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SlMLYAY TYMOO
WAKM S1KIN(;S, OKKCON 97761
May 22, 1987 I
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Control tent caterpillers early
An unfortunate event that closely
follows the appearance of new leaves
or ornamental trees and shrubs
each spring is the appearance of
tent caterpillars.
They are commonly found cn
fruit trees, rose bushes, willows,
cottonwoods, birches, alders and
other ornamentals.
These pest feed on leaves and
can be a serious problem in unsprayed
orchards and in ornamental trees
that don't a receive regular spray
program. At their worst, tent cater
pillars are capable of completely
stripping a tree of its leaves. Although
this won't kill the tree, it makes it
more susceptible to damage from
diseases.
Currently, serious infestations of
tent caterpillars have been reported
in some areas of western Washington.
Because tent caterpillars are color
ful insects, they are not difficut to
identify. They are hairy and about
one-and-a-half inches long when
full grown. They have brown bodies
rows of blue and yellow spots on
the back.
.Tent caterpillars eggs start hatch
ing when the weather warms up in
Mid-April. As they hatch, the cater
pillars feed on nearby leaves and
begin forming a webbing in which
they spend a great deal of time,
especially at night.
During the day the caterpillars
leave the web to feed on nearby
leaves. As they eat the leaves close
to the nest, they move farther away.
Applying control measures early
is most effective because that way
you'll catch most of thecaterpillars
near the webbing.
Tent caterpillars can be controlled
by pruning or spraying with insec
ticides. Single nests can be cut out
of a tree or shrub and burned.
If the infestation is heavy or hard
to reach, spraying is the best method.
Several common insecticides are
recommended. Malathion, diazinon,
Orthene and Sevin arc registered
for use against tent caterpillars.
Sevin should not be used around
flowering plants because bees may
carry the residue back to the hive
and destroy the whole bee colony.
All these sprays are best used in
the early morning or late evening
when temperatures are lower and
bees are less active. Evening and
rly morning are also the best time
to spray or prune because the cater
pillars tend to congregate in the
web overnight.
OREGON 5TATG UNIVERSITY
GXTGNSION
SGRVICG
Eralna Palmer Secretary
Jonl David Program Aide
Arlene Bolleau Extension Intern
Mollle Marsh Extension Agent
Extension
Agent
The Warm Springs Extension
Service provides equal access to Clay Penhollow
all its activities and programs.
Students attend Salem conference
Oregon 4-H members including
Bridgctte Scott. Roy Tulce, Lisa
Briseno. Lois Tewee. Alfrcdine
Smith, Gabriel Sohappy recently
participated in the 4-H Know Your
State Government Conference held
recently in Salem.
The 93 4-H delegates who partic
ipated in the conference met state
t ' If 4 i I I i I I f Ih ,
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officials and learned about how the
state government operates.
"The high point of the confer
ence was meeting with our Senator
Ken Jernstedt and Governor
Goldschmidt,"said Bridgette Scott
a 4-H member from Warm Springs.
"It was exciting to practice debat
ing issues and writing bills just like
our state legislators," reported Lois
Tewee from Warm Springs. "I under
stand the legislative hearings and
the process of how a bill becomes a
law so much better after this
conference."
Joni David Extension 4-H Youth
aide with 4-H responsibilities reports
that the Know Your State Govern
ment conference is just one of the
ways 4-H members can increase
their citizenship and community
involvement. Many of these 4-H
members are active in their com
munities and are working to improve
the communities in which they live.
The Know Your State Govern
ment conference is a citizenship
program sponsored by Oregon State
University and the Extension
Service.
TheJOM Committee sponsored
these young adults.
Register now for camp
The Extension office is now
accepting applications for 4-H
camp.
"Fun in the Sun" Camp, at
Roundlake, will be June 22 to 27.
Cost is $25. 4-Hers will be taken to
camp and parents must pick up
their child Saturday, June 27.
Camp Morrow will be held June
23 to 27 at Camp Morrow near
Wamic. Cost is $30. 4-Hers will be
taken to camp and parents must
pick up their child June 27.
These camps fill very quickly. It
is advised that you contact Joni
David at 553-1 161, ext. 238 or 239
as soon as possible.
Safe lawn mowing tips
Spilyny Tymoo photo by Miller
Sod helps to establish lawn from seed
Planning to install a home lawn?
There are two ways to get the job
done. You can plant seed and wait
six to eight weeks for the turf to
become established, or you can
take a shortcut and put in a sod
lawn.
Sodding is the best solution where
growing a lawn from seed would be
diffcult or impossible.
Lawn sod does best when correctly
installed. Site preparation and
choice of grass variety are also
important. Be sure to choose a
grass that is suited to local growing
conditions.
Rototill, grade, fertilize, roll and
rake the area where the sod will be
planted. Slope the area so water
will drain away from the house.
Containers offer gardening alternate
Lack of yard space needn't keep
you from growing a vegetable
garden. Many home gardeners grow
vegetables successfully in containers.
Container gardening basically
means turning a patio, porch, bal
cony or windowsill into a small but
productive garden.
The only drawback is that where
garden space is limited, vegetable
selection is also more limited than
is the case for a regular garden. For
example, growing corn on a bal
cony may not be practical. How
ever, many other crops do work
well in container gardens. Tomoa
toes, peppers, eggplant, carrots,
beans, squash, radishes, watermelon,
chard and spinach are possibilities.
Dwarf and minature varieties when
they are available and if they are
adapted to local growing condi
tions. Vine crops can be put in
hanging baskets or trained verti
cally on stakes or railings.,
The amount of sunlight should
determine the choice of crops. Root
crops and leaf crops (beets, tur
nips, lettuce, cabbage, mustard
greens) can tolerate light shade.
Vegetables grown for their fruits,
on the other hand, must have at
least six hours of direct sunlight
each day.
Almost any type of container
can be used. Bushel baskets, metal
drums, gallon cans, plastic tubs,
wooden boxes, flower pots and
cut-off bleach jugs are examples.
The size of the container will
vary according to the crop selec
tion and the space available. Six to
ten-inch pots are good for green
onions, parsley and herbs. For plants
with larger root systems, such as
tomatoes, peppers and eggplant,
five-gallon containers are best.
No matter what type of con
tainer is used, adequate drainage is
a must. We advise placing an inch
of coarse gravel in the bottom of
the container and drilling drain
holes along the side about one-half
inch from the bottom.
Vegetables can be grown from
seed, or they can set in the contain
ers as transplants.
Hedges need a bit of spring care
Even though hedges in the home
landscape are mostly maintenance
free, some spring hedge care is
necessary.
The healthy and attractive hedge
is one that has been fertilized and
pruned regularly.
Hedges are generally trimmed to
promote compact growth and to
make the individual plants making
up the hedge blend with one another.
The best time to trim a hedge is
after the flush of spring growth.
The hedge will hold its desired
shape longer since growth later in
the summer will not be as dramatic.
When shearing the hedge, remem
ber to make the bottom wider than
the top so that light can reach all
the leaves.
Young hedges require an annual
application of a nitrogen fertilizer
to keep foliage a rich green color.
Mature hedges need a complete
fertilizer, such as an 8-8-8 formula
tion, only once every two years.
Follow instructions on the fertil
izer package for application rates.
Tips for bedding plant success
Sod placed directly on subsoil or
worn out topsoil won't thrive. If
more topsoil is needed, grade the
area first, then add the topsoil and
rototill it lightly into the top inch
or so of the planting bed.
' Fertilize the planting area with a
fertilizer that supplies two pounds
of actual element each of nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium per thou
sand square feet.
Remove all trast, rocks and other
debris from the soil surface before
laying the sod. Just before the sod
is delivered, do a final light raking
of the planting bed and pack the
soil suface lightly with a roller
Recommendations are to install
the sod immediately after delivery.
Sod doesn't keep well in a stack.
Establish a straight line through
the length of the area and lay the
sod along it. Irrigate the soil lightly
just before installation. Dry soil
beneath the sod will pull moisture
from the new grass and increases
the risk danger
Fit the pieces of sod together as
tightly as possibly taking care not
stretch or overlap them. This will
prevent air spaces between the sod
sections that cause the roots to dry
out.
Roll the sod after installation to
make sure it is in firm contact with
the soil. Then add a top dressing of
nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of one
pound per thousand square feet
and then water.
Apply enough water to moisten
the sod and the soil below to a
depth of several inches. Keep the
sod moist until the lawn is est-
ablished. During the spring and
summer this may require two or
three waterings a day.
A lawn mower can be a danger
ous machine, particularly if the
individual using the mower is care
less. Unsafe handling of either small
lawn mowers or the larger foul
wheel tractor-type mowers can result
in injury to the operator, or bystan
der. Treat tractor lawn mowers with
the same respect you would show
any four-wheel vehicle such as a
car or truck.
The extension service recommends
the following checklist for safer
operation of both small and tractor
lawn mowers.
For a safer lawn mower:
Inspect the mower for loose nuts
and bolts. Make sure all fuel line
fittings are tight.
Check the mower blade for dull
ness, nicks and imbalance.
Be sure to service the mower
regularly according to instructions
in the owner's manual. If a prob
lem arises take the mower to an
authorized service person.
For safe operation:
Know the rules of safe pperation
recommended for your mower. Read
the owner's manual.
Do not refuel a hot engine. Always
fill the mower gas tank before start
ing to trim the lawn.
Clear the area to be mowed of
children and nets. Do not allow
children to operate the mower.
Always keep hands and feet clear
when starting and operating the
mower.
When mowing, do not pull the
mower towards you, always push
it.
If wheeling the mower from one
surface to another, or if the mower
becomes clogged, turn the mower
engine off. Also stop the engine
and disconnect the spark plug wire
when repairing or cleaning the mo
wer. With a small walk-behind mower,
mow steep slopes sideways. With a
riding mower, mow steep slopes up
and down.
For safe grounds:
Clear the area to be mowed of
rocks, bones, toys or other small
objects that could get caught in the
mower blades.
Try to avoid mowing steep slopes.
Keep loose gravel from nearby
areas off the lawn and keep all sur
faces level that the mower will pass
over.
In addition to these guidelines,
operators of tractor mowers are
advised to look behind before back
ing up the mower, to be careful of
traffic near roadways, to disengage
the mower mechanism before cross
ing drives and walks and to avoid
carrying passengers.
Spilyy Tymoo pMolo by Shnmyk
Warm Springs fisheries biologist Mark Friisch shows students acquatic
insects found in streams.
Planting transplants, whether they
be of the vegetable or flower var
iety, is a quick way to get results in
the garden or flower bed. Here are
some tips for bedding plant success.
Don't plant outside until the sea
son in your area has warmed enough
for the plants to grow.
Select plants that are well
established in their containers, but
are not overgrown. Bedding plants
often transplant better if they are
not yet blooming.
Allow plants to harden off (adjust)
to outside conditions before plant
ing. Bring the plants home and set
them outside in a protected place,
but exposed to temperature and
humidity conditions, for several
days.
Protect the bedding plants roots
from drying until planted.
When planting, set plants at the
the recommended spacing.
Plant in late afternoon or early
evening. Plant into moist soil.
Plant bedding plants at the same
depth at which they were previously
growing.
Retain as much soil on the roots
as possible.
Firm the soil around the roots
when planting, then water.
Protect the young plants from
drying until they are established.
A day or two after planting,
water with a booster fertilizer solu
tion to give the plants a little push.
Young weeds try to take over
shrub and flower beds in the spring.
Keep weeds under control by
hoeing or mulching. The back side
of an iron rake will wipe out young
weed seedlings quickly and etf icient-
Then follow up with an inch or
so of barkdust mulch to shade the
ground. A granular herbicide, Caso
ron, can be used to eliminate weeds
in beds where only woody shrubs
and trees are growing. Be sure to
follow all label directions for use of
this herbicide.
Kids have many needs
Adults are often surprised by the
number and cost of items that a
child may need. Kids often com
plain that their allowance isn't
enough. Parents might consider
having their child keep a record of
the money spent over a two to four
week period to determine exactly
what he or she is spending and how
much money is needed. Kids often
try to convince their parents they
need the same amount of money as
their friend with the biggest allo
wance. Children need to under
stand that their is a relationship
between family income and allo
wance size from the start.
After all necessary costs are
itemized, the child should have a
small additional amount to allow
for some personal choices. If no
additional funds are provided, the
cniid will not have the opportunity
to make financial decisions. The
amount of the allowance should
not be excessive. The purpose is to
teach the child to live within the
constraints of the money available.
The child should be allowed to
make the decisions on purchases.
This does not mean that parents
should not provide guidance. It
does mean that children should
know that they can make choices ,
that the parents' would not recom-!
mend. But children must also know
that parents will not buy them out
of their mistakes. Teenagers also
may be encouraged to earn extra
income outside the home. Two
thirds of the teenage population in
thiscountr ow n stereos, and almost
90 percent own radios.
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District fifth grade students gained resource knowledge during annual field trip to He He. Sponsored by the
Oregon State Extension Service and 509 J District students-acquired geological information from local
geologist Mel A shwiB during the May 15 trip.