Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
April 8, 1988 PAGE 5
Careful selection of home site essential
The tile where you will build,
buy or rent is almost as important
as the design of the house itself.
The terrain and khape of the site
affect the design of a house you
plan to build. I he location of an
existing house, or how it was Titled
to a kite, may be reason enough to
pass up an otherwise tempting buy.
Consider your lot relative to the
following:
Utilities. Your lot should have
access to water, gas. electricity, tele
phone, sewers and street lights. If
they are not available, lind out
their cost to you. The time to dis
cuss these items is before you buy.
Soil and Sewers,
Sie and Shape of lot. Narrow
lots are hard to work with. In
Seneral a lot 60' or more w ide may
c more expensive but worth the
difference. Wedge-shaped lots take
careful handling in the house in
design to avoid an awkward arran-
luate the building with plant mate
rials. The larger yard will mean
more maintenance, but the results
are rewarding.
Drainage. I n general, a site should
slope in all directions away from
The
(EXTEMSIOM)
gemcnt. Is there sufficient space for the house; the area must be well drained
4-H Grooming Club I
Mondays, 6:30 to 8:30 p.m.
at the 4-H Center
Leader: Arlene Boileau
The club will meet for the next seven consecutive
Mondays beginning April 11. All are encouraged to
attendl
additions. A potential lor expan
sion can be desirable for a young
family.
Immediate surrounding. Trees
and nice views are desirable but not
necessary. Remember the winter
winds, and consider what portion
of the house is going to be exposed.
Distance from main road. The
house site should be a minimum of
1 00' from the road. This is far
enough to allow for widening of
the road, and be a buffer from
noise and dust.
Space available for house and
yard. If you are planning a large
house, don't crowd it into a small
space. Give yourself room to acccn-
View. Consider the view when
spotting the general location of the
house.
W'indbrcaksand trees. Tree wind
breaksare usually desirable if healthy
and properly located. They can
improve comfort, but they may
block a desirable view. A wind
break will pile up a snow drift, so
the house must be 75'-lOO' away to
avoid this drift.
Winds. Try to orient doors, win
dows, and outdoor living areas to
take advantage of cooling summer
breezes. House entrances should
be protected from cold wind and
snow by the way the new house is
designed or the old one is remodeled.
AGRICULTURE4-H
Clay Penhollow
HOME EC4-H
Mollie Marsh
FAMILY LIFE4-H
Arlene Boileau
4-HYOUTH AIDE
Joni David
People
AMMl
OFFICE MANAGEMENT
Eraina Palmer
TRAINEE
Deanna Lamebear
2126 Warm Springs Street 5531161, extension 238
Beef Referendum voting
scheduled for May 10
"Towards the 90s" theme of 4-H Summer Week
Beginning in 1987. 4-H Summer
week will initiate a theme that will
extend over three years. The theme,
"Towards thc90's; Awareness. Accep
tance. Action" will move 4-H mem
bers through a process of an aware
ness of themselves, to accepting
leadership, to taking action for
improving their communities for
themselves and others.
The 4-H Summer Week program
is the the premiere 4-H event for
Oregon young adults. 4-H Summer
Week is located on the Oregon
State University campus and is
open to 4-H members presently
enrolled in the eighth through twelfth
grades.
The program is divided into two
categories: Intermediate (grades 8
9) and senior (grades 10-12).
The educational and social objec
tives of 4-H Summer Week are to:
1. Create a safe learning envir
onment allowing youth to practice
decision making and develop a
social skill.
2. Strengthen a young persons
ability to respond and relate to
others with whom they live and
work.
3. Focus on topics that teach
specific skills, explore careers or
address issues impacting youth.
4. Provide opportunities for youth
to identify their strengths and deve
lop leadership communication skills.
5. Help youth use time construc
tively and develop lifetime interests.
6. Create an awareness of OSU
academic choices .ud the OSU
Extension Service.
Delegates to 4-H Summer Week
are required to participate in sub
ject matter classes and leadership
and personal development classes
daily. Leisure and cultural activi
ties ae offered in the late afternoon.
Evening programs include speak
ers, organized recreational activi
ties and informal dances planned
by the teens. Class instruction is
provided by OSU faculty and adult
volunteers.
Summer Week delegates live in
group housing in OSU residence
halls and are supervised by adult
staff and trained college student
counselors. Intermediate and Senior
delegates are housed separately.
Chaperoned group travel arran
gements are made by individual
counties. Delegates arrive on OSU
campus Monday afternoon of Sum
mer Week and depart the following
Saturday morning.
Dates for Summer Week are
June 13 through 8, 1988 more
information watch this spot.
Applications for 4-H Summer
Week registration and health cards
are due May I at the Warm Springs
Extension Office.
The U.S. Department of Agri
culture has issued a final rule govern
ing the procedures for conducting
the Beef Referendum as authorized
by the Beef Promotion and Research
Act of 1985.
Referendum voting will be con
ducted in the Warm Springs Exten
sion Office (Old Administration
Building. 21 26 Warm Springs Street
next to the Post Office) during
normal business hours (8:00 a.m.
to 3:00 p.m. as well as during the
noon hour). Voting will be con
ducted on one day only, May 10,
1988.
Producers and importers unable
to vote in person may request an
absentee ballot by visiting the Exten
sion Office. Absentee Ballots will
be available from April I until
close of business on April 29, 1988.
Absentee ballots must be received
in the Warm Springs Extension
office by close of business on May
3. 1988.
All cattle producers who owned
or acquired cattle and importers of
cattle, beef or beef products during
the period of October I. 1986,
through March 31, 1988. are eligi
ble to vote. This also includes 4-H
FFA, and other youth who owned
cattle during the designated time
period.
The Agriculture Stablization and
Conservation Service will count
ballots, determine the eligibility of
challenged voters and ballots, and
report Referendum results.
Mexican cuisine combines subtle flavors, fruits, spices
Lunchtime consumer series
April
April
April
April
8 Art of Skillful Buying
15 Sewing for Profit
22 Landscape Management
29 Backyard Greenhouse
Raised Bed Gardening
W if
If you think Mexican cuisine
consists solely of tacos, enchilladas
and the like, you're in for a wond
erful surprise. One of the oldest
and most varied cuisines known to
us, Mexican cookery, is a magnifi
cent example of subtle flavors, un
usual combinations and visually
stunning dishes.
As in America, chicken is a great
favorite in Mexico where it is fea
tured in coutless recipes. Chicken.
or"pollo"as the Mexicans call it, is
combined with .imagjnaUve. ingre
dients American cooks might not
readily include in their own chicken
creations but should.
It's interesting to note that Mex
ican cookery can be traced back to
300 to 900 A.D. when the Myan
civilization was at its peak. In early
1500s when the Spanish conquis
tadores settled in Mexico, the native
cooks incorporated many Spanish
ingredients such as rice, wine and
olive oil, into their own dishes,
creating many classics still loved
today, .The conquistadores also .
Scours There are specific causes for disease Part II
Stress. Most calf scours can be
reduced or controlled by manage
ment practices that reduce animal
stress. Calves held in overcrowded,
poorly drained lots or pens with
no shelter and ineffective manure
disposal, may experience many
scour outbreaks, especially in beef
calves. Improper care of attention
during birth, failure to disinfect the
navel cord and failure of the calf to
receive colostrum within the first
12 hours after birth promote stress
and contribute to scours outbreaks.
Poor feeding practices also make
calves more susceptible to gut infec
tions and scours.
Most beef calves are born in the
laie winter or early spring, in weather
that promotes stress. On many
ranches, cattle are brought together
for supplemental feeding at this
time and the combined effects of
overcrowding, inclement weather
and unsanitary environment can
result in explosive outbreaks of
diarrhea.
Ranchers should review and up
grade their management practices
constantly to reduce stress on their
animals. Improvement of the con
ditions under which calves are born
and spend their early lives often
will lower the severity and number
of scours cases.
Colostrum Deficiecy. Newborn
calves have almost no antibodies to
prevent infectious diseases. Colos
trum (first milk) provides these
vital antibodies during the first few
hours of life. They can be absorbed
by the calf's intestine for only about
12 hours, hence the first day of life
is a most critical period to protect
the calf against infectious agents.
Colostrum is vital. Fortunately, it
can be preserved by freezing and
kept available to feed week or
orphan calves as required.
Vitamin A deficiency. Scouring
in calves can result from vitamin A
deficiency in the cow during preg
nancy. This condition usually is
seen in conjunction with more severe
clinical signs involving other births
in the herd, such as abortions,
retained placenta and the birth of
blind, deformed or weak calves.
Vitamin A problems can be ex
pected when poor quality hay must
be fed to pregnant cattle over a
long period. Vitamin A may be
administered to the pregnant cow
via the feed or by intramuscular
injection. The response often is
dramatic and the expense is not
ereat.
iNutritional Inflences. The ration
cows received during gestation has
a significant influence on viability
and disease resistance of newborn
calves. Adequate digestable nutrients
and protein requirements should
be satisfied; cows should be well
fed but not fat.
Annual bull tour set for April 14
The 39th annual Wasco County Bull Tour, co-sponsored by the
Wasco County Extension Service and the Wasco County Livestock
Association, is set for Thursday, April 14, 1988. A full day of bull
grading and management evaluation, and other education activities are
planned.
Meet at Mid-Columbia Livestock
Acution, The Dalles
Leave Auction Yard
Collect tour-goers at Maupin City
Park
Earl Smith-Maupin Butte Ranch
Ivar PihI-Antelope Ranch
Lunch at Smith Ranch-will be
available from The Dalles Chamber
of Commerce at J3.50 per person.
Earl Smith Ranch(Bennett Road)
Lanny Metteer(Eldon Borthwick
Ranch)
Roy&Lowell Forman (Indian
Creek Road)
Earl Bates-Norstar Cattle
Company
The Famous Steak Barbeque-
served at $6 per person. Music
entertainment for dancing and lis
tening will be provided by "Coun
trified". Special guests on the tour will iclude: Bill ZoIlinger-OSU Extension
Beef Specialist; Dean Frischknecht-Retired OSU Extension Specialist
and Don Gomes. Sr.-First Vice President Oregon Cattleman's Associa
tion. There will be a weight-estimating contest with valuable prizes. This
popular popular tour is open to everyone.
7:30 a.m.
8 a.m.
8:45 a.m.
Stop 1 9:45-10:45 a.m.
Stop 2 11-11:45 a.m.
Stop 3 Noon-1 p.m.
1-1:45 p.m.
Stop 4 2-2:30 p.m.
Stop 5 2:45-3:34 p.m.
Stop 6 4:15-5:15 p.m.
5:30
A deficiency of phosphorus in
the ration can contribute to scour
ing in young calves. The ratio of
calcium to phosphorus should be
on the order of 2:1. Mineral sup
plements should be fed to provide
adequate amounts and proper ratio
of these major mineral elements.
Mineral supplementation should
be adjusted to the major source of
available winter roughage. Deficien
cy of tracy mineral elements such
as selenium and copper may occur
and influence general herd health
and thus susceptibility to disease.
In areas where selenium injections
even though cows have been treated
before calving. Trace elements
should be added to the mineral
supplements if you have determined
that their deficiency is contributing
to poor health and weak calves.
Milk Scours. Excessive milk con
sumption by young calves may
contribute to scours outbreaks in
some herds. Undigested milk par- .
tides overload the intestines and
promote the growth of bacteria
that contribute to scouring.
A slight reduction in the cow's
feed intake for a few days following
calving will limit milk production
and may assist in the control of
scours in newborn calves. Cows
should be on full feed by two weeks
after calving. This practice will
assure adequate milk production
for the calf and provide sufficient
nutrients for early rebreeding of
the cows.
Umbilical infections. When births
occurs, the navel cord is broken
and remains wet and spongy for
several hours. During this time
microorganisms can enter into inter
nal organs of the calf if the cord is
not treated with a germicide. Scour
ing is one of many disease signs
that can result from navel infec- j
tions. Disinfection of the umbilical
stump soon after birth is very impor
tant. A liberal application of strong
tincture of iodine is effective and .
inexpensive.
Coliform Scours. Coliform scours i
is perhaps the most common and
most difficult diarrhea to handle.
The disease is caused by bacterial
organisms that normally live in the
intestinal tract but have become
disease causing because of lack of
body defenses. Coliforms multiply
with great speed and if their number
becomes excessively high, or w hen
they occur outside thegut. they can
cause disease. The feces of calves
with coliform scours usually are
fluid and light colored, and may
become blood-tingled. Two-day-old
calves can become infected.
The hair coat becomes rough, the
nose is dry and crusty and the eyes
are sunken. Dehydration and secon
dary pneumonia are common. Death
losses can be high. Coliform scours
are hard to control, but the number
of infected animals can be reduced
by sanitation and isolation of
infected calves.
Enterotoxemia. In young calves,
enterotoxemia usually is caused by
colstridium perfingens Type C. Vac
cination can be effective when proper
ly administered and should be done
in areas where tnerotoxemia is pre
sent. Although scouring is not an
outstanding clinical sign, it may
occur late in the course of the dis
ease. When enterotoxemia is
involved, a cattleman usually will
find one or more of the his best,
fastest-growing calves dead. Post
morttem examinations of these
calves usually will reveal severe
hemorrhages in the intestines. Preven
tion of this disease is the only effec
tive method of control.
Virus Infectious. Several viruses
are known to cause diarrhea in
calves. This undoubtedly will become
a large and complex field as more is
, known about viral diseases. Virus
' infection is now known to affect
coliform scours incidence and losses
and to be a direct cause of certain
other forms of calf scours. Viruses
do not respond to antibiotic therapy
but may be controlled by vaccina
tion. One viral vaccine now avail
able protect newborns calves against
a specific virus diarrhea. Research
may provide additional vaccines to
protect against other viruses in the
near future. Usually viral diarrhea
in cattle is relatively mild, but
damage to the gut lining may allow
entry of bacteria which are always
present in the gut. Tests should be
made by the diagnostic laboratory
to determine if viruses are contri
buting to a scours outbreak.
Coccidiosis is an important para
sitic disease of calves and is quite
widespread. It usually occurs in
calves over three weeks of age. The
outstanding sign is a profuse blood
streaked diarrhea. Since the lower
bowel is mainly affected, the blood
in the feces is quite red. The rear
legs and tail are usually soiled with
blood and manure. The parasite
spends most of it life cycle in the
intestinal lining cells and destroys
them. Response to treatment
depends upon the number of cells
affected. If the infection is extremely
heavy and most of the lining cells
are destroyed, the animal will not
make a satisfactory recovery. Diag
nosis usually can be made by micro
scopic examination of feces. Treat
ment by one or a combination of
intestinal sulfa drugs is specific and
has been most satisfactory. Prev
ention consists mainly in isolation
and sanitation.
In our next issue we will have
Part III Control and Treatment
of Calf Scours. For further infor
mation on contact the Warm Springs
Extension office at 553-1 161. ext.
238.
brought another unheard-of item
to the New World the orange! In
fact, one great explorer demanded
that Spain's sailors each carry 100
orange seeds to plant in American
soil.
Orange Chicken Puebla marries
Old World taste with New World
ease as it's a one-skillet affair and
calls for convenient frozen concen
trated orange juice. A lucious sauce
of orange juice, chicken broth and
condiments blankets tender chicken
breasts which have been boned and
skinned. A- buttery-textured avo
cado and tahgy tomato slices add
extra flavor and eye appeal. This
wholesome yet sophisticated dish
is excellent with fluffy rice and a
crisp salad for either family or
guests.
Chick Aztec is another attractive
dish that's a delight to the eye as
well as the taste buds. And it's a
one-skillet meal in itself, too.
Homey ingredients such as orange
juice, potatoes and onions are joined
with an interesting combination of
prunes and pimento-stuffed green
lives. The contrast of sweet and
savroy flavors and varied colors
make for a meal that will have us
taking our hats off to those fabu
lous Mexican cooks who inspired
it.
Chicken Aztex
1 chicken (2'2 to 3 pounds), cut in
pieces
Vi teaspoon salt
Vt teaspoon pepper
2 tablespoons butter or margarirv
4 medium potatoes, peeled and
cubed (about 2 cups)
2 cups sliced onion
Vt cup pitted prunes . (
' V5 cup sliced pimento-stuffed green
olvies
2 bay leaves
Vi cup frozen concentrated orange
juice, thawed, undiluted
1 cup water
Wash and dry chicken pieces; ,
sprinkle with salt and pepper. In
large skillet, melt butter over
medium heat; brown chicken on
both sides. Add potatoes, onions.,
prunes, olives, bay leaves, concen
trated orange juice and water.
Cover, cook 30 minutes. Uncover,
cook 15 minutes longer or until ,
chicken is tender. Serves 4.
Change is for the good
Change a small word, yet all
that we do revolves around this
one, six-letter word. Some thoughts
about change:
1. Change is inevitable. We are
changing, whether we like it or not.
Some change is physical and obvious,
as in aging. Other change is subtle
and takes many years.
2. Change can be positive and
negative. It seems obvious that
some people change for the better-
an overweight person shedding
, 4. Change is most satisfying when
the individual chooses to change.
At times, change is forced upon us.
We may receive ultamatums from
family friends, others. But if we
choose to change, such as making a
New Year's resolution and sticking
to it, then the change is very satisfy
ing. 5. Everyone has blind spots. Others
see things about us that are not in
our awareness. To become more
aware of our "blind spots" we can
pounds, for example. However, for , ask 0,hers t0 helP us 10 see what we
some change may be negative, such
as a child learning to be destructive
and perhaps becoming a criminal.
3. Change is a choice. Many
have heard the saying "not making
a decision is making a decision."
Choosing to change is a conscious,
rational choice. Choosing not to
change is also a conscious, rational
choice What's important is why
we would choose to change or not
to change.
could change. But remember, it
you ask, you need to be willing to
listen.
6. Significant change comes in
behaviors, not just in beliefs. You
may sincerely believe you should
lose weight but you may not do it.
Speaking about the belief will not
suffice. If you mean it, act on it.
Remember: Change causes pain;
pain causes thought; thought causes
wisdom; wisdom endures.
Store winter clothes carefully
As you pack winter clothing for
storage over the spring and summer,
avoid being careless. Keep in mind
that how you store cold weather
clothes will determine what shape
these items will be in when winter
comes again.
Even if a garment looks clean it
should still be laundered or dry
cleaned depending on what the
care label instructs.
Garments may be soiled with
body oil or unnoticed spills that
will cause spotty yellow discolora
tion if the item is stored without
cleaning.
The other danger comes from
moths, silverfish or crickets. These
insects are attracted to clothes that
have food, perspiration, or other
organic matter left on them.
Most people think insects have a
fondness only for wool, but soiled
synthetics also provide a meal-time
haven for these pests. Starch also
attracts insects. If clothes are to be
stored, dont use starch on them
after laundering.
h
If possible, press freshly laun
dered garments destined for stor
age. Permanent press fabrics in
storage may become permanently
wrinkled it lett stored in a crumpled
state for several months.
Be sure to follow manufacturer's
care instructions. Youtakeachance
if you wash a garment that says
"Dry Clean Only." Some wool, for
example, can be hand washed with
very gentle handling in lukewarm
water with a mild detergent. But
wet wool is weaker than dry wool, I
u iniaiiaiiuilllg VUUIU UdllllC IIIC
fibers. When wool is not washed
and dried properly, it will shrink
and felt. A moth-proof finish can
be applied during the dry-cleaning I
process that w ill protect wool clothes
during storage.
Certain types of silk can be washed
under proper conditions, if direc- I
tions specify hand laundering. But '
some silk dyes may bleed, or the
fabric could shrink or lose its tex-
ture in water.
i