SpilyayTymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
juiy !,i988 Page 5
How to preserve deliciously with less sugar
Many food preservers are asking
about low sugar recipes.
It isn't always possible to decrease
the amount of sugar in a favorite
recipe. A specific amount of sugar
is sometimes essential for the typi
cal characteristics of some preserved
foods.
In frozen and canned fruits, sugar
contributes to the flavor. If desired,
the sugar can be decreased or left
out altogether. This won't change
the keeping quality. However, the
fruit won't hold its shape as well.
Tips given for cooked,
frozen jams and jellies
life an1 krne ma lm ornuith of mirrnnro.ir
Oregon fruits and berries make
excellent jams and jellies. The dif
ference is that jam is made from
crushed fruit while jelly is made
from extracted juice.
The right balance of fruit, pec
tin, sugar and acid is essential for
jelling. Because of this, it's impor
tant to follow a tested recipe.
If the fruit is high in natural pec
tin, such as tart apples, plums or
blackberries, jam and jelly can be
made without added pectin. How
ever, most people prefer to use a
commercial pectin product.
Follow the manufacturer's direc
tions exactly. Any changes may
result in a thin consistency.
Although it's possible to remake
jams, the results aren't always satis
factory. To cut sugar, it is necessary to
use a special low methoxyl pectin
are now available in the canning
section of supermarkets.
When sugar is reduced, jams and
jellies do not keep as well. Preser
vatives are added to some low
methoxyl pectin products to inhibit
Take time to
Now that your 1987 tax returns
are filed, take time to review them.
You will find that certain portions
of the tax information are impor
tant to your family financial plan
ning. Determine your marginal income
tax rate. The marginal tax rate is
the rate of which the last dollars of
income were taxed.
Knowing your marginal tax rate
enables you to estimate the conse
quences of increased income or
deductions; to determine the after
tax yield of investments; and to
compare the yields of taxable and
non-taxable investments.
Determine your federal margi
nal tax rate using your federal tax
able income and the federal tax
rate schedule for your filing status.
Determine your Oregon marginal
tax rate using your Oregon taxable
income and the Oregon tax rate
chart for your filing status.
A review of your tax return can
help you decide if you should change
the amount of tax withheld from
your paychecks in 1 988. To decrease
the amount being withheld, you
increase withholding allowances.
To increase the amount being with
held, you decrease withholding allo
wances. Using information from your
1987 tax return and your estimates
of 1988 income and deductions,
9"lIteLfJrMw?rk0Ut8
I. Wear good walking shoes
with slightly raised heel, adequate
flexibility and ankle support, and
lots of cushioning to absorb shock.
2. Set a goal of walking 30 min
utes every other day. Beginners
may want to start with 15-minute
Dieting while
Dining out presents special chal
lenges, so here are special hints on
how to stick to your plan in a
restaurant:
Read the menu carefully. Feel
free to ask how items are prepared
and then choose the appropriate
dishes for your diet.
Start your meal with a green
salad. This will help to fill you up,
and it is nutritious and low in
calories.
Select broiled, roasted, baked,
poached or steamed foods served
without butter or calorie-laden
sauces. Avoid fried foods. For sand
wiches, try plain sliced meats such
Teens calcium needs and
how to meet them
Questions teen commonly ask:
Q. Havent I outgrown my need
for calcium?
A. Not at all! Calcium needs are
greater during preadolescence and
puberty (II to 18 years) than in
either childhood or adulthood.
About 45 percent of the adult's
bone mass is formed during this
growth spurt.
Q. How does calcium affect my
bones?
A. Throughout adolescence, mine
rals such as calcium are needed for
optimum bone growth and devel
opment This may affect bone length,
and ultimately may determine adult
height.
In pickles, sugar blances the fla
vor of the vinegar. Although the
sugar could be left out of the
recipe, the pickles would probably
be too sour. The amount of vinegar
shouldn't be decreased if less sugar
is used. A certain acidity is essen
tial for safe pickling.
In jams and jellies, sugar helps in
gel formation and acts as a preser
vative. If sugar is decreased in
recipes that rely on pectin for thick
ening, the product may have the
consistency of syrup. Proper pre-
growth of microorganisms. As an
extra safeguard, low or no sugar
jams and jellies should be processed
for five minutes in a boiling water
bath. Otherwise, they should be
kept refrigerated.
Uncooked jams have become
popular in recent years because
they keep more of the bright color
and fresh flavor of raw fruit.
Although uncooked jam recipes
appear to have more sugar than
cooked products, the final sugar
concentration is the same in both.
As water evaporates during cook
ing, the jam becomes more concen
trated. For best results with uncooked
jams, follow the directions in pec
tin packages. Be sure to measure
ingredients carefully allow the jam
to thicken at room temperature
before freezing it.
After thawing, uncooked jam
should be stored in the refrigerator
to prevent molding.
For further information on mak
ing jams and jellies, contact the
Warm Springs Extension office.
review your
complete the W-4 form available
from your emploiyer. Hanging with
holding does not affect the total
amount of taxes you will owe. It
allows you to determine the amount
the withholding needed to equal
the amount of the tax you will owe.
Read your 1987 tax returns and
determine what income and expense
records you will need when you file
your 1988 returns. Set up a system
Snake bite care tips given
If you are bitten by a rattlesnake,
pack the bite in ice being careful
not to put the ice directly on the
skin, apply pressure above bite but
no tourniquet and get to medical
help as soon as possible. The Poi
son Control Center, 1-800-452-7165
in Portland says to immobilize the
part affected and transport the vic
tim to a medical facilty. Here are
some recommendations made by
Poison Control.
A constricting band can be placed
above the bite, (between the bite
and the heart) if the person feels
comfortable doing this. No
tourniquet. There must be blood
flow to the affected area and a
pulse there. Cleanse wound with
walks. The key is to do it regularly
3. Walk nonstop at a brisk and
steady pace. It's not necessary, how
ever, to walk at your maximum
speed. Ideally, you should walk
fast enough to elevate vour heart
rate and maintain it within its
dining out
as chicken, turkey, roast beef and
other lean meat.
Request that high calories gra
vies, sauces, butter and salad dress
ing be served "on the side" so you
can use them sparingly.
Control portion sizes. Try to eat
the same size portion that you usu
ally eat at home.
Select your beverage carefully.
Try low-fat milk, fruit juice, plain
coffee or tea, diet soft drinks or
club soda with a twist of lemon or
lime.
If you wish to have a dessert,
fresh fruit is the best choice. If a
regular dessert is irresistible, share
it with someone.
Here's how to meet the calcium
R.D.A. for teens: 1200 mg.
4 cups skim milk, 1208 mg.
3 cups skim milk and 1 cup low
fat plain yogurt, 1321 mg.
4 cups lowfat milk (1 percent),
1200 mg.
I cup lowfat milk (2 percent), I
cup lowfat yogurt and 3 ounces
cheddar cheese, 1254 mg.
3 cups lowfat milk (I percent),
and I cup lowfat plain yogurt, 'A
cup lowfat cottage cheese and 2
ounces swiss cheese, 1336 mg.
3 cups whole milk and I cup low
fat plain yogurt, 1288 mg.
AH of the above meet the recom
mended four servings a day from
the daily group.
portions of fruit, pectin, acid and
sugar are needed to make these
products thicken.
A special pectin is now available
for making low sugar jams and jel
lies. Different brands of this low
methoxyl pectin are now available
in the canning section of super
markets. Although jams and jellies
made from this pectin look tradi
tional, their keeping quality is
changed. Low sugar jams and jel
lies should be kept refrigerated to
slow down growth of microorga
nisms, for room temperature stor
age, jars should be processed for
five minutes in boiling water bath.
Some food preservers are substi
tuting honey for sugar. This actu
Counselor training
Are you interested in being a
counselor at the 4-H Challenge
Camp August 2 through 5? Train
ing will be offered July 22, 23 and
24 at the high Lakes Campground
for students who have completed
9th. 10th. 1 1th and 12th grades. If
selected you will counsel 7th and
8th graders at Challenge Camp.
Transportation to the training
will be provided and the bus will
leave from the Old Administartion
Building at 6 p.m. Friday, July 22.
The bus will return the afternoon
of July 24.
You will need to bring a sleeping
bag and piillow; a swim suit and
towel; personal articles such as a
toothbrush, comb, etc.; notebook,
pencil; sturdy shoes and another
pair in which to cross the creek; a
small day-pack; two, one-quart
containers in which to carry water
on a day hike and, snacks.
tax records
for keeping track of 1 988 tax records.
After reviewing the tax returns,
store copies of your 1987 returns
and all supporting receipts, can
celled checks and other records.
Keep records proving income or
deductions for at least three years.
Retain some records such as
property records, as long as you
own the property. For additional
information on the importance of
records, order I RS publication 552.
water.
Victim should be reassured and
made to rest, i.e. if the leg is
affected, have person lie down in
transport with leg in natural posi
tion, leg level with heart (no bent
knee, etc.)
Under no conditions should
injury be placed directly on ice.
Incision may be made if person
feels able to do so, however, it has
no value whatsoever if done more
than a half hour after bite. Incision
should not be crisscross, but should
be no longer than five millimeters
and no deeper than four millime
ters. Suction can be applied with
the mouth. This is to be done only
as a last resort when you are hours
away from a medical facility.
training range.
4. Keep your arms moving. Swing
your arms as you walk substan
tially increases your energy output
at any speed; you'll burn more
calories and give your upper body
a workout as well.
5. Gradually increase the dis
tance, speed and number of days
you walk. Try race walking or
alternating running and walking.
Walk up hills and over rough ter
rain to further enhance your
workout.
Start dental
No matter what the age, gooo
dental health is nothing to kid
about. Until your children are old
enough to take on the responsibil-
lty themselves, its up to you to
make their dental future as health
ful as it can be.
The following are answers to
questions often asked about young
teeth:
Why should I worry about baby
teeth that are just going to fall out
anyway? Baby teeth lost unnatu
rally to cavities or injury can lead
to big problems later. The space
left behind often affects the way
permanent teeth grow in, causing
trouble with chewing, speech and or
appearance.
If a baby tooth is lost prema
turely, talk to your dentist about
the possibility of using a space
maintainer to hold the space open
for the permament tooth.
How do I know if a loose tooth is
primary or permanent?
Permanent teeth start erupting
about age six behind the last baby
(primary) teeth. Permanent teeth
do not come loose unless they've
been injured, so ask your child
about injuries. And keep tract of
which teeth have come out and
which have grown in.
ally doesn't decrease the sugar
content of preserved foods. Sugar
is a major ingredient in honey.
Honey may be substituted for
sugar in canned or frozen fruits.
Hccausc it is sweeter and stringer in
flavor, it's advisable to use less
honey than the amount of sugar
specified.
In jelly recipes without added
pectin, honey can replace up to two
cups of sugar. With added pectin,
two cups of honey can replace up
to two cups of sugar in most recipes.
(In recipes that yield small batches
of 5-6 glasses, substitute no more
than one cup of sugar with honey.)
Light, mid-flavored honey is the
best kind to use.
Orientation for the counselor
training will be held Monday, July
18 at the 4-H Center beginning at
5:15 p.m. Your attendance is re
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Name ,
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! Address
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Home Phone
Cost:$40 Make check payable to OSU Extension Service.
Preparation a must for a
painless presentation
"What? Me, get up there and do
a presentation for our club? You
gotta be kidding!" You've proba
bly heard this before you may
. even have said the same thing your
self! Many people think they can't
speak in front of a group, but it's a
valuable skill to develop, and it's
I not as painful as one might think.
A presentation is one way for
3 4-H members to share what they've :
( learned, At the same time, they'll
, develop self-confidence and acquire
a skill that will help them through-
, out life. All the knowledge in the
world won't mean a thing unless
: you can share it with others. Here
are some tips on 4-H presentations-
, think about doing one at the fair as
an interesting beyond-the-project"
. activity.
1. Choose a topic. Select some
thing exciting and interesting to
you. Usually, you'll do best to
choose a subject from your own
experiences. Will you use your presen-.
tation to inform?. To create action? '
It's purposes may help you decide
on the type of presentation.
2. Decide type of presentation.
. Demonstration, illustrated talk, or
: speech? A demonstration will show
and tell your audience how to do
, something. You will actually do ;
Prune those
Lilac shrubs that aren't bloom
ing as heavily as they once did may
need some pruning to renew their
vigor.
Through the spring or early
summer when lilacs bloom, they
are doing more than just creating
beautiful flowers. They also are
producing their new annual growth
and next year's blossom buds.
This growth pattern means there
is no time of year that a lilac can be
pruned without removing some ilo-
care early
How can I get my kids to floss?
First of all, set a good example for
your children by flossing daily your-
self. Kids who get into the flossing
habit are more likely to do it through-
out. So start them early.
Make an all-out effort. In addi
tion to helping them master the
flossing technique, hang remember-to-floss
signs in their rooms and
how-to-floss posters in the
bathroom; monitor their progress
and give token rewards. As incen
tives; maintain their interest by giv
ing lots of praise and attention.
Should sealants be applied to
baby teeth as well as permanent
teeth? Generally, sealants-plastic
coatings that protect teeth enamel
are applied to the chewing surfaces
of children's permanent back teeth
to seal off bacteria.
Applying sealants is a simple
procedure and should be considered
for baby teeth, too in children who
have a high tooth decay rate.
Is it possible for children to grow
up cavity-free?
Absolutely. Thanks to advanced
technology and good home dental
care, one in three children in this
country today has grown up with
out cavities.
The
(EXTEMSIOM)
AGRICULTURE4-H
Clay Penhollow
HOME EC4-H
Mollie Marsh
FAMILY LIFE4-H
Arlene Boileau
Trainee
Debbie Scott
2126 Warm Springs Street 553-1161, extension 238
to be offered
quired if you are interested in the
training.
Complete the accompanying reg
istration form and return to the
4-H Challenge Camp Counselor Training
Grade
: Completed
Parents' Work Phone
and will usually have a finished
product to show them.
An illustrated talk uses vehicle
(slides, pictures, charts, models) to
explain what's said. Visuals help
hold attention.
A speech is "just telling." It
requires careful planning and effec
tive delivery with gestures, voice
variety, and proper English.
3nResearch your topic. Get all
the. information you can from the
library, 4-H project materials, and
How to select
A proper balance of heat and air
movement is necessary to dry fruits
and vegetables successfully.
When a food dehydrator is used,
the element maintains the heat to
draw moisture out of the food and
the fan circulates the air to carry
the moisture away.
Dehydrators can be made at
home using plans developed by
Oregon State University. Sometimes,
money can be saved by making
your own. However, if your time or
skills are limited, you may prefer to
buy a dehydrator.
It's wise to do some comparative
shopping first. We suggest consid-
tired lilacs
wer buds.
To get around this, prune the
shrub so that only non-flower wood
is removed. Flower blooms are
produced from large buds on the
ends of vigorous new growth.
Prune out the lateral and spindly
growth that rarely produce blooms.
Both types of growth are usually
best removed in the winter, but can
be cut out any time of year.
Annual pruning, though not essen
tial, will keep the lilac bush in good
health.
Renovation of old bushes is usu
ally also best done in the winter,
but can be safely done in the late
spring after bloom. To renovate
lilac shrub, remove some of the old
wood in the shrub near ground
level. Be careful to prune no more
than a fifth of the shoots that have
already bloomed.
This severe pruning of some
branches while leaving most intact
gives the shrub a solid framework
on which new growth can quickly
become established, keeping the
shrub young. Renovation pruning
is needed only every few years.
To promote a healthy crop of
lilac blooms next year, clip the
blossom heads off the plant after
bloom this year.
Refrigerator reminders given
Wasted food is wasted money!
Be sure to refrigerate perishables as
soon as you return from the store.
Also, check packages for storage
instructions such as "Refrigerate
after opening." This notation is
often found on bottles and jars of
products as mayonnaise or salad
dressing. Proper refrigeration will
insure the quality of such products.
People
fliML
OFFICE MANAGEMENT
Eraina Palmer
Warm Springs Extension Utlice by
July 1 1. Cost for the training is $40.
Make check payable to OSU
Extension Service.
resource people. Be sure it's accu
rate, up-to-date, and complete.
4. Plan and prepare. Think about
the points you want to make, or the
techniques you want to show. What's
their logical order? Plan what youll
say and do make an outline and
memorize it, but don't memorize
exactly what you will say. Decide
what equipment or visuals youll
need. Make sure your visuals are
attractive and complete.
a dehydrator
enng the following teatures when
looking at dehydrators:
Compacity is the compacity ade
quate for the amount of food you
plan to dry?
Construction is there double
wall construction with insulation
to reduce heat loss? Is the drier
sturdy? Is the heating element en
closed? Can it be moved easily?
Will it fit your storage space?
Temperature control is there a
thermostat to adjust the tempera
ture? Air circulation is there a fan or
blower to distribute warm air evenly?
Trays are the trays sturdy? Do
they slide easily? Will they be easy
to clean?
For information about drying
foods at home, contact the Warm
Springs Extension office.
Make the
most of
job opportunity
Your research and preparation
have finally paid off and you've
been offered a job.
You should first make it your
business to learn the company rules,
so you can know what is expected
of you. Make every effort to main
tain good attendance and arrive
promptly at your office each day.
Plan your workday so that jobs
will be done most efficiently and
quickly, finish tasks completely, and
be sure to follow directions. Above
all, never feel reluctant to ask ques
tions. Employers prefer that employ
ees ask when they are uncertain
rather than proceed incorrectly.
Questions also indicate that the
employees are interested in doing a
good job and learning about the
company.
You can be a model employee in
every other respect, but if you dont
exhibit confidence in your abilities
and desire to cooperate with other
employees, supervisors may not
view you as potential leadership
material.
Use airtight containers or mois-ture-vaporproof
wrap (aluminum
foil, plastic bags, or plastic wrap)
to protect foods which have been
opened.
Refrigerator temperatures should
be maintained at 34 F to 40 F ( I C
to 4 C). Cold air must circulate
freely, so foods should not be
crowded.