Warm Springs, Oregon
April 22, 1988 PAGE 5
Suggested control and treatment for scours Part III
The
Spilyay Tymoo
Since scours in young calves is
frequently a combined virus and
bacterial problem, the greatest losses
usually occur during the last half of
calving season, and are more severe
in heifers' calves. As the calving
season progresses, the virulence
and number of infectious agents
increase, and disease outbreaks
become more common. Even well
managed herds can have serious
problems.
When scours occur in a beef,
herd, pregnant cows should be
moved from the contaiminated area
and dispersed as much as feed and
water facilities will permit. The
dispersion of pregnant cows often
will break the infection cycle and
limit the outbreak. Under range
conditions, any attempt to disin
fect the contaminated area proba
bly will be futile. I n dairy cattle the
management techniques usually de
termine whether disinfection can
or cannot be applied effectively.
Under range conditions, calving
on sloping ground usually is more
advantageous than calving on level
areas. The slope usually provides
drainage, and if the area remains
reasonably dry, calves are not as
apt to become devitalized or con
taminated by exposure to infective
material. A supply of clean water
also is needed in the calving lots.
Scours often can be avoided by
calving away from corrals, but to
give appropriate assistance at calv
ing time, the cattle must be watched
as closely as possible. Likewise, if
navels of newborn calves are to be
treated, the cattle must be accessi
ble. Usually there are areas where
calving season, and yet held under
the control necessary for treating
calving and giving other required
assistant.
Small portable sheds with open
ings that will admit calves but not
cows, and bedded with straw, pro
vided excellent shelters. Size usu
ally runs about 12 feet long and
eight feet wide. The roof should be
high enough to allow the sun to
shine on the covered area. Provide
ing the calves with clean, dry quar
ters will go a long way toward pre
venting illness.
The "shotgun"approach to treat
ment of calf scours often is effec
tive if it is applied when the disease
first appears. First take fecal spec
imens for laboratory examination
and then treat the sick animal with
broad spectrum or antibiotics, anti
diarrheals and electrolyte solutions.
Insure your computers
Personal home computers are
popping up everywhere. Parents
often use them to balance the fam
ily budget and young people use
them for schoolwork. Because a
home computer represents a sizea
ble investment for many families,
insurance coverage should not be
overlooked.
Standard homeowners insurance
policies cover home computers which
are used for personal reasons such
as schoolwork. Generally speak
ing, coverage would end if the
computer is used, even sparingly,
for business purposes. While some
companies do not make the dis
tinction between business and per
sonal use, they are the exception
rather than the rule.
If the owner of a home computer
needs the business coverage, a spe
cial endorsement or additional
"floater" protection can be pur
chased at a minimal cost. "Float
ers" also can be used to expand the
existing number of covered perils.
The home policy will indicate those
perils the home computer is insured
against (fire, theft, etc.)
Policyholders also should check
with their agents, brokers or com
pany representatives to find out if
their computers are covered against
damage from spilled drinks, mischie
vious pets, dropping, keyboad failure
or power surges.
Coverage may be on an actual-cash-value
basis. This is, the object
may be old and its value depre
ciated. For an additional premium,
policyholder can obtain replacement
cost coverage which will not sub
tract depreciation in a settlement.
It is a good policy to treat animals
that are seemingly well if they are
in close contact with the sick. It is
best to treat these with acidophilus
milk (see No. 2 in following list).
Loss of body fluid is the most
frequent cause of death from scours.
Water excretion is increased as
much as 30 times normal. This loss
leads to dehydration. In addition
to water loss, clectolytes (the salts
necessary for normal body func
tion) are lost in large amounts
when calves scours.
Treatment of severe scours in
calves should be directed toward
replacing the water and electrolyte
loss, as well as destroying the caus
ative agents. The most effective
method of overcoming dehydration
is by intravenous treatment. Up to
2 gallons of water and clectolytes
may be administered to a calf intra
venously over a 24-hour period.
Many veterinarians throughout the
west are saving calves with this
treatment.
Simple home treatment can assist
in overcoming dehydration. Scour-'
ing calves may be given the follow
ing solution at least twice daily
instead of milk: sodium chloride
(table salt), I teaspoon; sodium
bicarbonate (baking soda) '$ teas
poon; Glucose (corn syrup), four
ounces; water, four pints.
Calves should be fed this solu
tion together with a suitable anti
biotic. After two to three days
treatment, or as soon as scouring
creases, discontinue the antibiotic
and introduce acidophilus milk.
With clinical recovery the calf can
be returned to a normal milk diet.
The calfs mother should be com
pletly milked out before the calf is
returned to her. At no time during
treatment should the total fluid
intake be below eight pints daily.
This system works for several
reasons:
1. The principal causes of death
usually are dehydration and shock.
Fluid and electroylyte therapy keep
calves alive long enough for anti
biotics overcome the infection. One
pint of fluid for every ten pounds of
body weight is about normal daily
fluid intake.
2. Do not feed milk during treat
ment unless acidophilus milk is
used. You can obtain freeze-dried
acidophilus milk (Lactobacillus aci
dophilus) cultures from veterinar
ians or veterinary supply houses.
Ordinary milk is a good bacterial
feed and continued intake of cows'
milk could favor bacterial growth
and prolong the scours, but aci
dophil milk is so loaded with
helpful bacteria that they overcome
or aid in replacing the harmful
organisms in the gut.
3. Antibiotic or other drug therapy
is compatible with fluids and can
be directed at the causative agents.
Give young calves access to clean
drinking water and a salt-mineral
box. These can be located in a calf
, creep or shelter area. If they are
readily available, sick calves may
spontaneously replace some of their
lost water and electrolytes.
Avoid prolonged use of antibio
tics, since they interfere with nor
mal digestive processes. If calves
are medicated orally with antibio
tics beyond a 48-hour period, you
should feed lactobacillus acidophi
lus culture after antibiotic medica
tion is stopped.
Without doubt, there are many
causes of calf scours where the
cause is unknown. Always exam
ine each outbreak. Autopsy of dead
or dying calves is recommended in
order to identify factors responsi
ble for the disease. With proper
identification, many forms of scours
can be effectively and auicklv con-
" i j
trolled. The saving in time, medica
tion and calves makes prompt action
thorough investigation of each out
break economically worthwhile.
SIORl)
AGRICULTURE4-H
Clay Penhollow
HOME EC4-H
Mollie Marsh
FAMILY LIFE4-H
Arlene Boileau
4-HYOUTH AIDE
Joni David
People
OFFICE MANAGEMENT
Eraina Palmer
TRAINEE
Deanna Lamebear
2126 Warm Springs Street 553-1161, extension 238
Beef Referendum voting
scheduled for May 10
Oregon beef producers will help
decide the fate of an industry
financed research, education and
information program when they
vote in the national beef referen
dum May 10.
Voting will take place in county
offices of the OSU Extension Ser
vice during regular business hours.
Under the rules established by
the U.S. Department of Agricul
ture, producers and importers will
decide the future of a $l a head
check-off system to finance pro
grams conducted by the Cattlemen's
Beef Promotion and Research Board.
Half of the money collected in
Oregon will be used in the state.
The other half will be used by the
National Beef Promotion and
Research Board. The referendum
was authorized by the Beef Promo
tion and Research Act of 1985.
All cattle producers who owned
or acquired cattle as well as impor
ters of cattle, beef and beef pro
ducts between October I, 1 986,
and March3l, 1 988. are eligible to
vote. Also eligible to cast ballots
are members of 4-H. Future Farmers
of America and other youth who
owned cattle during that time.
Anyone unable to vote in person
May 10 may request an absentee
ballot between April I and 29.
Absentee ballots must be received
in the Extension office serving the
votei's county by May 3.
Absentee ballots may be obtained
from Bill Zollinger, Beef Referen
dum State Extension Coordinator,
Department of Animal Science.
OSU, Corvallis 9733I.
The Agricultural Stabilization
and Conservation Service will count
ballots, determine the eligibility of
challenged voters and ballots, and
announce the results of the referendum.
Making the most of limited garden space
When gardening space is limited
you can maximize garden produc
tion with density planting.
Density planting can give a good
harvest, but it requires more care
from the gardener. Density plant
ing is easier when a garden plan,
drawn to scale, is used as a pattern
for putting in the garden: The plan
should identify vegetable varieties
and tentative planting dates.
Consider the following points
when planting for density planting.
Spacing between rows and within
the row should be close. Close
spacing of plants requires more fer
tilizer and water than normal spac
ing, and careful observation to
prevent vegetable plants from becom-
within the row.
Try succession planting. Plant
one crop several times by spacing
the plantings a week or more apart.
This keeps the vegetables from
maturing at the same time and
yields fresh vegetables at a steadv
ing over-crowded, which prevents v rate. Some crops suited to this type vegetables that may grow so tall
their reaching iriatuftty F of planting are sveet corn, beans," - that they shade slower-growing
Instead of planting radishes and leaf lettuce and turnips. plants!
lettuce in rows and two-and-a-half ; Replanting a previously harvested Stakes and trellises work to keep
feet apart, leave only one foot area of the garden with another bushy, sprawling plants like toma-
spring crops of lettuce, onions and
radishes.
Fast and slow growing crops can
be interplanted in the same row.
Plant radishes between cucumbers
and lettuce between hills of corn.
However, be careful of fast-growing
Clothes count
Like it or not, clothes count
when you are job hunting. What
you wear to an interview can have a
lot to do with whether you get a job
offer or a letter of rejection.
Employers look at clothing as an
indicator of the individual's ability
and desire for a particular position,
notes Ardis Koester, Oregon State
University Extension clothing and
textiles specialist.
In. a recent study, personnel
officers rated woman applicants
for managerial or non-managerial
jobs according to their clothing.
Those perceived as managerial
types had an overall neat and easy
to maintain appearance. These ap
plicants wore simple, tailored clo
thing such as skirts with simple and
tailored jackets, moderate amounts
of makeup, and simple hair styles
and kept hair away from the face.
Those perceived as non-managerial
types wore frilly or tight clo
thing and heavier makeup, and had
fussy, hard-to-maintain hairstyles.
"You don't need new clothes for
job hunting," Koester says, "But
you should go through your closet
and select outfits that make you
look capable and ready for the
workplace."
Clubs
Silversmith Club
Tuesdays and Thursdays
5-6:30 p.m. 4-H Center
Sup-Se-Qawt
Wes-Wes-Yte
Mondays
4 p.m. 4-H Center
Shawlmaklng
Tuesday, April 26
4-6 p.m. Laura Swltzler Home
Grooming Club II
Mondays 6:30-8:30 p.m.
4-H Center
between rows. (You may want to
allow access for weeding by limit
ing the row length to five or six
feet). An alternate method is to
leave the rows at their normal
width, but instead of planting the
seeds in a single row, scatter them
over a three to four inch strip
variety of vegetable is another type
of succession planting. It works
best with early and late crops. Fol
low an early crop of peas with a late
crop of cauliflower, broccoli or kale.
Crops of carrots, spinach, chard or
cabbage can be planted in the sum
mer on ground that earlier yield
toes and cucumbers off the ground.
Select vegetables varieties that
take up less space, such as bush
type squash.
If early-yielding vegetable varie
ties are used, you don't have to wait
all summer to harvest. For exam
ple, beefstake tomatoes take 100
Care of pillows adds to longevity
days or more to ripen. Earlier
maturing tomato varieties can be
picked sooner.
Always plant vegetable varieties
adapted to the Northwest. Check
seed catalogs or with neighborhood
gardeners to find out what varieties
thrive under local conditions.
. Run vegetable rows north and
south so each row gets maximum
light exposure. (Vegetables produc
ing fruit need full sunlight, while
leafy vegetables may tolerate par
tial shade). Keep tall growing crops
from shading smaller plants by
putting them on the north or east
side of the garden.
Put tomato and potato plants in
different areas of the garden, espe
cially if you had difficulty with dis
ease on these crops during the pre
vious growing season.
Laundering pillows is such an
occasional chore that many home
makers tend to forget about it alto
gether. However, good care of pil
lows adds to their longevity.
Before deciding on laundering
techniques for your pillows, find
out whate materials the pillow's fil
ling is made of. Pillow-filling mate
rials vary greatly. The best source
of information on laundering pil
lows is the manufacturer's direc
tions on the pillow label.
Only pillows labeled "washable"
should be laundered, because some
fillings will become bumpy or tick
ing will stain if put in water. If the
label recommends dry cleaning, air
pillows a few days afterwards to
completely remove any lingering
fumes from dry-cleaning solvents.
Wash pillows that can be home
laundered in pairs to avoid throw
ing your washing machine off bal
ance. Before starting the agitator in
your machine, hold pillows under
water as water rises in the washer,
to keep pillows from floating.
When fiberfill pillows are laun
dered, stuffing may shift. A tho
rough plumping later will solve this
problem. Good quality poly-fill pil
lows will keep their fluffy resiliency
at least five years or more if kept
clean.
Latex pillows gradually stiffen
and crumble when they are exposed
to oil or air. True rubber latex
should never be put in a dryer since
under certain conditions it may
catch fire by spontaneous combus
tion. Latex pillows will last eight to
ten years if coverings are removed
and they are washed regularly. Latex
filling is usually not washed.
Feather and down pillows last a
long time if they are kept clean.
They can be drycleaned or washed
in pairs. Wet feathers have a strong
odor, which will disapper as they
dry. Drying leather pillows takes
two or three hours in a dryer, or
even longer when pillows are hung
outside on a sunny day.
To prevent mildew in feather
and down pillows, it is important
to dry the wet feathers completely.
Feathers will clump together when
wet, so fluff them frequently as
they dry, or put tennis balls or a
child's clean tennis shoe in the dry
to break up clumps. You'll add
greatly to the life of pillows. If you
launder ticking frequently to keep
the pillow filling free from oil and
dirt.
Manage your energy investment
High in protein, low in fat
Good management means using
resources effectively to obtain the
maximum comfort, convenience,
pleasure and satisfaction from your
energy investment.
Find and fix air leaks around
windows, doors, foundation, elec
trical outlets, exhaust fans and
attic openings.
Install storm windows and doors
to reduce heat loss and or heat
gain.
Provide summer shade for south
and west windows.
Walk, don 't drive
Walking is the simplest, safest
and least expensive exercise. A
study of thousands of Harvard
alumni found that a long-term pro
gram of walking can significantly
prolong life. Walking is an activity
that can help diabetics get the exer
cise they need. Here are some help
ful pointers:
Check with your doctor. If he
says you are healthy (but inactive),
start with a mile-long walk at a
pace of about three miles per hour
(20 minutes per mile), four days per
week. Gradually, over the course
of about six weeks, increase your
distance to three miles and increase
your pace to four miles per hour (a
1 5 minute mile). If you have a great
deal of difficulty walking that fast,
walk a little further. Also, gradu
ally increase to walking five days
per week.
If you can walk, dont ride!
Park your car at the far end of the
parking lot and walk to the store.
Park at the Community Center
and walk to the Administration
building. You get the idea!
As you walk, swing your arms.
Your upper body needs a workout,
too. As walking becomes easier
and easier, try carrying a backpack
with a little sand or rice to add
weight.
Put variety into your walking
program. Take a friend along. Walk
along a different route. Listen to
your favorite music quietly through
earphones as you walk along. Walk
your dog everyday whether you
have one or not.
Wear shoes which have a rigid
arch and cushioning for the heel
and ball of your foot. A good, sup
portive shoe often means the dif
ference between pain-free and pain
ful walking.
Consumer
series
April 22
Backyard Greenhouse
April 29
Raised Bed Gardening
Adjust temperature setting by
five degrees on heating and air
conditioning systems and compen
sate for comfort with the clothing
you wear.
Insulate ceilings, exterior walls,
under floors, heat ducts and hot
water pipes.
Use exhaust fans effectively to
control heat and excess moisture at
the source.
Use energy powered home
appliances efficiently.
Use lighting efficiently. Light the
areas in the home being used. Select
energy efficient bulbs, tubes and
fixtures when replacements are
made.
Consider energy efficiency when
purchasing appliances, automobiles
and other motors. Consider life
time cost when making purchasing
decisions.
If a change of housing is planned,
consider how much space is essen
tial. Extra space takes energy to
heat, cool, light and clean.
Whether shopping for housing
to buy or rent, evaluate it for
energy efficiency.
There are many ways to con
serve energy in and around the
home without sacrificing your level
of living. Although some of the tips
involve spending money, the long
range benefits should pay for the
cost. As energy supplies decrease
and costs rise, you must weigh your
use of resources with greater care.
Ground turkey meat, is high in
protein and low in fat. It is an
excellent source of the B vitamins,
riboflavin, niacin and iron. Since it
can be used in place of ground beef
in most recipes at tremendous sav
ings. Turkey Hash
1 Vi pounds ground turkey
lt cup oil C2 stick)
1 Vi cups frozen hash brown pota
toes, thawed
Kh cup finely chopped onion
I '$ teaspoons salt
XA teaspoon savory, crumbled
Vi teaspoon paprika
lA teaspoon pepper
V tsp dried garlic
4 tablespoons catsup or chili sauce
4 eggs
1 tablespoon minced parsley
Brown turkey in oil in a skillet.
Stir in potatoes and onion. Cook,
stirring, a few minutes until onion
is partially cooked. Mix in next
five ingredients. Spoon hash into
an oven dish, then make four depres
sions with a spoon to hold eggs.
Spoon one tablespoons catsup or
chili sauce into each depression
and break an egg into each. Bake,
uncovered, in a 400-degree oven
ten to 1 5 minutes, or until eggs are
set. Sprinkle with parsley. Makes
four servings.
Note: Frozen hash brown pota
toes come in a variety of sizes and
brands. Hash can be made ahead,
covered and held in low oven until
ready to cook eggs.
jii inu'w.v ii . J
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I v J( -
' I t fj v i
tit. . V p. V U - s
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Hash made of fresh ground lurk ey is high in protein and low in calories.
I