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Spilvav Tymoo
WARM SI'ltl.NGS, ()IU:(;o 97761
November 21, 1986 I
Ask questions when purchasing appliances
Whether it'i refrigerator or a
blender, a new home appliance is
an investment which becomeiupart
of the family" for (hopefully) a
long time.
The following checklist will remind
you of some simple steps toward
making the best use of your money
and ensuring satisfaction with your
purchase decision:
Ask the dealer for specification
sheets from several manufacturers
of the appliance types you plan to
purchase. Study them carefully and
note the different features, designs
and capacities.
Ask the dealer to see the war
ranty before purchasing the
appliance. Does the warranty cover
the entire product? Is labor included?
Only certain parts? How long is the
warranty coverage?
Ask the dealer for the use and
care manual. Read it carefully before
you purchase the appliance. The
Dealer should have manuals avail
able from the floor models on dis
play. These manuals will help you
to ask pertinent questions, tell you
how the product operates and what
special care it needs.
Decide what special features you
will really use. Consider the possi
bility of adding on features at a
later date such as an icemakcr for a
refrigerator.
Decide what capacity or size
your family's lifestyle requires. For
example, if purchasing a room air
conditioner, know the dimensions
of the room and number of win
dows. Make certain the model you
choose has sufficient BTU's to cool
the area.
Check the space available for the
appliance. Will it fit where you
plan to put it? Is there adequate
clearance space in the hallway or
doors through which the appliance
will have to pass before installation?
Check the product design care
fully prior to purchase. Does the
Eroduct's design meet your usage
abits. Compare the designs of dif
ferent brands. If you are purchas
ing a combination microwave
oven range, check the space between
the units to be sure your favorite
pans will fit.
Clearly establish the cost of delive
ry and installation. Are these coats
included or are they extra?
Ask the dealer if he services the
appliances he sells. If not, ask him
where to go for authorized factory
service on the appliance you plan
to purchase.
Compare price in relation to
convenience and service. Both vary
according to the model. As more
features and conveniences are
included, the price increases.
Be sure your house has adequate
electrical service for the appliance
in order to avoid overloading cir
cuits. Also, be sure your home has
adequately grounded, three-hole receptacles.
a4L
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
GXTGN5I0N
SERVICE
The Oregon State University Extension Service
offers educational programs, activities and
materials without regard to race, color, sex,
age, religion, national origin or disability
Clay Penhollow
Mollie Marsh
Joan Davidl
Add safety precautions
Solutions for landscape drainage problems
Injuries do not get as much pub
licity as heart disease or cancer, but
they are the leading cause of death
among young people (age 1 to 44)
in the United States. Fortunately,
they are among the most preventa
ble causes of premature death.
If you need to be persuaded to
add safety precautions to your life,
consider these statistics from a recent
report in the Journal of the Ameri
can Medical Association:
Injuries are the fourth leading
causes of death nationwide, account
ing for nearly 150,000 deaths each
year.
More than one percent of all
persons aged 10 to 34 today will die
of injuries by the year 2000.
About 75 percent of today's ten-year-old
males who die during the
next 15 years will die of injuries.
For people now aged 10 to 24,
the risk of dying of injuries during
the next 1 5 years exceeds the risk of
dying of all other causes combined.
A white male aged 1 5 today has a
one in 110 chance of dying as a
result of an automobile accident by
age 30.
A black male aged 20 today has a
one in 50 risk of dying of homicide
by the time he is 25.
For children aged 5 to 9, the risk
of dying of injuries in the next 15
years is 2.6 times greater than the
risk of dying from all other causes
combined.
Water, water everywhere and
not a drop will drain. If the winter
season has you thinking along these
lines, perhaps your landscape isnt
draining properly.
Drainage problems around the
home are usually caused by under
ground springs, seasonal high water
tables, ponding of surface water, or
poor soil permeability. We offer
the following drainage solutions.
Underground springs. Natural
springs may flow all year, or only
during periods of heavy rain. Sub
surface drains at least four inches
in diameter and surrounded with
six to 12 inches of gravel can be
placed along the outside of the
foundation to divert the water.
Subsurface drains are made from
various materials. Checking local
building codes for approved mate
rials and other drainage regulations.
Seasonal high water table. The
term water table refers to the level
below which soil is saturated with
water. The water table usually fluc
tuates by several feet throughout
the year. On some homesites, the
seasonal high water table may be at
or near the ground surface for long
periods.
Again, subsurface drains around
the outside foundation walls may
lower the water table. On lawns
where only a small area is affected
by a high water table, a small exca
vated pond may be the answer.
However, before building a pond,
be sure to check state and local
safety regulations about pond construction.
Ponding surface water. Small
diversion ditches will channel sur
face water off the lawn or drive
way. In developed residential areas,
these structures usually are installed
near property lines, or in back of or
alongside houses.
Generally, yards should be graded
so the surface water drains away
from the house. A minimum grade
of one foot in 100 feet is sufficient.
Installing downsprounts to con
trol roof water may prevent pond
ing in low areas of the yard. Down
sprouts can empty into a subsurface
drain or into dry wells that carry
the water away from the house.
Poor soil permeability. Some
homesites have a dense layer of
clay soil that restricts the flow of
water and creates puddles or ponds.
If the dense layer is near the sur
face, a small trench can be dug
through the layer and filled with
sand, gravel or other coarse mate
rial to improve the drainage in a
low-lying wet spot.
For large areas, subsurface drains
four to six inches in diameter at a
depth of two to five feet may be
necessary. They should be packed
with six to 12 inches of gravel. If
possible, sand and gravel should be
used to back fill the drain trench to
within a foot of the ground surface.
Even on well-drained soil, heavy
foot traffic during rainy periods
will compact the soil and reduce its
permeability. Restricting foot traf
fic in the wet yard helps prevent
soil compaction.
Energy saving suggestions from OSU Timet0 clean' store9arden equipment
Q. How often should I clean my
chimney? One neighbor suggested
a once a year and another said to.
do it after burning three cords of
wood.
A. Clean it when a quarter-inch
of creaosote accumulates on the
interior walls of the chimney. How
quickly that thickness develops de
pends on your wood stove, the type
and location of the chimney and if
you keep a fire going for long peri
ods of time.
Inspect a newly cleaned chimney
every two weeks until you learn
how fast creosote, builds up. This
will give you an idea of how often
to clean your chimney.
To aid in visually checking stove
pipe and metal chimneys, you may
want to install a cleanout tee. It can
replace the lowest elbow in the
connecting pipe, or the lowest pipe
section of a metal chimney. Masonry
chimneys usually have a cleanout
door giving access to the bottom of
the chimney.
Check the chimney and stove
pipe by looking into the cleanout
using a flashlight and mirror as
necessary.
Q. We heat with a heat pump.
My wife was told that all registers
in all rooms should remain open
for maximum efficiency. Cant we
save money by closing off an unused
room or two?
A. There's no simple answer to
your question. Heat pump manu
facturer's recommend that at least
400 cubic feet of air per minute
flow through your heating system
for each ton of heat pump capacity.
If you shut some of the registers,
two things will happen: air flow
and heat pump efficiency both will
decrease. How much, depends on
your system.
Manufacturers recommend not
shutting registers for two main
reasons:
Your system probably is already
designed for the optimum air flow.
If you reduce air flow too much
you can damage the compressor. If
there isn't enough air flow to carry
away the heat, the compressor can
overheat. A similar product can
occur when you air condition.
You may be able to save some
money without problems, particu
larly if your heat pump was installed
with a generous air supply. You
could try (against most manufac
turers recommendations) to close
the registersd in one or two rooms.
Look carefully at two things: air
supply temperature and energy
savings.
With a thermometer, measure
the temperature of the air coming
out of a register in one of the rooms
not closed off. If the temperature
while the heat pump is heating
increases more than a couple of
degrees after you've closed a regis
ter, check with a heating contrac
tor to be sure you aren't damaging
the cpmpressor,,,,, ,
. To- check your energy savings,
record the reading on your electric
meter at the same time each day. If
the weather is about the same, and
you use less electricity with a few
registers closed, enjoy the savings.
A final caution: If closing one or
two registers changes the supply air
temperature more than a couple of
degrees, or the noise from the open
register increases, check with a
heating contractor. Having to
replace the compressor would more
than offset any savings.
Garden equipment that is cleaned
and stored every fall does a better
job for the gardener every spring.
Properly maintained equipment
will give many years of service and
cut down on costly repairs and
replacement.
Small hand tools should be cleaned
and sharpened. Be sure to remove
rust spots as well as dirt. When the
tools are clean and dry, apply a
light coat of oil to protect them
against rust through the winter
months.
Make sure garden hoses are
I..,
drained. Then coil them and hang
them from a curved surface. Plac
ing hoses on a nail or hook puts a
sharp bend in the hose that can
weaken or tear it. It's best to follow
the manufacturer's direction when
cleaning power equipment.
Generally, gasoline engines should
be drained of gas. Also make sure
all fuel is removed from the gas
tank, carburetor and gas lines to
prevent a build-up of gum from
gasoline evaporation.
If the engine oil is old and dirty,
change it. Also remove the spark
plug and squirt a small amount of
oil into the cylinder. While the
spark plug is out, turn the engine
over by hand so the cylinder walls
are lubricated.
Put a light coating of oil on
power equipment parts that come
in contact with the soil when used.
Other bare metal should be painted
if the original paint has been
damaged.
A lockable cabinet or closet is
ideal for tool storage. Hanging
tools from the storage wall is another
way to keep them under foot.
Indoor gardening season begins
Save energy in the home
There are many ways you can
conserve ' energy in and around
your home without sacrificing your
level of living. Although some of
the hints involve money investments,
the long-range benefits will pay for
the cost. As energy supplies decrease
and costs rise, you must weigh your
use of resources with great care.
Following are some suggestions
for enhanced management in your
home:
If a change of housing is planned,
consider how much space is essen
tial. Extra space takes energy to
heat, cool, light, and clean.
Whether shopping for housing
to buy or rent, evaluate it for
energy efficiency.
Insulate cealings, exterior walls,
under floors, and heat ducts.
Install storm windows and doors
to reduce heat loss and or heat
gain.
Find and weatherstrip air leaks
around windows, exterior doors,
exhaust fans, and attic access pan
els. Use good quality materials on
doors and frequently-opened win
dows. Caulk joints, holes, cracks and
openings in the exterior skin of the
house. Caulking can be applied on
interior surfaces as well as exterior.
Install foam gaskets approved
for the purpose on all exterior wall
electric outlets and switches.
Check heat ducts in cold areas
(crawl spaces, attics, garages) for
leaks and insulation. Seal cracks
with duct tape; replace missing
insulation.
Adjust thermostat setting by 5
degrees on heating and air condi
tioning systems and compensate
for comfort with the clothing you
wear.
Use exhaust fans effectively to
control heat and excess moisture at
the source.
Check exhaust fans in bathrooms,
kitchen, and laundry for freely
operating back draft shutters with
proper seals.
Keep damper on fireplace and or
wood stove closed when not in use.
Inspect and clean or change fur
nace air filter every 30 to 60 days
during heating season.
Check water heater temperature
setpoint. Except for automatic dish
washer and some laundry require
ments which may require 140F,
120F is usually adequate. Check
temperature at a tap with a candy
thermometer.
Wrap water heater tank with
insulation if located in an unheated
space.
Insulate accessible hot water pipes
passing through unheated space.
Install water flow restrictors in
showerheads and sink faucets.
Vacuum or brush dust and lint
from refrigerator and or freezer
grill and evaporator coils every two
to three months.
Use lighting efficiently. Light the
areas in your home being used.
Select energy-efficient bulbs, tubes,
and fixtures when replacements
are made.
Use energy-powered home
appliances efficiently.
Consider energy efficiency when
purchasing appliances, automobiles,
and other powered equipment. Con
sider life-time cost when making
purchasing decisions.
Good management means using
resources effectively to obtain the
maximum comfort, convenience,
pleasure and satisfaction from your
energy investment.
The outdoor gardening season
may be over, but the winter indoor
gardening season is just beginning.
For example, it's easy to transform
a sunny window sill into an herbal
mini-garden.
Basil, chervil, savory and thyme
can all be grown in small flower
pots or a window box, and snipped
as needed to add the finishing
touch to a sauce, soup, or salad.
Basil can be planted from seed
and will germinate in about 12
days. Chervil germinates from seed
in 12 to 14 days. Other herbs, such
as thyme, are best started from an
already growing plant, and chives
should be started from a clump of
bulbs.
Sage, lemon balm and rosemary
can be grown from stem cutting.
Take the latest growth or the upper
part of older stems. Cut them into
three or four sections, making sure
each section contains leaves or leaf
buds near the upper end. Insert
one-half to two-thirds of their length
into a box or bowl filled with four
or five inches of clean moist sand. days.
Cover the plants with glass, leav- Roots should develop in two
ing a half-inch opening for ventila- weeks, and within four to six weeks
tion. Shade the plants on sunny the cuttings should be ready to pot.
Shopping tips for
insulated garments
If you're shopping for insulated
winter coats, jackets or jump suits,
be sure to look carefully at the
garment's label.
Classic down is still popular as
an insulation material. However, a
major drawback with down is that
it loses most of its insulation capac
ity when wet. It's also quite
expensive.
Several synthetic insulations have
been developed that provide var
iety in performance and price. Hol
lofil 808, Hollofil 1 1, and Quallofil
are three insulators from Dupont
that work well in clothing and
sleeping bags.
Quallofil is the most expensive
and Hollofil 808 is the least expen
sive of the three insulating mate
rials. Polarguard, from 3M, is
designed to be shift-resistant in
insulated garments, and it retains
its loft better than other insulators.
When judging the construction
of an insulated item, remember
that quilating lines that go all the
way through the garment have no
insulation along the stitching line.
Baffled construction or a two-layered
construction where there are no
sewn-through stitching lines will be
much warmer.
Be sure when you try these items
on that you have plenty of room
for movement and bulky clothes
you may wear underneath.
Support plants against winds
4-H Clubs in the community
The following is a list of the
scheduled 4-H clubs for the 1986
87 year. Call the Extension office
at 553-1161, ext. 238 for more
information.
1. Bead work: Brenda Scott, Trish
Courtney, Caroline Tohet (Com
munity Center).
2. Boys Cooking: Arlene Gra
ham, Tammy Hoptowit.
3. Sewing: Joni David, Jewell
Minnick.
4. Holiday cooking: Orthelia Mil
ler, Nina Rowe.
Hay list
The Extension office now has a
listing of hay growers in the Cen
tral Oregon area with hay and
grass straw for sale. Each card con
tains information about the type of
hay or straw, the cost per ton, and
the grower's address and phone
number. Stop by the Extension
office for more information or call
553-1 161, ext. 238.
5. Grooming: Yvonne Nathan.
6. Photography: Esther Surface
(Set for a later date).
7. Knitting: Virginia Forseth.
8. Rifle: Set for a later date.
9. Rocking' 4-H Livestock: Jeff
Sanders, Biff Johnson, Luke
Sanders.
10. Cultural & Heritage: Reggie
& Beatrice Winishut, Pat Smith.
1 1 . Arts & Crafts: Carol Allison
(Community Center).
12. Skiing: Lee and Cheryl Tom,
Wendell Jim.
Watch tire
pressure
As winter rolls in, automobile
owners need to keep an eye on the
tire pressure. According to the
American Automobile Association,
a tire that was correctly inflated at
60 degrees could be much as four
In home landscape exposed to
blustery winter winds, trees and
tall shrubs may need some insu
rance against wind damage.
Protect your larger landscape
plants from high winds by instal
ling guy wires to hold them in
place. Installing supports against
the wind is especially important for
young or recently planted shrubs
and trees, and for landscape plants
recently damaged by high winds.
The number of guy wires needed
depends on the size of the plant.
You may wish to use wires with a
turn-buckle. This lets you adjust
the pull of the wires, and allows
you to tighten them if they loosen.
Place guy wires high enough in
the tree or shrub so wind blowing
against the top of the plant won
loosen the wires. Looping the sup
port wires through the crotch of
the tree or large shrub usually
Patience, understanding saves time
. . . u pounds under-inflated at 20 degrees.
Baking WOrKSnOpS Checktiresoftenandwhen"coId.-
nv CUIU, wc mean umi nit vai iiaa
Two "Holiday Baking
Workshops" will be held Mondays,
November 1 7 and 24 from 7 to 8:30
p.m. in 4-H Center. Cost is S2.00.
Call 553-1 161, ext. 238 to sign up.
not been driven for some time. For
each 10 degrees Farenheit drop,
tire pressure drops approximately
one pound per square inch.
It may be surprising but in long
run patience and understanding
save time and energy. As a child's
teacher, you want to learn a variety
of ways to work with children as
they are all different and situations
are different. You will find it pays
off in satisfaction for you and a
happier child. Wise parents know
that they are human and make
mistakes. There will betimes when
you will yell at them, say "donl,"
or spank a child.
Your patience will be tried many
times in a day. tven it you are a
superparent and use these methods
most of the time, you will find that
Judy or John do not always co-operate.
Children are human, too. Some
days they are tired and weary or
not feeling well. At those times, it is
harder, if not impossible, to learn
new things. Good parents try all
the time, gently helping their child
with the best methods they know.
Children are preschoolers for a
very short time in comparison to
their total life. The experiences and
satisfactions they receive during
these years are the basis for future
actions and learning. One of the
best safeguards against trouble in
later life is to develop togetherness,
love and respect before school.
works well.
Use a short length of rubber hose
around each wire to protect the
bark from injury. Do not wrap the
loop so tightly that the growth of
the bark is restricted.
Fasten the wires securely to sturdy
stakes or solid anchors. If three guy
wires are used, space anchors evenly.
Place one anchor against the pre
vailina winds.
Cattle management
session Dec. 16
Don't forget the second session
of the Beef Cattle Management
Series titled "Winter Brood Cow
Management." The session will be
held Tuesday, December 1 6 beginn
ing at 7 p.m. at the Senior Citizen's
Center.
Topics will include feeding and
nutrition, herd health, production
records and culling and marketing.
Women have to work harder
I 3 chocolate cup cake with fudge
It isn't fair. Women generally
have to work harder than men to
control their weight. As a woman
gets older, it is even harder because
her body needs fewer calories. She
will gain approximately three pounds
if she eats and exercises the same
after her mid-forties as she did at
age 21. (The American Diabetic
Association).
Only 100 calories of extra food a
day above energy requirements
means almost an extra pound of fat
in a month.
Food Equivalent to 100 calories
icing.
I inch sector 2-layer chocolate cake.
I three-inch diameter cookie.
V cup custard.
13 chocolate eclair.
I link cooked pork sausage 3x1
inch.
1 tablespoon butter or margarine.
l-'S tablespoons commercial mayon
naise. 2 chocolate creams. 35 to pound.
4 5 of an average hot dog.
I 3 cup chocolate ice cream.
I inch square plain fudge. 18 to lb.