c
Spilyay Tymoo
WAKM SPMINCS, OKI-CON 97761
April 10, 1987 Pa 5
How to protect your children from abduction
At the shopping center you see
large posters of missing children
hanging in store windows. Later as
you unpack your groceries you
notice the picture and description
of another missing child on the side
of a milk carton. You snap on the
six o'clock news and listen to stories
of kidnappings and child pornogra
phy rings. You look at your children,
trying to grasp how you would feel
if something happened to them.
How can you protect them, other
than not letting them out of your
sight for the next 18 years.
You can start by teaching your
children how to avoid trouble, how
to spot trouble and what to do if
trouble happens to them. You can
learn the best ways to teach them in
the Justice Department booklet,
How to Protect Children (item
1 70 P, $ 1 .50). To receive this booklet
send your name and address, the
item number and payment toS.M.
Woods, Consumer Information
Center, Pueblo, Colorado 81009.
It is not easy to talk to children
about personal safety and yet they
need to know how to protect them
selves. Some basic knowledge will
increase their confidence and self
reliance. Remember that young
children can't absorb a lot of infor
mation at one time, so don't present
too much.
Teach your children to be wary
of strangers. Make sure they under
stand that a stranger is anyone they
do not know well. Most strangers
are well-meaning and not to be
feared. But because children are
trusting and vulnerable, they can
fall for offers by adults who seem
kind, but are not.
Here are some basic rules to
teach your children about strangers:
Never accept rides, candy, gifts,
money or medicine from a stranger.
Never give your name or address to
a stranger. Never open the door to
anyone you don't know. Never tell
callers that you're home alone. Say
mom or dad cant come to the phone,
and will call back.
Be sure your kids know how to
"play it safe when they are on their
own. Playing in deserted areas such
as the woods, a parking lot, an
alley, deserted buildings, or new
construction isdangcrousand invites
trouble. So have them play as close
to home as possible and use the how to talk to your child about
same saie rouic in traveling 10 ana sexual abuse, and what steps you
from school or a friend's house, should take if there is any question
Make sure they always try to walk about possible abuse.
OREGON 5TATG UNIVERSITY
EXTENSION
SERVICE
with friends, and that they know
homes, stores, or other places to go
when in trouble. Teach your children
that the police officer can't be
located easily, they should run to
or seek out a trusted teacher, a
neighbor, or a friend's parent when
frightened or feeling endangered.
Your children should know their
full name, address including the
city and state, and phone number
including the area code. Teach how
to reach the operator and how to
call long distance.
I low to Protect Children contains
more detailed safety tins for vou
and your children. It also eives ....
information on child molestation. Flail HOW TOT bUmiTier Week
The Warm Springs Extension
Service provides equal access to
II Its activities and programs.
Eralna Palmer Secretary
Jonl David Program Aide
Arlene Bolleau Extension Intern
Mollle Marsh Extension Agent
Clay Penhollow Extension
Agent
How does one survive a tax audit?
The IRS's approach to tax aud
its is straight forward if you put
something down on your return,
you should be able to show how
you arrived at it. Audits are a sim
ple, logical, fact finding process.
There's no mystery about them. If
you can substantiate your deduc
tions, an audit is nothing to fear.
Here are some strategies for indi
viduals who are invited to an audit.
Avoid repetitive audits. If audited
for two years in a row on a particu
lar issue, and both audits results in
no change in your tax bill, you
can't be audited a third year on the
same issue. Ask the IRS to initiate
the "Repetitive Audit Procedure"
to avoid a third consecutive audit.
You must request the procedure
before your first appointment with
the agent.
You may be able to handle the
audit without ever setting a foot in
an IRS office if you do it by mail.
Write the IRS. saying that you
can't attend in person, but that you
are enclosing copies of all your
substantiation for the deductions
that have been questioned.
If you have a story to tell about
something, put that story in writ
ing. Make sure the IRS gets your
letter at least a week before your
scheduled appointment. Never mail
original receipts, cancelled checks
or other records. Send photoco
pies. Provide a telephone number
where you can be reached during
the day.
If you cant get your proof together
by the appointment time, call to
schedule a new appointment. You
dont have to keep the first appoint
ment you are given, but must call
to reschedule it before the appoint
ment date. If you don't call, your
case could be put through auto
matically and youU get a "defi
ciency notice" in the mail.
Take to the audit only the infor
mation the IRS asks to see. While
audits usually don't go beyond the
items checked off in the notifica
tion letter, the agent isn't precluded
from questioning other areas of
your return. You have a better
chance of limiting the scope of that
audit to the checked off items when
you take only the minimum required
information.
Prepare a worksheet and an adding
machine tape showing how the fig
ures add up to the deductions you've
claimed. Present your proof in the
order the deductions are claimed
on your return. Where you esti
mated a figure, state clearly that it
was and estimated, and show how
you arrived at it.
Go by yourself to a simple audit.
Audits aren't complicated, if you
have proof of your deductions.
You can likely state your case bet
ter than a professional representa
tive when the tax issues are compli
cated or legal issues are involved or
you are in such a panic about the
audit that you can't think straight.
If you have reason to believe you
do not want a particular auditor,
you have a right to request a differ
ent one. Talk this over with your
accountant or attorney, well before
the audit. By all means, keep good
records.
It is not too early to begin plan
ning to attend the 73rd annual 4-H
Summer Week at Oregon State
University in June. All Warm
Springs students in grades 8 through
12 are eligible to attend the annual
event on the OSU campus in Cor
vallis. Dates for the 1987 program
are June IS to 20.
"Towards the 90's Personal De
velopmentAwareness of Self is
the theme of the this year's pro
gram which will feature more than
90 different classes taught by OSU
faculty members, 4-H volunteers
and representatives of Oregon bus
iness, industries and governmental
agencies.
Partial scholarships are availa
ble to assist young people from
Warm Springs who wish to attend.
Registration materials will be dis
tributed to students by mail in
March, and will also be available at
the Warm Springs Extension office.
Disease linked to vitamin deficiency
April beef management tips given
Remember that these are sug
gested management practices based
on a spring calving herd. The tim
ing of these practices may not fit all
operations and therefore, livestock
owners should use only those which
are appropriate to their situation
for that time period.
Continue proper mineral and
vitamin, supplementation including
selenium in those areas where it is
needed. Provide adequate phospho
rus during the breeding season as it
has an effect on reproduction.
Flush feed replacement heifers
two to three weeks prior to breed
ing, if economically feasible.
Start breeding heifers about four
weeks before the rest of the cow
herd.
Lice control use a pour-on or
ivermectic if deworming is also
needed. Consider which is more
economical since the use of a pour
on and a paste may be cheaper, yet
more time consuming.
Calf management eartag, tatoo
and brand for identification; dehorn;
castrate bull calves; implants for
growth promotion (only for those
animals that are not to be used for
replacements); vaccinations for clo
stridials (4-way), selenium if needed,
and pinkeye if needed.
' Vibriosis vaccination for breed
ing animals (bulls, cows and replac
ement heifers) should be given 30
to 60 days before the bulls are
turned in. It is highly recommended
that the vaccine be one that is in an
oil based carrier.
Watch for grass tetany during
the early growing season when grass
is growing extremely fast. Supple
ment with magnesium in your loose
salt-mineral mixture or with mag
nesium blocks,..., , . -, ,.r . . ..... ...
Milk your milk budget
You can buy milk in many
forms some costing a lot more
than others. Price depends on
whether the milk is fresh, cultured,
canned, or dried; whether part of
the fat has been removed; and
whether milk solids have been added.
The size of the milk container
and where you buy the milk makes
a difference in price, too. Generally
nonfat dry milk (48cqt.), and then
fresh whole milk (49cqt.) Butter
milk and evaporated milk cost the
most at 50c qt. and 64cqt. respec
tively. (Figures based on Vi gallon
sizes.)
Buying milk in 1 -gallon contai
ners vs. quart sizes will save you
about 20cqt. and about lOeqt. if
you buy '-gallon containers. Stick
to supermarkets or retail dairy stores
foryour milk purchases. Milk pur
chased in convenience stores usually
costs more.
Veterinary researchers at Oregon
State U ni versity believe that a serious
disease of horses may be linked to a
deficiency of vitamin E.
Recent studies of a similar human
disease indicate that large doses of
vitamin E may be able to prevent
or even cure the problem, which in
horses is called "wobbling," and
most often affects young, fast-growing
animals that may be extremely
valuable. Within 18 months the
OSU scientists hope to perfect an
early diagnostic test to detect the
disease before symptoms are
apparent, and better understand
the cause, effect and treatment for
this possible vitamin deficiency.
"Wobbling" refers to uncontrolled
movements of a horse caused by a
number of disease process, includ
ing spinal inflammation, bone abnor
malities or nervous system degen
eration. In severe cases the horse
can become prone to fall at any
time, present a danger to its handlers
and have to be destroyed. Among
jail cases of wobbling, about 25 per
cent may be caused by nervous sys
tem degeneration, researchers
believe, and it's this problem that
may be related to a vitamin deficien
cy. A preventive therapy or cure for
even this one aspect of wobbling
"would have a tremendous eco
nomic implication" for the equine
industry, particularly race and show
animals, the scientists say.
"We're now studying the role of
vitamin E and selenium, both of
which are anti-oxidants that pre
vent cell oxidation, degeneration
and aging," said Morrie Craig, an
associate professor of veterinary
medicine and co-principal investi
gator on this research, with asso
ciate professor Linda Blythe. "There
may be a problem with the horses
not absorbing the nutrients, or util
izing them, or some other factor
that is genetically inherited. It's
known that many feedstocks are
low in selenium, and this could also
be part of our problem."
According to Craig, wobbling
caused by nervous system degener
ation can strike horses that are six
months to two years old, cause
premature aging in some brain
neurons and the spinal cord, and
result in weakness, sensory losses
and nervous system defects.
In recent research with a very
similar disease in human children,
Blythe said, "it was found that
supplementation with high amounts
of vitamin E could prevent the
problem, and even reverse damage
it the therapy was begun early
enough."In some cases direct intra
muscular injections of the supple
ments were necessary, since part of
the problem was that the children
were not absorbing the nutrient
through normal digestive processes.
Craig and Blythe have developed
an expensive new test to measure
blood levels of vitamin E and sele
nium in horses. In research with a
special group of horses at OSU
that are genetically predisposed to
wobbling, they have found much
lower than normal blood levels of
vitamin E. In continued work with
these animals and various controlled
studies, the researchers hope to iden
tify both the cause of the disease
and therapies for it.
Pending the conclusion of their
research, the OSU scientists recom
mend that anytime wobbler disease
has occurred on a farm or in the
family of horses, the young anim
als should have blood tests to verify
adequate levels of vitamin E and
selenium. Vitamin supplementation
should be considered i levels are.
found to be low, they say.
Such tests are available by con
tacting the OSU College of Veteri
nary Medicine or selected diagnos
tic laboratories, the researchers said.
A veterinarian should be consulted
on the necessary procedures.
Peas can be planted now
Peas are sensitive to summer
heat, and some varieties are sus
ceptible to virus disorders spread
by insects. Planting early gives the
pea crop a chance to develop before
Bare-root trees should be planted promptly
Homeowners planning to pur
chase a fruit tree to add to the
home landscape should also plan
on planting that tree promptly after
bringing it home if it's a bare root
fruit tree.
Since the roots of these trees are
bare when they're purchased, they
can dry out quickly in the open air.
That makes it extremely important
to protect the roots until the tree is
planted, and to plant it as soon as
possible.
Recommendations are to keep
the roots covered at all times with
moist material before planting. The
roots may also be immersed in a
pail of water but not for more thna
12 hours.,
Before digging the hole where
the tree will be planted, remove
potential weed competition by scrap
ing the ground bare in a five foot
radius of the hole.
Dig the hole with a shovel or
auger. If an auger is used, the sides
of the hole should be roughened to
allow better root growth. The hole
should be large enough to accom
odate the roots without undue root
pruning or crowding.
Position the tree in the hole at
about the same depth that the tree
grew in the nursery. There should
be a soil line on the trunk you can
'.r N V i'
--,ci A - ...
Oregon Slate V niversity officials and their spouses visited Warm Springs
last week for a four-day retreat The Warm Springs Extension office
coordinated the retreat
With dwarf trees be sure the
graft union is two to three inches
above the permanent soil line or
the benefits of the dwarfing root
stock will be lost.
Pack the clean topsoil firmly
around the roots. Take care not to
damage the roots, but make sure
no air pockets remain. When the
hole is three-quarters filled, pour in
water to settle the soil around the
roots.
Fill the remainder of the hole
after the water soaks in. Don't put
any manure, organic matter or
commercial fertilizer in the hole as
it can damage the young roots.
Build a slight rim around the
Drinking alcohol
can harm baby
Drinking alcoholic beverages
during pregnancy can damage the
developing fetus. Low birth weight,
reduced growth rate, birth defects,
and mental retardation may result
from excessive alcohol consumption.
"Fetal alcohol syndrome" is a
name given to a condition some
times seen in infants of mothers
who drank heavily during preg
nancy. The infant has a specific
pattern of physical, mental and
behaviorual abnormalities.
The exact amount of alcoholic
beverages pregnant women may
drink without risk to the develop
ing fetus is not known. Also, the
risk from periodic bouts of moder
ate or heavy drinking is not known.
Alcohol may be especially damag-,
ing to the fetus at certain times dur
ing pregnancy. Factors such as
cigarette smoking and poor dietary
practices may also be involved.
Studies show that the more alco
holic beverages the mother drinks,
the greater the risks are for her
baby.
Recommendation: Refrain from
use of alcoholic beverages during
pregnancy.
hole to hold moisture and add a
mulch of straw if desired. Then
water with a weak transplant solu
tion of commercial fertilizer.
Avoid water-logging the tree,
but don't let it dry out completely.
Water every 10 to 20 days, or as
needed.
, While the tree is establishing
itself, be sure to control weeds and
grass. Grass competition for mois
ture probably stunts or kills more
trees than any other cause.
Hand weeding is recommended.
Herbicides can harm youne trees.
these problems occur.
Young pea plants transplant poorly
so the seeds should be planted
directly in their permanent row.
They require a soil that is not
strongly acid (PH between 5.5 and
6.7) and is reasonably fertile. Good
drainage, maximum sunlight and
protection from the wind are also
important.
For smaller gardens, suggestions
are to to dig a trench one foot or so
deep. Mix one part compost, leaf
mold or manure to two parts of the
soil from the trench. Add a little
phosphorus and sulfur. Then refill
the the trench with the mixture.
Peas planted in this prepared soil
should do well.
Some pea varieties that have
grown well in Oregon are Dark
Green Perfection, Green Arrow
and Laxton Progress. Other pea
varieties may have been grown
successfully. Check with local gar
deners or at garden stores.
Plant peas an inch deep (or fol
low directions on the seed packet)
and several inches apart. Bush type
peas should be planted in rows
three feet apart; tall growing varie
ties need four feet between rows.
If the plants are to be supported,
wire netting or a string trellis can
be put between the rows. Tall var
ieties usually do better when grown
on a trellis. However, left unsup
ported, they will form a ground
cover and still produce well.
Oregon sugar pod is an edible
pod variety that will provide some
thing different along with the old
standby types. It is virus-resistant
and can be planted later as well.
Garden peas planted soon will
be ready to harvest in late June.
Vegetables help stretch food $$
Consumers dealing with tight
money and shrinking food dollars
may find a bargain in the foodstore
vegetable bin. Vegetables are an
old standby that is still a best buy.
Don't sell the potato or other
familiar vegetable short. Vegeta
bles are low in calories, inexpen
sive and nutritious. Potatoes, car
rots and cabbage store well, are
relatively inexpensive and supply
A "Forever" bulb
The"Forever"light bulb is guaran
teed to burn for 50 years under
normal household use or your money
back! The 60- and 90- watt bulbs
incorporate an electronic diode that
changes the electricity flowing into
the bulb from alternating to direct
current. The result, according to
the manufacturer, DioLight Techno
logy, is a filament that lasts 60-80
times longer than a regular incandes
cent bulb filament!
Like most long-life bulbs, its
brightness is reduced 10-20 percent.
For that reason, the company recom
mends using the bulb in places
where bright light is not needed, in
high or hard-to-reach places or
where lights are left on for long
periods of time.
Cost? $5 bulb. For information,
call DioLight Technology. Inc. toll
free, I-S0O-USA-2000.
vitamins, minerals and fiber. Choos
ing these vegetables over more exotic
or out-of-jeason vegetables can help
keep youf food budget under con
trol without sacrificing good nutri
tion. (This month's Brain-Buster:
what herb has been called the "Herb
of Kings?")
When fresh greens are most expen
sive, try coleslaw or grated cabbage
and carrot salad to add crunch and
flavor to winter meals. Stir-fry a
tasty hot vegetable dish using onions,
cabbage and carrots.
Slice the vegetables thinly, coat a
heavy frying pan lightly with oil,
add the vegetables and stir-fry until
tender-crisp.
Winter squash and sweet pota
toes may not be glamorous, but
they are appealing, high in vitamin
A and fairly inexpensive. Bake
them, boil them or use them in cas
serole dishes.
And, dont forget to try potatoes
other than baked, boiled or fried.
Try potatoes and cheese instead of
macaroni and cheese. Add leftover
meat to scalloped potatoes, and
you have an inexpensive main dish.
Easy to make Herbed Salmon
Easy to make. The foil keeps
these salmon steaks moist and
tender.
4 (about 6 ounces each) salmon
steaks, thawed if necessary.
juice of I lemon divided
lA tsp. dried tarragon leaves, crushed
V tsp. dried thyme leaves, crushed
Vt pound mushrooms, thinly sliced
2 tbsp. chopped parsley
Peel of I lemon cut in julienne
strips
Place each salmon steak on piece
of heavy duty foil large enough to
complctly enclose fish. Brush salmon
w ith half the lemon juice. Sprinkle
with tarragon and thyme. Top ith
mushrooms. Sprinkle with wine.
pepper and parsley. Top with lemon
peel.
Bring foil up over salmon and
seal each package. Place foil package
in a shaliow baking pan and bake
at 450 F. allowing 2 minutes cooking
per inch of thickness measured at
its thickest part, or until salmon
(lakes easily when removed and
tested with a fork.
To serve, carefully open foil pac
kages and remove salmon steaks
and mushrooms to serving plates.
Spoon some of the cooking liquids
over the salmon and sprinkle with
remaining lemon juice. Garnish it h
lemon wedges and parsley, if desired.
Makes 4 servings.