Spilvay Tymoo
WAKM SPRINGS, OKKCON 9776!
August 29, 1986 I'ap 5
With gas prices down, continue to watch consumption
With gas prices falling it's easy to
become complacent about gas
mileage.
While a drop in a car's fuel
economy may not show up as notice
ably on the monthly fuel bill, a
combination of mechanical malfunc
tions still could cost a driver more
than S200 a year in wasted gas.
Car Care Council says motorists
could be adding up to 25 percent to
their fuel bills without realizing it.
The figure is based on a typical full
size car getting 18 miles per gallon
and driven 1,000 miles per month.
Here's how it works:
Judges' workshop
to be offered
1. If the car needs a tune-up it
could be using as much as 11
percent more gas than normal. At
$ 1 .20 per gallon, the waste amounts
to about $8.00.
2. If tires are eight pounds undcrin
flated not uncommon when cold
weather arrives), rolling resistance
of the tires increases consumption
by five percent. The cost in fuel,
$3.60.
3. If the front wheels are '4-inch
out of alignment, another factor
that affects rolling resistance, chalk
up another two percent or about
$1.40.
4. If the cooling system thermo
stat is stuck in the open position,
causing the engine to run too cool,
engine efficiency may be reduced
by another seven percent. The cost
$5.00
The total addition to motorists'
gas bills under the above circum
stances is 25 percent, at a cost of
approximately $18.00 per month.
Car Care Council says that while
this hypothesis is intended to empha
size the need for preventive mainte
nance to conserve fuel, there are
other, possibly equally important
factors to consider.
An untuned engine also can affect
vehicle performance in critical situa
tions, while emitting excessive
exhaust pollutants.
Improperly aligned wheels can
affect a vehicle's safe handling cha
racteristics and cause undue stress
on major front-end components
that could lead to failure.
Additionally, misaligned, underin
flated tires can wear out 25 percent
faster. That's like throwing away
one new tire in four.
Finally, emphasizes the Council,
observe the speed limit. For every
five miles per hour you press beyond
55 mph, you lose about one mile
per gallon.
NSNV
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
EXTENSION
SERVICE
The Oregon Slate University Extension Service
offers educational programs, activities and
materials without regard to race, color, sex,
age, religion, national origin or disability.
Clay Penhollow
Mollie Driscoll
Joan David
Exercise essential for good health
Persons interested in becoming
4-H Clothing Judges at County
Fairs should plan to attend the
Judges' Workshop in Portland on
October 2-3, 1986 or learn what is
expected in 4-H clothing construc
tion. The workshop will be conducted
by Barbara Sawer, Oregon State
University Extension 4-H and Youth
Development Specialist, and Ardis
Koester, Extension Textiles and
Clothing Specialist.
During the workshop, those attend
ing will learn about the 4-H clothing
project and its nine progressive
skill levels, about the role and
responsibilities of a 4-H judge, and
receive an up-date about clothing
construction techniques, Serger
sewing, and fashion theory.
In addition, participants will have
a chance to develop their skills in
judging 4-H clothing exhibits and
fashion revues using "conference
judging"techniques. In this setting,
the judge discusses the exhibit with
the 4-H member.
Those interested in attending the
October workshop must register
by September 15. Additional infor
mation and registration forms are
available from the Oregon State
University Extension office in Warm
Springs. The Warm Springs Exten
sion Service will provide transporta
tion and materials and registration.
What's the most important
lifestyle change you can make to
lose weight or maintain your present
weight? Exercise!
According to recent studies, regu
lar aerobic exercise will help you
gain control of your weight more
than any other single factor.
A team of experts at the University
of Wisconsin has found that exercise
allects two hormones which help
regulate weight. One is an energy
giving hormone known as adrena
line. Higher energy levels help both
weight loss and weight maintanance.
Although overweight people tend
to have less adrenaline in their
bloodstreams than lean people, exer
cise can raise the adrenaline levels.
That means exercise also can increase
the amount of energy used.
According to a group of Australian
investigators, exercise also affects
the hormone insulin, which helps
the body burn blood sugar. Many
obese people tend to have a resistance
to insulin. This means that their
. bodies convert more sugar to fat,
instead of burning the sugar as
energy. With regular exercise, how
ever, body tissue tends to become
less resistant to insulin.
The studies may help explain why
you use more calorics when you
exercise regularly, not just while
you exercise, but throughout your
daily activities. Vigorous exercise
raises your metabolism (the rate
your body uses calories) during the
vigorous activity, then keeps your
metabolism higher even after your
exercise.
Locate documents before emergency
Do you know where your impor
tant family documents are?
If you were faced with a family
emergency, would you be able to
find insurance nolicies. marriflpe
Properly preserving onions is
key to successful storage
Successfully curing onions is pret
ty much a matter of being able to
recognize a few important signs.
The curing or drying process is
the key to successfully storing
onions.
Onions that will go into storage
are mature and ready for removal
from the soil when their tops have
fallen over. Pull the onions, shake
the dirt off and lay them out to dry.
In eastern Oregon, leave onions in
the garden to dry in the sun. A
week of drying is usually enough.
In western Oregon, the fall rains
or heavy night dew can make drying
onions more difficult. Taking the
onions indoors and placing them in
a dry, warm and airy place. Lay the
onions on racks or screens so dry
air can circulate around the bulbs.
The onions are ready for storage
when the neck has withered and the
outer skin is dry and shiny. Don't
store onions before the tops are dry
or you may eventually find a gray,
fuzzy mold growing on them.
Keep the onions in a dry, dark
place where the temperature stays
between 35 to 50 degrees F. Pull
the dry tops off the onions and put
them in mesh bags or slatted crates.
Onions do not keep well in paper
sacks or cardboard boxes.
If roots reappear on stored onions,
the storage conditions are too moist.
If sprouts appear, the storage
temperature is too high. In either
case, if the onions aren't moved
into better storage conditions they
will deteriorate.
In less than ideal conditions,
stored onions will keep no more
than three to four months. The
storage period is shorter for Sweet
Spanish and Bermuda onions than
for small globe-type onions.
certificates, or even social security
numbers for family members?
If your answer is no, you are like
most people, most of us not only
don't know where the family's val
uable papers are, but also don't
know which papers should be con
sidered valuable.
Like other family resources, val
uable documents should be reviewed
periodically. Such reviews help fam
ily members learn more about their
valuable papers.
That's why the Oregon State
University Extension Service re
cently produced a new publication
called "Do You Know Your Valuable
Papers?"
"This publication will help you
inventory your important papers,
locate your papers when needed,
direct others in an emergency, and
evaluate your family business
affairs," explains Alice Mills
Morrow, OSU Extension family
economics specialist.
Complete the valuable documents
list included in the publication and
then file it in a handy place at
home. Some people may wish to
make copies of the list to give to a
relative or close friend incase of an
emergency. The list should be up
dated and reviewed at least once a
year. .
Copies of "Do You Know Your
Valuable Papers?" EC 1234, are
available at no charge from the
Warm Springs Extension Office
553-1 161, ext. 238.
Floor plan determines convenience
Onion recipes available
The floor plan of a house largely
determines its convenience, liabili
ty and satisfaction. Small houses
need to be more carefully planned
than larger houses.
The size and shape of rooms,
and the relationships of one to
another, influence how well a
housing unit will function. The size
Foryourfreecopy of moreexciting
Sweet Spanesh Onion Recipes, send
a stamped self-addressed envelope
to: Idahoregon Onion Recipe book
let, Idaho-Oregon Onion Promotion
Committee, P.O. Box 307, Parma,
Idaho 83660.
Onion-Zucchini Skillet
1 large onion
2 tablespoons oil
2 cups sliced zucchini, cut '2-inch
thick
1 tablespoon water
Vi teaspoon oregana
lA teaspoon lemon pepper
2 medium tomatoes, cut into
inch wedges
Peel onion and cut into I -inch
wedges. Should measure about 2
SA cups heat oil in skillet. Add
remaining ingredients, except toma
toes. Saute a few minutes. Cover
and simmer ten minutes longer to
heat tomatoes. Makes four to five
servings. Another time, vary the
seasoning by using basil, dill, parsley
or curry powder in place of oregano.
Microwave Method:
Place all ingredients except toma
toes in a 1-quart microwave-proof
casserole, omitting water. Mix
gently. Cover and microwave on
high for six minutes, stirring after
four minutes. Add tomatoes. Cover
and microwave three to four minutes
or until tomatoes are heated
through.
After the last berry,
clean up the beds
. it ; I'mK I I
r rmmmammamMmmmmmsfrrr' 1MmrrwHMi iTfT - .
When June-bearing strawberry
plants have yielded their last berry,
it's time to clean up the harvested
strawberry beds.
Remove all old and dead plant
materials from the beds either by
hand or by mowing just above the
plant crowns with a rotary lawnmo
wer. Also be sure to remove any left
over strawberries, especially those
that are rotted or damaged, as they
are a potential source of disease.
Dead plants should be removed
entirely from the strawberry bed.
Apply a complete fertilizer to the
bed. A 5-10-10 or 6-20-20 formula
tion applied at a rate of one-half
cup per ten feet of row is
recommended.
In general, established strawberry
plants require an application of
fertilizer only once a year, in late
summer, to promote good fruit
bud formation for the next growing
season.
Excessive foliage growth and poor
fruit production on this year's plants
could be the result of an unneeded
application of fertilizer in the spring.
June-bearing varieties (Marshall,
Northwest, Hood, Shuksan, Rainier)
bear fruit only in late spring or
early summer. Don't confuse June
bearers with everbearing varieties
(Quinault, Tillikum, Gem, Ogallala,
Rockhill), which produce two crops,
one in June and another in late
summer or fall.
Everbearing strawberry beds
should be cleaned up later this fall.
of a room does not always indicate
the amount of usable space. Poorly
located doors, windows or closets
can reduce the usability of a room.
Look for plans that permit flexibili
ty in use of space, have good traffic
patterns, and make maximum use
of all storage potential.
When you evaluate floor plans,
remember that thecriteria are similar
for a house, an apartment or condo
minium or'a mobile home. Follow
these steps on order:
1. Traffic patterns. (How you
will move from room to room and
through the rooms)
2. Activity areas. (How the house
is zoned for working, living,
sleeping)
3. Room relationships. (How one
room functions with respect to
others) '
4. Details of individual rooms
and other spaces.
When you first step into a house,
or look at a floor plan, try to
visualize how traffic will move
through the house. Don't let beauti
ful furnishings in a model home, or
pretty pictures in a magazine, distract
you. Study the floor layout first,
and if the traffic pattern is poor,
look for another plar. rather than
waste time evaluating individual
rooms.
Traffic flow through a house
should be direct, convenient, and
logical. It should neither interfere
with a good furniture arrange
ment, nor interrupt activities within
a room. Traffic should not interfere
with privacy.
1 The traffic flow at the service
entrance of the house should be
considered. Much of the family
traffic will be from this entrance.
Direct access to a clean-up area is
desirable.
It should be possible to go from
the service entrance to the bedroom
area without going through the
living area. If service entrance traffic
must go through the kitchen, it
should not be through the meal
preparation area.
When the second floor in a two
story house is used primarily for
sleeping, locate the stairs so family
members can get to their bedrooms
without crossing other rooms. Space
is used more efficiently if the stairs
to the second floor are located
above the stairs to the basement.
For more information call the
Warm Springs Extension Office at
553-1 161, ext. 238.
Webworms are out
Water crucial in heat
Summer worker Deannie Smith left her mark at the Warm Springs
Extension Service ofice. A B office windows are adorned with curtains
she made.
Critical times to make sure garden
vegetable plants get enough water
are during spells of hot, dry weather
in August.
Critical watering times in the
garden are when sweet corn begins
to show tassels, and when tomatoes,
cucumbers and summer squash are
setting fruit.
A dry period that causes plants
to wilt for several days can be
extremely damaging to vegetable
plants. With tomatoes, the result of
lack of water is blossom end rot.
Garden watering can be done in
a variety of ways but the use of a
garden sprinkler, such as an impact
or oscillating type will work well.
Apply about one inch of water
during each irrigation. The amount
of water can be measured by placing
a can where it will collect water
from the garden sprinkler.
A thorough watering should keep
garden plants in good shape for
five to seven days, depending on
weather and soil type.
If water begins to puddle during
irrigation, the sprinkler is putting
out water faster than the soil can
take it in. Crusted soil, which pre
vents water from penetrating the
soil can be broken up with shallow
cultivation.
Also, an application of fertilizer
in the garden early in August will
help fatten the harvest. Dont apply
fertilizers high in nitrogen. Nitrogen
encourages the growth of leaves
and stems at the expense of vegetable
fruits. On tomatoes, for example,
nitrogen will make the plant foliage
grow more vigorously at the expense
of the tomato fruits.
Instead, apply a complete fertilizer
such as a 10-10-10 combination.
Either broadcast the fertilizer over
the planted row or band it along
the plants in the row. See the
fertilizer package for application
rate recommendations.
Industrious fall webworms are
out again building their webby
homes in ornamental trees and
shrubs around the home landscape.
Because the damage webworms
inflict on shrubs and trees is similar
to that caused by tent caterpillars,
many homeowners confuse the two.
Actually the tent caterpillars is
Yellow jackets can
pack quite a sting!
Yellow jackets aren't great in
size, but they still pack quite a sting
as any victim of a yellow jacket will
tell you.
Yellow jackets are most likely to
sting people when they get too
close to a nest entrance. And because
yellow jackets are strongly attracted
to cooked meat, especially salmon,
stings also may occur at picnics
and outdoor meals.
These pest often sting people
without any warning, he added.
Yellow jackets make nests in trees,
large bushes, under eaves, in attics
or in underground cavities. Insecti
cides and traps may be used in
control yellow jackets.
Insecticides available for control
of yellow jackets and other wasps
usually contain carbaryl, diazinon
and pyrethrin.
Several of these products are
sold in pressurized cans. Others are
available as wettable powders or
liquids that you can make into
sprays.
Nests should be treated after
dark when the yellow jackets are in
for the night. The use of flashlights
or lanterns around nests may be
risky because yellow jackets might
react to the light and leave the nest.
Treat the nest following the direc
tions on the insecticide label.
McNeilan stressed.
If the nest can't be located, traps
containing an attachment may be
the next best control. Commercially
prepared traps are available in most
nursery and garden shops.
Place traps away from centers of
human activity so they draw wasps
out of recreation area-
Many patterns
available
Gearing up for back-to-school
(or off-to-preschool) sewing? YouH
find that children's patterns are
basically in five sizes: infants', todd
lers', children's, girl's, and boys'.
You also may find chubby patterns
for girls and husky patterns for
boys.
But, before you buy any pattern,
go measure your youngsters again.
Take their measurement often, espe
cially w hen they wear toddler through
children's sizes, because children
grow fast.
Select patterns that are simple in
design, have a style that will last,
and contain some built-in growth
and self-help features.
Put your imagination to work.
Select only a few patterns, but
make several garments from them
and use a variety of fabrics.
active in the spring and early sum
mer. The fall webworm is a late
summer and fall pest.
Fall webworms feed on plant
leaves near the tentlike webbing
they produce on branches and twigs.
This feeding can severely injure or
kill small trees and smaller branches.
Many ornamental trees, such as
alder and birch, and large bushes,
such as lilacs and others with soft
foliage, are favored by the fall
webworm. Walnut and fruit trees,
including flowerng cherries and crab
apples, are frequently infested.
Adult moths lay their eggs on the
undersides of leaves in June and
July. The eggs hatch about a month
later.
The fall webworm is a pale yellow
to brown caterpillar with a yellow
strip along each side and a dusky
stripe along the back. Full grown
caterpillars are about an inch long.
The webbing can be cut out and
burned, or the caterpillars can be
controlled with insecticides.
Diazinon, Sevin, and Bt (Bacillus
thuringiensis) are recommended for
use on ornamentals. Follow the
directions on the insecticide label.
Spraying should be done as soon
as the tents appear. Large tents are
difficult to penetrate unless you
have a pump-type sprayer that deve
lops a powerful spraying force.
Repeated applications may be
needed.
Did you Know?
Non-food items may account for
25 percent of your "grocery" bill.
Household supplies, pet supplies,
tobacco products, and health and
beauty aids may be less expensive
at discount stores.