Spilyay Tymoo
Warm Springs, Oregon
July 31, 1987 PAGE 5
You can live very well on less
; It's possible to live a good life
with less money, but it takes plan
ning and the agreement of all mem
ber i of the household, and living
!with lest it never easy. In the eco
nomic turmoil of the I980's sudden
drops in family income are not
uncommon. Financial distress can
result from a variety of circum
stances; job layoff, business clo
tures, loss of support from a spouse
and low farm commodity prices, to
name just a few.
If economic misfortune strikes
you or your family in the form of
reduced income there are a number
of steps you can take to minimize
the hardship.
First, don't panic. Your most
valuable asset is you your resource
fullness, your creativity, your deter
mination. Don't squander your ener
gies by giving in to the impulse to
fianic. Next take stock of your fam
ly resources. The difference between
what you own and what you owe
may not be as frightening when
you take into account all of your
assets.
On the other hand if your family
has lost a major source of income,
you may quickly discover you don't
have enough projected income to
cover your current fixed obliga
tions or to pay necessary living
expenses. If this is the case, some
difficult decisions must be made.
Recognize whether the situation
is temporary or long term. If it's
temporary, you might delay pur
chases or payments and use credit
to deal with the cash flow problem.
But if the situation is going to last
more than a month or so, it will
take definite changes in lifestyle.
One must also consider losses in
benefits, such as health and medi
cal insurance, as well as the dollar
income lost if reduced income is a
result of being unemployed.
Establish spending priorities.
Food, shelter, and essential utili
ties should always be at the top of
the list. List all bills, current and
past due. Make a tentative plan of
now to deal with each bill whether
you will pay it in full or make a
partial payment.
Don't be afraid to talk to the
Keople to whom you owe money,
ealize that your creditors want
you to do well so that you can pay
your debts. They may be willing to
re-adjust payment schedules in order
to help you. Most do not really
want to repossess your house, car
or applicances.
You might look at expenditures
in three categories I) necessity; 2)
important only if there's enough
money; and, 3) not essential until
there is more money.
Then put your survival skills
into practice. Think about elimi
nating expenses for luxuries you
can do without. Instead of eating
out, entertain with potluck meals.
Discover free entertainment, such
as public parks, classes and free
community activities. Save by buy
ing generic or less expensive brands
of food and clothing. Check out
books from the library or read
magazines there instead of buying
them. Look for opportunities in
used merchandise rather than buy
ing new clothing, furniture and
gifts. Try barter and cost-sharing
by carpooling or trading babysit
ting services. You may have to
temporarily do without new clo
thing, replacement appliances, gifts,
and paid recreation. Take advan
tage of community and govern
ment resources. Don't be ashamed
to accept government aid when
Weight loss do's and don'ts
; Americans are probably the most
weight conscious people in the world.
But due to the conveniences of
modern day American life, we're
also the most underexercised and
overfed. As a nation, we spend bil
lions of dollars each year on diet
books and weight loss programs.
In fact, last year 62 percent of all
Americans went on a diet at least
once. Unfortunately, four out of
five people who diet eventually
regain the weight they lost.
Men and women who want to
lose weight must distinguish between
fact and fiction among the vast
quantity of information and advice
available to them. It's an often con
fusing and sometimes frustrating
task.
Here are some practical tips to
help you in planning a safe and
successful weight loss program:
Do consult a physician, dietitian
or certified nutritionist before begin
ning any weight loss program. ,
Don't g9 on a fad diet. Dramatic
weight loss that stays off cannot be
achieved overnight through crash
diets that require you to eat unus
ual amounts of one food or another.
These diets are nutritionally unba
lanced, and there may be some
serious health risks associated with
them. Do look at the certification
of the author of the diet plan.
Do set realistic goals. Losing one
to two pounds per week is a safe
and reasonable goal.
Don't fast. Fasting can rob the
body of basic nutrients, and the
weight that is lost is water weight.
Do drink several glasses of water
during the day. Water has no calo
ries and helps your body process
the food vou eat.
Don't take water pills or diuret
ics. They merely dehydrate the body.
By taking them, the body loses
only water, not fat. When you stop
taking the pills, the water and
pounds return. In addition, you
may disrupt proper muscle func
tioning in the body.
Do control alcohol consumption.
Ten to 20 percent of the daily calo
ries of Americans who drink come
from alcoholic beverages.
Don't start your weight loss pro
gram during vacation time or around
the holidays. Realize this will be an
especially difficult time to lose
weight.
Do exercise. You don't have to
be a serious athlete, but daily exer
cise will help you look better and
feel better. Skip the escalator and
walk up that fight of stairs. Leave
your car at home and jog to the
store.
Don't skip meals. Eat three meals
a day. If you skip breakfast or
lunch, you may overcompensate
later in the day, which is the worst
time to load up on calories.
Don't shop for food on an empty
stomach. Make your shopping list
in advance and avoid impulse pur
chases. Dont give up your favorite foods.
Eat small amounts of them instead.
Don't weight yourself every day.
Once every two weeks is sufficient.
Losing weight takes time, so don't
open the door to discouragement.
And don't give up if you slip.
Nobody's perfect. All is forgiven so
start again. The results are worth a
.second try.
Show love to children
Parents show love for their children
by doing things for them' and with
them. They make them eat food
which is "good for them,'' go to bed
early, or wear coats when it's rainy
or cold. Children do not always see
this as loving. They want to eat
what they like, stay up late, and run
outside without coats. Parents and
caretakers want to help children do
the best thing and they need to do it
in ways that children can understand.
Perhaps the best way to express
love is with a warm, friendly smile.
Words also get across the message
of love. Some words that show love
are:
"You did a fine job."
"I'm glad you're my kid."
"You are such a kind boy."
"I love you."
"Mommy's proud of you."
"You are so beautiful."
"You learned that in a hurry."
"You remembered everything."
Sometimes it helps to listen to
other parents talk to their children.
Do they sound as if they love their
child? You can ask yourself whether
a stranger would think you loved
your child if she heard the things
you say and the words you use.
An important way to show children
you love them is to frequently give
them your full attention. Read them
a story or play with them. When
they have things they want to tell
you, listen patiently and carefully.
Ask questions about what they are
telling you.
you really need it. We are all inclined
to think government assistance pro
grams are for the other guy. On the
contrary, those programs are there
to help people when they need it
most.
Would it be useful to clean the
attic, garage, or basement, and sell
or trade what you don't need or
won't want in the future? Dont
part with items that you would
consider a great financial or emo
tional loss.
Look at part-time work oppor
tunities in your community as a
way of earning extra income or is it
possible that another family member
could find a job? If the income
change is permanent or if work is
not available, you may need to
consider relocation or retraining.
And above all, when economic
hardship strikes, dont blame your
self. Chances are it's not your fault.
In these complicated economic times
we are all, to some extent, subject
to circumstances beyond our con
trol. However, this does not mean
you are helpless. Divert your ener
gies from self blame to positive
action using all the resources at
your command.
Durable fabric
a must for
children's clothes
Choosing fabric for children's
clothes? Remember that children
give their clothes a good workout,
no matter what the weather or
season.
The fabric should be colorfast
and washable, durable, sturdy, and
easy to care for; soil, wrinkle, stain,
and shrink resistant, and, of course,
comfortable.
Consider buying flame-resistant
fabric for children's sleepware, the
specialist adds.
Select designs carefully. Keep
the design dimensions in propor
tion to the child's size. Choose
small designs, stripes, and plaids.
Don't overpower the child.
Let your children take part in
selecting their clothing. Pick sev
eral patterns and fabrics, and then
let your youngsters make the final
decision.
The Warm Springs Extension
Service provides equal access to
all its activities and programs.
OREGON 5TATG UNIVERSITY
ecreiMsioN
SGRVICG
Eralna Palmer Secretary
Jonl David Program Aide
Arlene Bolleau Extension Intern
Mollle Marsh Extension Agent
Clay Penhollow Extension
Agent
Tips for wasp control
Nosy yellow jackets and other
wasps can make summer outings a
real pain. Barbeques and picnics
tend to attract these pests, espe
cially if they have nests near the
area where the activity is taking
place.
These stinging insects can be
more than a mere annoyance. Their
sting can cause allergic reactions in
some people, and even death to
persons who are allergic to wasp or
yellow-jacket stings.
Wasps, unlike bees, can sting
many times. Bees sting only once
because they leave the stinger in the
person or animal attacked.
Wasps commonly nest in trees,
large bushes, on the exteriors of
buildings, in spaces in walls, on
roofs, and in small holes in the
ground. Nests may be made of mud
or paper depending on the type of
wasp. Paper nests as large as a bas
ketball have been found in shrubs
and trees around home landscapes.
Control of these pests involves
the use of insecticides or traps.
I nsecticides registered for wasp con
trol usually contain Sevin. diazinon
or pyrcthrin. Several of these pro
ducts are sold in pressurized cans;
others are available as wettable
powders or liquids from which a
spray can be prepared.
Nests should be treated after
dark when the wasps have retired
for the night. Be careful if flash
lights or lanterns are used because
yellow jackets may be aroused by
the light and leave the nest. Treat
the nest with insecticide following
label directions.
If the nest cannot be located,
traps containing an attractant may
be the next best control. Commer
cially prepared traps can be found
at most nursery and garden stores.
Place traps away from scenes of
outdoor activity so they draw the
wasps away from people.
Pruning can causesunburn
Summer pruning of ornamental
tree and shrubs, although benefi
cial to landscape plants, has one
minor drawback.
The problem is sunburn. Thin
ning trees and shrubs, along with
removal or water sprouts and
suckers, takes away some of the
foliage of these plants, which in
turn exposes inner foliage to direct
sunlight.
The result may be a drying out
and some wilting of this inner
foliage. Homeowners who do some
tree and shrub pruning in June or
become alarmed.
There is no cause for panic. The
drying and wilting of leaves on
recently pruned plants means those
leaves will be lost. But usually new
leaves will come on to replace
them. The loss of a few leaves due
to sunburn doesn't mean the plant
is in danger of dying.
In time, the tree or shrub will
recover. Just remember that hot
summer weather is hard on land
scape plants and don't prune dur
ing especially hot periods.
As a rule, it is advised against
July may notice this sunburn effect any pruning of landscape plants
oh Vheir landscape plants arid during August.' '" "'
i
Summer heat makes fleas hop
Hungry fleas hop into many a
home during late summer. These
tiny, but hungry, pests will gladly
move right into your home if you
don't control them before they get
a the chance.
Fleas are small, brown, jumping,
parasitic insects that are very thin
from side to side. They infest pets
and certain wild animals and are
likely to be present in lawns as well
as other outdoor areas. Fleas gain
access to households by traveling
in on pets cats and dogs.
The problem with adult fleas, of
course, is that they suck blood
causing irritating bites.
The dog flea is the most common
flea on cats and dogs in Oregon
and is the species that bothers
humans in infested homes.
In the larval stage, the flea is
tiny, slender and wormlike. Hot
weather intensifies flea reproduc
tion by shortening the time period
required for flea larvae to mature
into adults.
For flea control Sevin dust or
spray, the diazinon spray are regis
tered for use on lawns, building
foundations and entryways.
For best results in treating lawns,
first mow the lawn and dispose of
the clippings. Spray or dust follow
ing label directions. Do not water
the lawn for at least two days.
Repeat treatment at one or two
week intervals until the flea prob
lem subsides.
Observe all label directions when
using any insecticides. .
Five-year-olds are happy people Some foods cannot be frozen
Five-year-olds are generally hap
py people who find themselves satis
fying. They find life appealing as
they bubble with affection and coope
ration. But as with previous plea
sant stages the mood changes at
about age 5lA when a fresh set of
strong demands and emotional up
heavals affect their behavior. They
seem to want too much, try things
that are too difficult, and make
new claims on the center of atten
tion. Children approaching six feel
pressured by themselves and others
to act more grown-up then they
really are.
During the fifth year, well-developed
motor skills allow children
to perform more complicated tasks
like riding a two-wheel bike. Better
eye-hand coordination lets them
lace and tie shoes and handle a
knife more easily.
Initiative, or planning and organi
zing, is characteristic of this age.
Their plans and routines in the
bathroom may not be familiar to
you, but the main thing is they have
something in mind for getting the
job done. Efficiency comes a bit
later.
Five-year-olds reach a new level
of cooperation in play with others.
Most of them are happy, successful
group participants.
Socially, five-year-olds have made
great progress in learning what is
"right" to say and do. They are
more sympathetic toward others
and usually in control of their emo
tions. They enjoy their independ
ence and like to be given responsi
bility for running simple errands.
Although fives can distinguish
between what is true and false, they
may exaggerate or tell "tall tales."
Preschoolers deal with a shakey
sense of reality and many unknowns.
Was it real or wasnt it? It is mine or
isn't it?
Five-year-olds talk a lot! They
are very curious and constantly ask
how, what, when, and where. Their
interest in exploring words is rapidly
expanding. They ask, "What does
this say?" It's time-consuming for
you, but learning words is a power
ful accomplishment for fives.
Clocks and telling time become a
new source of interest. They have
little concept of next week or next
month, but, when the clock hands
are straight up and down, it's time
for dinner.
Children of this age are inter
ested in everything from the smal
lest leaf to the biggest machinery.
Satisfy this yearning to see and
touch things in yoursurroundings a
walk in the woods, a trip to the
coast or watch street construction.
Collect and save objects from their
excursions for stories and books.
Most foods freeze well, but there
are some foods which are not recom
mended for freezer. When these
foods are frozen, unfavorable cha
racteristics develop:
Cooked egg whites become tough.
Sour cream separates.
Light cream, yogurt and but
termilk lose texture.
Custard pies, cream pudding and
filling become watery and lumpy.
Icing made with egg whites become
frothy.
Mayonnaise separates.
Unbalanced vegetables undergo
flavor or texture changes after a
few weeks of storage. Always blanch
vegetables.
Some seasonings intensify when
frozen, so a food rule of thumb is to
underseason for freezing; add sea
soning to taste when heating for
serving.
Green onions, lettuce, salad greens,
radishes and tomatoes undergo tex
ture and flavor changes when frozen.
Cloves, garlic, black pepper and
synthetic vanilla often become stron
ger during freezer storage.
Casserole toppings should be
added after the item is taken from
the freezer. .
Pasta and rice dishes should be
undercooked before freezing.
Gelatin mixtures should be made
stiffer than usual to lessen the
chance of separating.
Thoroughly combine flour and
fat in sauces and gravies. These
foods may appear curdled while
thawing, but will usually recom
bine when stirred.
New potatoes are better than
mature potatoes in most frozen
dishes. Mature potatoes tend to
disintegrate or become watery when
boiled and then frozen.
Do not freeze stuffing in raw or
cooked poultry.
The fat in cream separates out
during freezing, but separation may
be discouraged by adding sugar.
Sweetened cream or cream with fat
separation does not whip after freez
ing; however it is satisfactory for
use in cooking.
Help pre ven t finicky eaters
Turfgrass seeding book available
A new reference publication list
ing "Turfgrass Seeding Recommen
dations for the Pacific Northwest"
is now available from the Oregon
State University Extension Service.
The publication, developed by
agronomists and horticulturists from
OSU, Washington State Univer
sity and the University of Idaho, is
designed for managers of golf course,
parks, sports fields and other areas
using turfgrasses for soil stabiliza
tion or landscaping.
The blends and mixtures listed
in the publication are current recom
mendations for homeowners, seed
companies, salesmen and turfgrass
managers. Recommendations for
seeding rates by variety are given in
tables for Western Oregon and
Washington and tor Idaho, East
ern Oregon and Eastern Washington.
The publication was written by
T.W. Cook, OSU associate profes
sor of horticulture; R.D. Ensign,
Idaho professor of agronomy, and
R.L. Goss, Extension agronomist;
S.E. Brauen, turf science associate,
and W.J. Johnston, assistant pro
fessor of agronomy, all of WSU.
Copies of "Turfgrass Seeding
Recommendations for the Pacific
Northwest," PNW 299, are availa
ble from the Extension Services in
Oregon, Washington and Idaho.
Oregon residents may order copies
from Agricultural Communications
Publications Order. OSU, Corval
lis 9733 1 , for 75 cents plus 25 cents
for shipping and handling.
Will your child turn into a fin
icky eater? There are some family
eating behaviors that indicate the
possibility of feeding problems with
children. .
If mom or dad is a finicky eater,
it is more likely that the child will
be also. In a recent study of child
ren's eating habits, feeding prob
lem scores and unwillingness to try
new foods were related to the par
ents' finickiness.
If mom prods the child to eat
and offers rewards for good eating
while punishing the child for eating
poorly, the child is more likely to
develop feeding problems.
On the other hand, the study
showed the children exposed to a
variety of foods are less likely to
have feeding problems.
Many food-related problems can
be prevented by understanding how
children grow and develop.
Parents shouldnt confuse mess
iness. slowness, and food "jags' with
problems such as inadequate intake
of nutritious foods and overcon
sumption of sweets
Remember that a very young
child does not have the muscle
coordination to be a neat eater. In
young children, expect a certain
amount of exploring how foods
feels. Let the child explore for a lew
minutes and then clean up the mess
and start another activity. Finger
painting with mashed potatoes may
be cute at 12 months, but it is not
cute or acceptable at 24 months.
As children learn to feed them
selves there will be spills. To pre
vent problems from developing,
feed children in an easy-to-clean
area and clean up in a matter-of-fact
manner. If vou react nega
tively to spills, the child may make
a game out of being messy or use
the behavior to get your attention.
Expose the toddler to as many
foods as possible. He or she may
not accept a new food at the first
introduction, but will after it becomes
familiar. Take time to talk about
shape, color, smell, and other inte
resting things about new foods.
Mealtimes should be relaxed but
when the child gets full or tired or
begins to play, it is time to end the
meal. Remove the uneaten food,
clean up the child and the area, and
begin something new. And it is not
a good idea to offer sweets between
meals.
Consistency is very important,
but some problems may develop
no matter what you do. Research
on families with children 2-7 years
old. showed that children who had
other behavior problems such as
acting out or fearfulness also scored
higher on the feeding problems
measure.
Parents can help children estab
lish good eating habits by having
realistic expectations and being fair,
firm, and consistent in their own
behaviors.
4-H Leader and Parent Association Meeting
Monday, August 3rd at 5:15 p.m. at the 4-H Center
Purpose: Discuss (1) Jefferson and Wasco County Fairs
Entries and Floats
(2) State Fair Participation
This is an important meeting please attend.