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Spilyay Tymoo
Warm siki(;s, okkko.n 97761
March 28, 1986 Pap- 5
"Blue Sky" designed to promote science
The National 4-H Council
recently premiered the dynamic
new television scries, Blue Sky
Below My Feet Adventure in
Space Technology. As part of
the premiere there was special
tribute to the late Challenger
Astronaut Ellison Onizuka, a
host for the Blue Sky series and
! a lifetime 4-H supporter.
4-H and Arthur Young work
ing in connection with the Na
tional Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) joined
forces to develop this dramat
ically innovative program about
science and technology for ele
mentary 4-H'ers and children
nationwide. Project Blue Sky
consists of a series of videotapes
and support materials that use
the most exciting features from
the space program as models in
teaching basic scientific prin
ciples and theories.
The initial segment of Project
Blue Sky concentrates on the
topics of forces and gravity.
Colorful footage of shuttle flights
and astronauts working in weight
less conditions visually highlight
the individual lessons presented
in the videotape. Impluse, a
friendly character, is introduced
and will continue to appear in
:ach episode of the Blue Sky
television series. In addition,
NASA astronauts, videotaped
at the Johnson Space Center in
Houston, Texas, serve as guest
hosts in each program. The first
show features astronauts Bob
Crippen, Ellison Onizuka, Ellen
Shulman and Don Williams.
In the second program of
Project Blue Sky the design and
manufacture of a space suit is
used to make young people
aware of the functional nature
of clothing, the difference be
tween synthetic and natural
fibers, and the consumer's role
in selecting and caring for clothes
designed for specific uses.
Astronauts Bob Crippen and
Mark Lee host the episode.
The third program in the series
will focus on the topics of nu
trition,food and fitness; 'Scenes
of astronatus preparing food in
space, graphics of basic nutrients
and their benefits, demonstra
tions in food processing, and
footage of NASA fitness pro
grams all help to illustrate the
third show. NASA astronauts
Bob Crippen, Ellison Onizuka
and Don Williams serve as guest
hosts.
The series and support mate
rials have been in production
for more than a year. The tel
evison shows were produced
and directed by Joseph A.'
Becker. Becker's last project,
To Think, was a 70mm dramatic
film about artificial intelligence.
It was the American entry in the
1985 Tskuba World's Fair.
Dr. Ralph Baxter developed
the Blue Sky Mission Manuals,
curriculum support workbooks
for young viewers. Baxter is the
Associate Dean for Academic
Affairs at George Mason Univer
sity of Virginia. Staff at Oregon
State University, Michigan State
University, University of Geor
gia, and University of Connecti
cut served as consultants.
The Blue Sky package: video
tapes, Mission Manuals, leader's
guides and other support material
will be madeavailablefordistri
bution by the National 4-H Coun
cil. In addition 4-H is establish
ing Blue Sky clubs in schools
and communities across the coun
try. The Blue Sky clubs are
intended to encourage interest
in space, the space program,
and activities and careers related
to space technology.
Blue Sky Below My Feet will
be premiered in Oregon during
the fall of 1986.
4-H is the youth education
program of the Extension Service
of Oregon State University and
the U.S. Department of Agricul
ture. Blue Sky will enable 4-H
to meet the needs of young
people across the nation by distri
buting the latest information
and learn-by-doing activities to
enhance knowledge in a variety
of subject matter areas related
to science and technology.
Arthur Young, the intcrnatio
nalaccountingand professional
services firm, will use its Produc
tion Center in Reston, Virginia
to create Project Blue Sky. The
Production Center was originally
built to develop training tapes
for use in the continuing educa
tion of all Arthur Young profes
sionals. Due to the continued
success of the Center, the opera
Jon was expanded in recent
years and equipped to handle
broadcast quality commercial
ventures.
NASA continues research and
development in aeronautics and
space science. Operation Liftoff
is NASA's elementary educatio
nal program that endeavors to
be a catalyst in developing new
prototype educational materials
and programs. Its goal is to
stimulate, students' interest in
science, mathematics, and tech
i nology using NASA related mate
, rials and services. Blue Sky is a
current project under Operation
-Liftoff.
OREGON STAT6 UNIVERSITY
(TENSION
SGRVICG
The Oregon Slate University Extension Service
otters educational programs, activities and
materials without regard to race, color, sex,
age, religion, national origin or disability.
Clay Penhollow
Mollie Driscoll
Joan David
Careful food shopping ensures savings
Home economists with the
Oregon State University Exten
sion Service have first-hand evi
dence that a family of four can
have nutritious, satisfying meals
on $268 a month, if they plan
and shop carefully.
Caroline Cannon, Multnomah
County Extension agent, and
Janet Calvert, Lane County
Extension agent, participated
in a shopping demonstration to
determine what it costs to pur
chase food for a family of four
during one week in February, i
They, and Extension staff mem
bers in seven other Western
states, used a food shopping list
developed by the Food and Nutri
tion Service of the U.S. Depart
ment of Agriculture. The monthly
figure of $268, or $62 a week, is
what the USDA calculates it
takes to purchase foods for the
thrifty Food Plan upon which
food stamp allotments are based.
The study in which Extension
staffers all shopped during the
same week was coordinated by
the Western regional office of
Food and Nutrition Service.
Costs reported by the Exten-
sion shoppers ranged from a
low of $54.84 in San Bernadino
to a high of $6 1.99 in Sacramen
to. Cannon, who helped in Port
land, spent $58.73. Calvert spent
$61.29 while shopping for the
same list of foods in Eugene.
Difference in costs "was more
a function of shopper likes, dis
likes and imagination as well as
the availability of specials on
that particular day than the
difference in food prices among
the 26 cities."
First, it showed that it is
possible to have a satisfying,
well-balanced diet on a tight
income, and it helped the Exten
sion staff better understand the
choices that must be made by
families with limited incomes.
Both Cannon and Calvert are
with the Expanded Food and
Nutrition Education Program
which works with low income
families. Lewis is state coordina
tor of the federally-financed pro
gram. Lewis pointed out that the
shopping demonstration proved,
again, some basic principles in
food selection and purchasing.
First, go to the store with a list
and take advantage of specials.
Use coupons, but only for items
needed and if the net price i
lower than other brands.
Prepare food from scratch, if
possible, because convenience
foods save time, but not money.
Select fresh fruits and vegetables
in season. Use meats with less
fat and bone and consider the
number of meals each cut yields
when choosing the best buy.
Finally, check unit prices to
compare the cost among brands
and package sizes.
Both agents used the same
shopping list, but each exercised
some judgement once they were
in the store, Lewis explained.
For instance, both substituted
fresh grapefruit for canned grape
fruit sections. Calvert saved
money by buying canned green
beans rather than frozen. Cannon
spent a little more buying an
Oregon-brand cheese.
The list also included the pur
chase of some foods that will
last more than a week, Lewis
commented. For instance, the
agent purchased a 10 lb. bag of
flourand a can of baking powder.
Both agents were alert to in
store specials. Neither purchased
the lemonade concetrate on the
list. One bought grape juice,
while the other chose to substitue
orange juice.
What the demonstration
showed, Lewis stressed, is that
careful shopping and planning is
the key to making food dollars
stretch.
Clothing care instructions helpfu
.Mr-1
"Finance is the art of passing money from one hand to another until it finally
disappears."
Leonard Levinson
If you've purchased new cloth
ing recently, you may have no
ticed drawings of wash tubs,
irons, dryers, and other symbols
related to how to care.forjhe
garment. "," : '
The drawings are the Interna
tional Clothing Care Symbols
developed to help consumers
care for the garments they pur
chase. The development of the
, ."sign language" reflects the inter
national trade in clothing and
the need to overcome language differ
ncesamqng consumers.
,r To help Oregonians under
stand the symbols and to take
proper care of their clothing
purchases, the OSU Extension
Service has a full-color wall
chart of the symbols with explan
ations of their meanings.
Designed to be used as wall
chart in the laundry room, the
one-sheet publication includes
information about the symbols
used for washing, bleaching,
drying, ironing and drycleaning.
A single copy of the symbols
chart is available for 25 cents
from Extension offices in Oregon,
Washington and Idaho. Copies
may obtained through county
offices of the OSU Extension
Service or ordered by mail from
the OSU Bulletine Clerk, OSU,
Corvallis 9733 1 . When ordering
by mail, include 25 cents to
cover postage and handling for
each copy ordered.
Growth similar in toddlers
For a long time behavioral
scientists have been observing
how babies grow and learn.
They agree it's a slow series of
achievements that are remark
ably similar among all children.
While parents are in charge of
childrearing and promoting this
process, three factors make each
child different from all others:
hereditary temperment dictates
how childrerTreact to living;
environment is the culture or
places where children live; and
experiences they have daily. All
contribute to the formation of
personality, attitudes, and beha
vior. ;
Babies are absorbed in their .
physical and emotional growth
and meeting self-centered needs
as they adjust to the world.
They understand and remember
little beyond how to get attention
for hunger, warmth, soiled pants,
pain, or social contact. Toddlers
enter a new stage of development
as their curiosity and mobility
brings changes in family partici
pation and territory to explore.
Keep in mind that parents are
teachers. There's no schoolroom
but in your home you're con
ducting short, simple lessons
about everything. You provide
safe and entertaining materials
and space for an exploring child,
and you enthusiastically share
toddler's interests by helping
and showing how things are
done. Then you let them try
their way. As a disciplinarian
you follow a few rules and rou
tines that help toddlers learn.
You have the final say in disagree
ments. It's essential to set pat
terns of guidance for now and
later years. For example, if todd
lers are not to climb on the
coffee table, that means all the
time, not just when it's convenient
for you to distract them or
move them to where climbing is
appropriate.
Firmness will not make your
toddler love you less. They are
better able to deal with the
family and the world if you set
and enforce realistic boundaries.
Physical development in the
second year is marked by i new
awareness of ways to use the
body more efficiently. They
achieve a clumsy walking style,
climb stairs by hazardous
methods, and seem to be always
jumping over, around, and under
objects.
There's a wide variation in
the age at which talking begins.
Whether they talk or not they
are understanding more of your
conversation than you think.
Their first one or two word
sentences usually stems from
wants such as "me milk," pointing
to the milk carton, or "me do
it." You can expand their vocabu
lary by making a game of naming
objects or animals; first the real
thing, then pictures in a book.
In the second year there is a
fascination with hinges so expect
turning pages to be more interest
ing than the pictures.
Independence is not always
easy for parents to deal with.
Toddlers now recognize they
can win your attention through
various actions good or bad.
They are increasingly assertive
about doing things themselves.
They take great pride in accom
plishment but have a new nega
tive attitude toward what you
want them to do. They'll say
"No" to many of your sugges
tions. It's best handled by pa
tience, distraction, or ignoring
whenever possible. It's important
that they develop self-confidence
so you may have to think of new
ways to convince them to do
things.
Around age two toddlers deve
lop into delightful companions
with good social relationships.
They are fantastic helpers. Capita
lize on their friendly attitude by
teaching words, colors, shapes,
names of objects, and how to
follow directions. Set the table,
put away toys, sort clothes, or
clean the living room together.
Reward them with encouraging
words and praise.
Teach children
respect, not fear
Marriage maintenance necessary
Job descriptions tell what is
expected of you at work. When
questions come up about how
you're doing, reviewing your
job description will measure your
success. Working people keep
extremely close tabs on the expec
tations of their jobs. They would
do well if they also gave as much
attention to the job of maintain
ing a good marriage relationship.
"People need to get satisfac
tion from two parts of their
life," says Marcelle Straatman.
Oregon State University Exten
sion Human Development Spe
cialist, "their families and their
work." Marriage and family pro
vide fulfillment that you just
can't get anywhere else.
Couples today marry for com
panionship, but that appears to
be the first thing given up in the
time pressures of working cou
ples, especially if there are chil
dren. We laugh when someone says,
"Everybody needs a wife." In
traditional marriages a wife was
handy not only forkecping the
house running, but also forgiving
the work-weary man emotional
support. He could leave work
worries behind and be renewed
by the coddling of an ever loving'
wife. True or not, it's what our
fantasy says. Now, who's going
to care for whom as both husband
and wife come home from the
cruel working world?
You have to do it for each
other. You both need to be
greeted warmly, given time to
readjust to home and family,
have someone listen to your
trials, and give you moral sup
port. Partners must work at making
the relationship worthwhile, it
does not happen automatically.
Failed marriages blamed on the
work rat race have in reality lost
the magic of commitment, codd
ling, care and communications.
"Nobody cares about me," is a
too frequent complaint. Over
the years competition, inequality,
and indifference become habitual
and suppress responsiveness and
support.
A job description for the part
ners in a lasting marriage or
other successful relationship
might have the following charac
teristics: Be committed to making the
relationship work; respect one
another as individuals; have sepa
rate identities; be tolerant of i
each other; be flexible and be
able to cope with changing family
roles; talk about your problems;
negotiate solutions rather than
avoid conflict; be willing to share
power; be interested in each
other; trust each other; laugh a
lot together.
If you and your partner showed
. all these characteristics everyday,
that would be ideal, but main
taining a sense of humor while
working on your marriage job
description makes your relation
ship more fun each day.
. Whatever you do, make com
ing home a pleasure start the
evening with the good stuff.
There's plenty of time later for
other kinds of news or problems,
such as "Why didn't you pick
up the groceries for dinner?" or
"What! Another parking tic
ket?" "We call it re-entry time,"
notes Straatman. it is a brief
interlude for settling into life
together rather than an extension
of the work world or a time for
recrimnations about household
tasks undone or forgotten.
Working couples have to make
the most of the limited time they
have to make their marriage to
one another worthwhile.
: By summer's end the novelty
. of freedom from school, and
summer play begins giving way
to a growing restlessness in many
children. As restless youngsters
search for more exciting things
to do, remind them of the possi
ble dangers their exploration
may hold.
One way to warn children is
to focus on the idea of "respect"
rather than fear. Respect is
showing honest regard for other
beings, whether animal or human.
For example, children can be
taught respect, rather than fear,
of insects, snakes, wild animals,
or unfamiliar domesticated ani
mals, such as dogs and cats.
Creatures that bite or sting when
alarmed are best left untouched.
Children can remember to ob
serve and study creatures yet
leave them alone to "do their
things."
Since you cannot know how
a wild animal of unfamiliar pet
will behave, it is best to admire
them from a distance rather
than rush to handle them.
Swimming or wading in the
ocean, lakes, pools, or streams
becomes a frequent activity in
summer. The more exposure to
water children have, the braver
and more adventurous they be
come. They need constant re
minders to respect water.
Rules regarding swimmingand
other water play must be clearly
established and rigorously en
forced. It's prudent to constantly
repeat when, where, with whom,
and under what circumstance
children may enter the water.
As children explore their neigh
borhood they need to be alert to
the possibility that other adults
or older youth may try to make
children do things they don't
feel comfortable doing. Parents
sometimes find it hard to talk
about sexual abuse, yet it too
involves respect.
Explain to children that their
body belongs only to them and
that they have the right to say
no to anyone whom might want
to touch them,
Teach your child never to get
into a car with anyone or go
anywhere without permission
from you.
Encourage children to tell you
if anyone invites them to help
look for a pet or other child, go
for a walk, or play a hiding
game. These adults may be stran
gers'but they may also be ac
quaintances, relatives or siblings.
It's important to emphasize
that even though most grownups
do not want to hurt children,
children have the right to say
no, even to people bigger than
they are.
Dormant sprays should
be applied now
-raanciw
AWAY
Dormant sprays should be
applied to deciduous trees and
shrubs now to reduce insect and
disease problems which may
occur later on in the season.
Dormant sprays are called
that because the chemicals are
applied to trees and shrubs while
they are still dormant or before
they leaf out.
Scale, aphids, coddling moths,
mites, mildews, leaf miners and
loopers are some of the pest
problems which can be reduced
significantly with a timely dor
mant treatment.
Lime sulfur, polysul and bor
deaux mixtures are variations
of dormant chemicals which can
be used.
These chemicals are harsh on
foliage and should not be used
on evergreen trees or shrubs
and after leaf or flower buds
start to open.
In all cases label directions
should be followed.
t
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