Image provided by: The Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs; Warm Springs, OR
About Spilyay tymoo. (Warm Springs, Or.) 1976-current | View Entire Issue (Sept. 26, 1986)
c SlMLYAY TYMOO Waioi simum;s, om:;o 97761 Number of Among the population of school age children in the United States, the "latchkey" child is becoming prominent. Latchkey children are school age youngsters who have no one to come home to after school. The term "latchkey" is used to describe them because many carry a key to let themselves in (and lock them selves in) their home until parents return later in the day. There have always been latchkey children, but their numbers have sky-rocketed with the increasing incidence of one-parent families, and families in which both parents work. Today, over 60 percent of work ing mothers have children between six and 14 years of age. And about 13 percent (one million) of one parent households in this country are headed by fathers who are usu ally employed. Parents report feelings of anx iety and guilt over leaving children to fend for themselves. The parents themselves were not latchkey child ren. This makes it difficult! for them to cope with traditional beliefs about parental responsibility and natural fears for children's safety and well-being. Employers are aware that par ents carry these concerns to work. Surveys of several work places have revealed a noticeable 3 o'clock slump in productivity and increase in anxiety among workers. In addi tion, industrial workers with child ren home alone in the the after noon are more frequently involved in aftrnoon accidents than other workers. Research comparing self-care children with those who have adult supervision is inadequate at this time. What is happening in homes isn't known, but psychologists agree Publications available Nutrition and Pregnancy A series of six letters for the pregnant woman are being offered by the Extension office. The letters will answer such questions as how much weight should I gain and is it okay to snack? Learn the truth about eating for two and why it's impor tant to eat a balanced diet that's good for you and baby. Oregon's Children I Six letters for parents of children from birth to age three. Answers questions about how they develop, the importance of play, feeding, Soil preparation important If you're planning to plant a lawn this fall, plan and perform the groundwork thoroughly. It will make life easier for your new turf. To give the new lawn a good seed bed, till the lawnsite to loosen the soil and mix organic matter and fertilizer into the upper six to eight inches of soil. Organic materials that help loos en heavy soils and add holding capacity to lighter soils include maure, compost, peat moss; bark or sawdust. Six inches of extra topsoil may have to be added to the surface of the planting site if the area is gra velly or consists of heavy clay. A 16-16-16 combination fertil izer should be spread over the planting site at the rate of 10 pounds per thousand square feet. Lime needs should be determined by a soil test. After the seedbed has been tilled and fertilized and amendments are added, firm the soil by rolling and watering. A firm seedbed makes it easier for the seeds to germinate evenly and helps prevent unwanted humps and hollows in the surface. Scatter the seed over the area uniformly after the soil has been raked lightly. If mulches are used to cover the seed, apply them spar ingly. Mulching isn't necessary if the soil surface can be kept damp Which windows are best? until the seed germinates. Q. In preparation for the fall, I'm getting ready to replace my old windows with new insulated glass windows. I've looked at aluminum, wood and vinyl frames. Is one of the three frame materials superior in energy savings? A. Vinyl frames are new in Ore gon, so we've seen little test data, but they appear to compare favor ably to wood, which is the most energy efficient window frame mat erial. Aluminum requires little main tainance but is the least efficient window frame material. Some manu facturers are using a "thermal break" to insulate their aluminum frames. Most thermal break alum inum window frames won be as efficient as wood or vinyl. But, they are far superior to standard alumi num. Perhaps more imporant, the thermal break eliminates or redu "latchkey" that self-care produces major changes in the social structure in which a child's growing up occurs. The factors affecting family dec sions about child self-care are age, maturity, attitudes of the parent and child, the neighborhood where the home is located, and structure of the latchkey situation. Observations of latchkey child ren show they respond in various ways. Some develop feelings of independence and accomplishment, while on the other hand some de velop feelings of rootlcssness and not belonging. Others become fear ful and cope by hiding, or expe rience feelings of resentment and engage in delinquent behavior. The studies of latchkey children to date have looked at isolated parts of the situation. For exam ple, some research has concentrated on where the latchkey child lives. These studies have shown that latchkey children from inner city areas have more difficulty with personality adjustment, and have more academic problems and every day fears to overcome than latch key children in suburban or rural areas. Other researchers point out that some urban neighborhoods are stable and friendly. The real question is, how safe and supportive is the neighbor hood for children at any time? Parents have varying conerns over the need for adult supervision. Younger children prompt fears for safety, but peer influences are more of a worry with older children and adolescents. A Wisconsin study showed self care children 10 to 15 years-old who report home after school to be no different from children in the same age group supervised at home by a parent. But conditions are safety and selecting child care. Oregon's Children II A series of six letters for parents of children ages three to six. An swers questions about how they develop, child behavior and desci pline, promoting independence and responsibility, teaching about money and clothing selection. Children are our most valuable resource. Oregon State University Extension Service offers these let ' ters to strengthen the future of Oregon families. Call 553-1 161, ext. 238 or 239. Regular watering may be neces sary to keep the soil moist until the new grass can establish itself. If weeds appear along with the new lawn, don't use any chemical weed killer until the lawn is at least 30 days old. 4-H news, 4-H Awards Family Potluck Date: Monday, September 22 Time: 6:30 p.m. Location: Agency Longhouse 4-H Club Guidelines A. Club leaders may establish firm age limits for their club mem bers. Only youngsters within that specific age group will be enrolled in that club. B. 4-H associate members (any child below the fourth grade) can be enrolled and attend meetings and activities ONLY if leaders agree and ONLY if a parent or ADULT guardian'attends the meeting also. Leaders are encouraged not to permit non 4-H youngsters at club meetings. C. Traditionally, 4-H is for 4th through 1 2 grades. Associate mem bers are below the four grade. Jun ior leaders are 16 and older. 4-H Club Meetings Planning Hints throughout the year, every ces moisture condensation, a com mon problem with aluminum win dow frames. . Since there is considerable varia tion in windows made of similar materials, look for results of inde pendent laboratory test for pur poses of comparison. Many win dow manufacturers provide results of test data to stores that carry their products. First, look for the overall (glass and frame) U-value. The lower the U-value, the more efficient the window. Second, look for the air leakage rates. They are given in cubic feet per minute (CFM) per foot of sash length. The lower the CFM rating, the better. DON'T FORGET 4-H THIS FALL kids increasing in U.S. important. Young teens fare better in resist ing peer prccssure if they arc unsu pervised in their own home rather than unsupervised at a friend's or just "hanging out."Twenty percent of the children in the sample were feared at-risk because they were unsupervised, and not at home. The Wisconsin study also showed that an authoritative parenting style provides children with guidelines to resist peer pressure. Authoritative parenting means parent and child exchange opin ions and expectations about after- Advice given for dealing with the Before we look at specific ways to manage aggressive and angry outbursts, several points should be highlighted. We should distinguish between anger and aggression. Anger is a temporary emotional state caused by frustration; aggression is often an attempt to hurt a person or to destroy property. In dealing with angry children, our actions should be motivated by the need to protect and to teach, not by a desire to punish. Parents and teachers should show a child that they accept his or her feelings, while suggesting other ways to ex press the feelings. An adult might say, for example, "Let me tell you what some children would do in a situation like this... It is not enough to tell children what behaviors we find unacceptable. We must teach them acceptable ways of coping. Also, ways must be found to com municate what we expect of them. Contrary to popular opinion, pun ishment is not the most effective way to communicate to children what we expect of them. Responding to the angry child Taken from The Aggressive Child by Fritz Redl and David Wine man. They should be considered helpful ideas and not be seen as a "bag of tricks." Catch the child being good. Jell the child what behaviors please Proper kitchen design Plan the kitchen to provide ade quate space and facilities for meal preparation and clean-up. It may have dining space and or family living space. It may also have a small desk for the homemaker or a more complete center for keeping family business records. The food preparation area should be separ ate from other functions of the kitchen. Location When planning a new house or in major remodeling, consider the location of the kitchen in relation to the various areas where food tips related member should have the opportun ity to: 1. Plan for the project in coop eration with the leader and par ents. The plan might include skills to be learned and supplies and materials needed. Members should plan and accomplish some work on their own projects during meetings. 2. Contribute to the group at each meeting and assume some responsibility such as: Help prepare for the meeting Help put things away afterwards Serve as host Report club events to newspaper Prepare refreshments 3. Informally discuss individ ual and group progress and accom plishments by thinking through some questions, for example: What did I learn? Where do I need improvement? How do I feel about what I did? What shall I plan to do or learn next? Beef management tips g.ven for October Identify replacement heifers making sure there are enough fol lowing the final culling after breed ing and pregnancy testing next year. Brucellosis vaccinate replace ment heifers(Bang's Disease) which How to remove pine resin Because of increased outdoor activity, the likelihood that pine resin or tar will soil clothing and home carpeting is greater during the summer and early fall months. Removing pine resin can be tricky and takes several steps. If remov ing this resin from wash able clothes, sponge aerosol pre treatment sprays or cleaning fluid into the stain and let dry. Then mix liquid laundry detergent and am monia together and soak the stain. school activity, but the parent has the last word. This is different from authoritarian parenting in which the parent dictates orders, or per missive parenting in which child ren decide about curfew, home work, chores and whether they'll stay home or go out. Challenge often produces growth, but children display great variation in emotional, intellectual, and phys ical development. Parents must avoid premature granting of respon sibility and provide protective boundaries in which self-care child ren can thrive without fear, loneli ness, or boredom. you. Deliberately ignore inapprop riate behavior that can be tolerated. Provide physical outlets and other alternatives. Manipulate the surroundings. Plan the surroundings so that cer tain things are less apt to happen. Stop a "problcm"activity and sub stitute, temporarily, a more desir able one. Use closeness and touching. Move physically closer to the child to curb his or her angry impulse. Exress interest in the child's acti vities. Be ready to show affection. Thinking of Are you considering renting a property that you have been unable to sell? There are some serious questions you should ask yourself before you decide to offer your property on the rental market. The first question is about your own disposition. Will you be able to personally deal with tenants? Do you have a hard time asking people to do what they aree supposed to do? If so, being a landlord could be a difficult experience for you. You might consider paying someone else to manage the property for you. Many real estate compainies handle rental properties, says Mary Ann Sward, Oregon State Univer sity Extension housing specialist. may be served. The kitchen should be accessible from both the service and guest entrances, but preferably out of view of the social entrances, and the living room. A view of the children's play area from the kitchen may be desirable. A view of the driveway is also desirable as it lets the homemaker see who (or what) is coming or leaving. It is most important that doors in the kitchen be located so traffic by-passes the meal preparation area. Master Gardener series to be offered this winter Oregon home gardeners who want to increase their gardening knowledge and are willing to pass that knowledge on to others may find the Oregon State University Extension Service Master Gardener Program to their liking. This program is intended to pro vided eager home gardeners with a basic knowledge of horticulture and then to use the trainees to help fixtension staff membersanswer gar dening questions from the public. ' The program consists of several free hours of classroom instruc tion. The amount of instruction will vary depending on how the program is handled in each county. Topics covered in the classes include care of ornamental plants; garden, soil, lawn, nut and fruit tree man agement; and plant insect and dis must, by law, be performed by a veterinarian. Pregnancy test to determine open females and then determine the best time to market these cull cows and heifers (now, later this year or next spring.) Launder using detergent. a liquid laundry If pine resin gets on your carpet ing, scrape off as much residue as possible. Sponge the stain contin ually with a cloth soaked in a non flammable drycleaning solvent. Use a light, upward, brushing motion to lift the stain out of the carpet. Change the cloth as it becomes soiled. Continue until the stain is removed. A Clay Penhollow Mollie Ease tension uuough humor. Appeal directly to the child. For example, a parent or a teacher may gain a child's cooperation by saying. "I know that noise you're making dosn't usually bother me. but today I've got a headache, so could you find something else you'd enjoy doing?" Explain situations. Encourage children to see their strengths as well as their weak nesses. Usepromisesand rewards. This approach should not be compared with bribery. We must deliver our promises. becoming A firm experienced in property management might also save you from some comon pitfalls. A rental management company would know what you might rea sonably expect to charge for rent, what kind of deposit to charge, and could advise you on such topics as allowing pets, zoning regulations, and lease forms. You may feel that you can't afford not to rent the property, but can you afford to rent it? Do you have furnishings that require spe cial care and could be easily dam aged? Would you be able to charge enough rent to cover your costs of maintaining the property? Do you really want to sell the essential for efficiency Arrangement Each of the five meal prepara tion centers is necessary for a suc cessful kitchen. Steps, time, and energy are saved when the mix center is located between the refrigerator and the sink. The alternate location is be tween the sink and the range. The kitchen will be more effi cient if the work centers are con tinuous. This is possible when an L- or U-shaped is used. Although it may be possible to develop com plete centers in a continuous ar- ease control methods. The classes will be held once each week beginning in mid-January and ending in mid-March. They will be taught by Extension agents and specialists and members of the OSU Horticulture Department. Master Gardener activities start after the training period is com pleted. Each participant spends a pre-determined number of hours staffing the Extension office. The public is asked to call the office for answers or bring ques tions and plant specimens to the office for diagnosis. Master Gardener classes during 1987 will be conducted in several Oregon counties. For more infor mation on how to enroll for Master Gardener training, inquire at the Extension office at 553-1 161, ext. 238. After a hard frost has occurred, treat for grubs and lice with a pour on, or consider the economics of using an injectible wormer that will control grubs and lice as well as deworm, or use a combination of a pour-on and a wormer. Consider if now is the time to vaccinate bred cows and heifers for Leptospirosis (this should be done during the last trimester of preg nancy and not in combination with a Vibriosis vaccine which should be given in the spring just before the breeding season.) Continue to provide salt sup plementation including the trace mineral selenium (Se). Weaned calves should be boos tered for the Clostridial diseases of black leg. malignant edema, black disease and sordelli. and should be vaccinated with IBR, PI, and Hemophilus somnus. OREGON 5TATG UNIVERSITY (tension SGRVICG The Oregon State University Extension Service otters educational programs, activities and materials without regard to race, color, sex, age. religion, national origin or disability. Marsh Joan David angry child Say "NO!" Limits should be clearly explained and enforced. Tell the child that you accept his or her angry feelings, but offer other suggestions for expressing them. Teach children to put their angry feelings into words, rather than fists. Build a positive self-image. Use punishment cautiously. There is a fine line between pun ishment that is hostile toward a child and punishment that is educa tional. Model appropriate behavior. Teach children to express them selves verbally. a landlord? property? If so, and you decide to rent it anyway, be sure the lease is clear on several points. You must specify the notice the tenant would receive to move out, and how the visits of possible buyers would be handled. You must realistically consider whether your landlord status will be a short-term or long-term thing. If you plan to be a landlord for several years, you might consider getting to know other landlords through a rental owners associa tion. You could benefit from the lessons others have learned through years of experience. rangement along one wall, this is less efficient because of the in creased distance from the refriger ator to the range. When too much space for the work centers is allotted, efficiency is lost. With too little space, work must be done in cramped quarters. Inadequate work space also means inadequate storage space in the centers. Cabinets Cabinets above the range should have a 30" clearance, or a min imum of 24" if a hood is used. If cabinets are placed above the sink, they should be above eye level (about one foot and six inches) for safety and to give a visual feeling of space. Provide an additional storage area adjacent to the food prepara tion area for items not frequently used: portable applicances, extra staple supplies, canned food, extra sets of dishes. Space for appliances Space must be planned for the major kitchen appliances. Delay selecting new appliances until the kitchen is being planned. Some decisions should be based on the total available space. For example, a one-piece range will require less space than a separate cook top and oven. The range should not usually be installed under a window that opens, because cur tains are a fire hazard, and glass and window trim are hard to clean. Space requirements for refriger ators vary. The direction the refrigerator door opens is very important. The latch side should be adjacent to the counter. Avoid locating a refriger ator in a corner (even though there may be an adjacent counter) so it is necessary to back away each time the door is opened. For more information, call the Warm Springs Extension Office at 553-1 161, ext. 238 or 239. Home buyers look for efficiency Energy efficiency is a top con sideration for more than tw o-thirds of home buyers w hen purchasing a new home according to a recent study by Professional Builder Magazine. Five-thousand new home buyers listed storm windows, effi cient water heaters and storm doors as the leaders, followed by double glazed windows, clock thermostats, triple-glazed windows and solar water heating. For more informa tion on these energy savers contact the Extension office at 553-1161, ext. 238 or 139.