to the rustig of stainless steel, but
polishing with silver or stainless
steel cleaner may temporarily re
move the corrosion. To minimize
rusting, it is important to rinse or
wash stainless steel as soon as pos
sible after use.
Q: How can I tell if a particular
glass-ceramic utensil is satisfactory
to use for microwave cooking?
A: Use this .test to determine a
utensil's suitability for use in mic
rowave cooking. Place a glass
measuring cup of water next to the
empty dish to be tested in the mic
rowave oven. Heat on full power
for one minute, then check the
temperture of the dish.
If the dish is cool and the water
very warm, the dish can be used. If
the dish is slightly warm, it can be
used for short term cooking only.
If the dish is hot and the water is
cool, do not use the dish. A hot
dish means that the utensil is
absorbing microwaves instead of
permitting them to pass through,
as they should for safe cooking.
Q: What is the best way to clean an
indoor grill?
A: If heavily soiled, soak the grill,
rock cartridges and grill grates in a
solution of hot water and liquid
detergent for 15 to 20 minutes.
Then remove the burned on residue
with a plastic scrubber or brush.
Then run them through a nor
mal dishwasher cycle or wash and
rinse them in the sink. Lightly
soiled grates and cartridges can be
washed in the dishwasher without
presoaking.
The procelain drain pan usually
cleans easily with soapy water or
non-abrasive cleaners. For stub
born soil, spray it with household
cleaner or liquid detergent. Then
cover it with several damp paper
towels or newspapers and let soak
for 30 minutes.
Stains caused by substances con
taining protein or starch can be
removed usingthe same procedures.
Some examples of these stains in
clude blood, body discharges and
vomit, aftershave applications, eye
drops and mouthwash, cereals and
starch.
For washable fabrics soak the
garment in a mixture of one quart
of cool water, '$ teaspoon liquid
hand dishwashing detergent and
one tablespoon of ammonia for 15
minutes. Soaking allows time for
the stain to break down. Rinse the
garment to see if the stain was
removed. If it is still there, soak
another 15 minutes in thedetergent
and ammonia solution. Rinse with
water. It is important to remove all
ammonia.
If thestain is still present, further
breakdown can be accomplished
by soaking in a solution of one
quart of warm waterand one table
spoon of enyme laundry product
for 30 minutes. Launder the gar
ment in cool water. If the stain is
still present, soak again in the
enzyme laundry product and
launder again.
For a blood stain that is not
completely removed, wet the stain
with hydrogen peroxide and add a
drop of ammonia. Do not allow
mixture to remain on the garment
more than 15 minutes. Rinse with
water and launder again.
The following methods for re
moving protein stains from carpet
ing are damaging to wool. Call a
professional to remove the stain if
you have a wool carpet.
If you are trying to remove the
stain from carpeting other than
wool, soak a folded towel in the
liquid hand dishwashing detergent
and ammonia solution, then lay it
on the stained area. To rinse the
area, blot with a towel dampened
with water to remove loosened
staining material.
If there is still stain visible, soak
again with the detergent and am
monia solution. Wait 15 minutes
for the break down of the staining
material. Repeat the rinsing with a
dampened towel. For stains that
are still visible, soak a folded towel
in one quart of water and one
tablespoon enzyme laundry pro
duct, then lay it on the stain for 30
minutes. Rinse with a dampened
towel.
Blot the carpeting as dry as pos
sible with absorbent towels. Allow
to air dry completely Vacuum or
rake to restore nap.
Watch cookie contents to ensure nutrition
Cookies are a popular part of
our lifestyle.
With the current emphasis on
cutting the sugar and fat content of
the American diet and the concern
about obesity, let's examine the
nutritional and caloric values of
cookies.
Are cookies nutritious? It is true
that food energy is needd by the
body and part of that energy can be
provided by the calories in cookies
or other desserts. However, coo
kies, like any other combination of
ingredients in foods, can be more
or less nutritious depending upon
which ingredients are used.
Sugar gives cookies their sweet
taste, as well as a particular tex
ture. For example, honey and
Homemade mix has various uses
Skillet Dinner with Home
made Sauce Mix
Va cup flour
1 Tbsp. grated parmesan cheese
1 Tbsp. nonfat dry milk
2 tsps. instant beef bouillon granules
Vi tsp. onion powder
Vt tsp. garlic powder
1 lb. ground beef, pork or turkey
Water and or tomato juice
Noodles, rice or macaroni
For Homemade Sauce Mix:
Combine flour, parmesan cheese,
milk powder, bouillon granules,
onion powder and garlic powder.
Store in tightly covered container
or use immediately in Meat 'N'
Rice Dinner or Meat 'N' Macaroni
Dinner.
Serve with: Mixed vegetables or
whole wheat bread or peaches or
skim milk.
Meat W Noodle Dinner: Brown
meat in skillet; drain off fat. Stir in
three cups water, 113 cups noo
dles and sauce mix, heat to boiling;
reduce heat and simmer, uncovered,
ten minutes or until noodles are
tender. Each serving provides 250
calories; 5 grams fat and 500 mg.
sodium.
Meat TV' Rice Dinner: Brown meat
in skillet; drain, stir in three cups
water, cup rice and sauce mix.
Heat to boiling; reduce heat and
simmer, uncovered, for 15 to 20
minutes. Each serving provides 2 1 0
calories, 5 grams fat and 500 mg.
sodium.
Meat TV' Macaroni Dinner: Brown
meat in skillet; drain off fat. Stir in
two cups water, one cup tomato
juice, one cup macaroni and sauce
mix. Heat to boiling; reduce heat
and simmer, uncovered, 10 min
utes or until macaroni is tender.
Each serving provides 250 calories,
5 grams fat and 475 mg. sodium.
Use specialty patterns
Larger sized women, size 38 to 60:
Great Fit Patterns
221 SE 197th
Portland, OR 97233
Cost: $1 for catalog
MaternityNursing:
Raindrops and Roses
8 SE 199 Ave.'
Portland, OR 97223
Cost: $1 for catalog
Lord Lass
Box 26
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87125
Cost: $1 for brochure
Elizabeth Lee Designs
PO Box 419
Tabiona, UT 84072
Free brochure with a LSASE
Babe Too!
3457 E. K4 Highway
Person's age can affect taste, smell
Have you ever heard older peo
ple complain, "This food just doesn't
as good as it used to.'? Younger
family members might not pay
much attention to such a com
plaint, but the older person is
probably right.
We tend to take our sense of
taste and smell for granted, but for
many of us in later life, these senses
become less acute.
Our senses of taste and smell are
largely responsible for the flavor of
the foods we eat and the beverages
we enjoy. They also help us to
detect leaking gas, the smell of
something buring or food that has
spoiled.
Although taste and smell seem
to work together, each fulfills a
special role. Taste enables us to
determine the sweetness or sour
ness of a food as well as how salty
or bitter it is.
Smell gives us the odors that
play such an important part in
determining the flavor of foods. As
many as two-thirds of our taste
sensations may bedependent upon
our ability to smell foods. Thus, a
stronger taste or odor is required
for some older people to be able to
detect its presence. Not all people
are affected this way. Of the ones
who are, not all are affected to the
same extent.
For people who have suffered a
sensory loss, there are a number of
ways to enhance enjoyment of odors
and tastes. First, there are spices
and herbs, such as garlic, pepper,
peppermint, spearmint, cloves,
onions and cinnamon. Or we can
use other flavorings, such as mus
tard and horseradish sauces.
Enhanced flavor results in more
enjoyment of food and an increased
dietary variety and intake, all of
which contribute to better nutri
tional status.
Stain be gone!
If you like the convenience of a
spray prewash stain remover, then
save yourself the packaging and
advertising costs and make your
own. Into a pint spray bottle pour
12 cup of ammonia and 12 cup
liquid laundry detergent. Fill the
rest of the bottle w ith water, shake
it up and spray it on the stain. Wait
at least one minute before putting
the stained fabric into the washing
machine.
Assaria, KS 67416
Cost: $1 for a complete catalog
(refundable)
Maternity Lingerie
Upfront Fashions
641 Cumberland Avenue
Teaneck, NJ 97666
Cost: $5.50 for pattern
Large Size Girls, sizes 7'2 to I6'2
Amy Leigh Fashions, Inc.
PO Box 10056
Oakland, CA 94619
Free catalog
Did you know...
...there are many ways to season
foods without salt?
For pot roast or meat loaf, try
allspice, garlic, marjoram or thyme.
For pastas, try poppy seeds or
savory.
Season tomatoes with basil or
oregano.
Serve rice or bulgur with basil,
curry powder, onion powder, or
tumeric.
Season cooked cabbage, broc
coli, brussel sprouts or cauliflower
with caraway seeds, curry powder
or marjoram.
Flavor cooked carrots or beets
with caraway seeds or cloves.
molasses give a moist, chewy tex
ture to baked products. Cookies
have that nice brown color because
heat causes changes in the sugar
and other ingredients.
If you reduce the amount of
sugar you not only change the fla
vor of the cookie, you also change
the texture and the way it looks.
You may reduce the amount of
sugar by one-fourth in some recipes
and still have a good cookie.
How much nutrition is added to
cookies by substituting honey or
molasses for the sugar?
When substituting honey for
sugar, remember that most recipes
call for a little less honey than
sugar. Molasses will increase the
amount of iron in cookies and con
tribute smallamounts of other min
erals. However, to get a significant
amount of these minerals you would
need to eat the whole batch of
cookies!
Flour (all-purpose) is generally
used in cookie making. Either
bleached or non-bleached will make
tasty cookies.
Be sure to use enriched or whole
wheat flour to get the vitamins and
minerals lacking in unenriched
white flour.
Substituting whole wheat flour
for part of the white flour will add
some minerals without changing
the calorie content.
Fats supply a major part of the
caloires in cookies as it does in all
other foods. Different kinds of fats
give different flavor to cookies.
The type of cookies makes a differ
ence in the fat calorie content of
cookies. Consider the following
types of cookies:
Rolled cookies: The crisper they
are, the higher the sugar and fat
content.
Ice box cookies: Extra high in
fat.
Bar cookies: Cake-like mixture
w ith more flour and less fat.
Drop cookies: L ike bar cookies
with less liquid.
About 45 percent of the calories
in rolled and ice box cookies comes
from fat. while about 30 percent of
the calories in drop and bar cook
ies comes from fat.
Compare the calories of one cup
of:
Butter & Margarine 1,630 cal.
Cooking oil
Lard
Peanut butter
White sugar
Brown sugar
Corn syrup
Honey
Molasses
1,925 cal.
1,850 cal.
1,550 cal.
770 cal.
820 cal.
960 cal.
1,040 cal.
800 cal.
Other ingredients may be added to
cookies. They may add some vita
mins or minerals, but are usually
high-calorie foods. Check the fol
lowing listing. Calories are per cup.
Coconut
Chocolate chips
Walnuts
Raisins
Oatmeal
Granola
275 calories
860 calories
780 calories
420 calories
330 calories
480 calories
While nuts and some B-vitamins
and minerals, they are high in calo
rie because of the high fat content.
Dried fruits are relatively high
in calories because the water is
removed.
Zucchini has little nutrient con
tent. Carrot and pumpkin are some
times used to make a moist cookie.
They do add vitamin A, but one
cup of these vegetables in a recipe is
not enough to classify the coolies in
the fruits and vegetables group.
Yogurt has the same nutrients as
milk. It's a nutritious ingredient,
but most recipes call for so little
yogurt that there's little nutritional
effect per cookie.
In conclusion:
To evaluate cookies, see how
they are used. If cookies and pop
are a lunch substitute, they don't
measure up very well. If oatmeal
raisin cokies are a snack instead of
a candy bar, they look pretty good.
No one food item should be
judged by itself the diet as a whole
should be considered when looking
at nutrition!
The best way to get needed vita
mins and minerals is to select a var
iety of food including vegetables,
fruits, meats, meat alternates, beans,
rice, cheese, eggs, etc, breads,
cereals, and milk products. Meet
the nutrient needs from a variety of
foods and then cookies or other
dessert foods can be used to supply
enough calories to meet energy
needs.
Because all cookies are high in
fats and sugars, they are not good
sources of nutrients, but they do
supply food energy (calories).
Sign-up for 4-H begins during the
first week of October!
Contact the Extension office at 553-3238 for more information.