66 a Page 4 Section 1 Capital AJournal An Independent Newspaper Established 1888 BERNARD MAINWARING (1897-1957) Editor and Publisher, 1953-1957 E. A. BROWN, Publisher GLENN CUSHMAN, Managing Editor GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor Emeritus Published every afternoon except Sunday ot 280 North Church St. Phone EM-46811 Full Leased Wire Service of The Associated Press and The United . Press. The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for pub lication of all news dispatches credited to It or otherwise credited In this paper and also news published therein. SUBSCRIPTION RATES By Carrier: Monthly, JI.25: Six Months, 17.30; One Tear, 113 00. By mall In Orecon: Monthly, 11.00; Six Months, 03.00; One Ytar, 19.00. Ry mall Outside Oregon: Monthly 11.23: Sli Months, 01.30; One Year, 113.00. Belated Union Purge Begins? The AFL-C10 executive committee has unanimously or dered three unions, the Laundry, Distillery, and Allied Indus trial Workers, to clean out "corrupt influences or face sus pensions within 90 days and The action was based on 1955 f "being dominated, controlled by corrupt influences. , These unions have a combined membership of 1,700,000 and were ordered to "eliminate bar from office those who have for these abuses. Doubts were AFL-CIO president, whether the purge, but he wants to give them an opportunity to. Attorneys for the accused unions claim there was no evi- dence to warrant the council's vague. Meany said the unions influences but will be given other chances for 90 days to show they have reformed. If not, suspension stands. The charges include one that union official received $650,000 who handled the union welfare of alleged mishandling of welfare funds in the other two unions were also cited. The 30-member Senate probers, headed by Senator Mc- Clellan (D-Ark.), will start a racketeering tie-ups shortly. Its chief counsel is Robert Ken nedy, assisted by 10 or 15 investigators. Meany is to be con gratulated on his clean-up campaign, So the prospects look good and goons, which may yet include questioning of Dave Beck, kingpin of the biggest union of has been located in Nassau, Europe just getting a rest." These Bills Should Among bills that should be given top priority In the Oregon Legislature, and listed in the "must" category, are those for the welfare and instruction of children and adults who are mentally retarded, The demands for these measures are twofold. One is the growing number of the mentally-retarded. At Fairview Home, where the present population is 1900, there is a waiting list of 368. Thousands of others are not in institutions, a limited number of them receiving special instruction under the school system. The other reason is that these persons should be comfort able and happy, given opportunity to become as useful as may be, and extended all the sympathy and respect given persons with any other disability. One of the bills in the Legislature, prepared by the special education division of the Stafe remove the restriction of the present law which limits special instructional classes "in any school district, county or region" to two in any fiscal year. The meet the demand. A companion bill would increase from $40,000 to $120,000 annually funds for the special class pro gram. Another bill is the biennial appropriation measure for Fairview Home, which totals $3,315,000 for expansion of per sonnel and services, including a building to provide 600 new beds for patients. The third bill would set up a joint legislative interim com mittee on mental retardation. Approval of this bill, it is said, "will be a milestone In the development of state programs for all mentally-retarded children and adults." Its studies and reports will be valuable to the 1959 and later Legislatures. Strongly backing the bills is the Oregon Association for Re tarded Children, which is authority in the cause it represents so capably. Through local units it is making its influence felt in several communities of the state. Research Bureau a Useful Agency One of the most useful agencies in this slate is the Bureau of Municipal Research and Service at the University of Oregon. Loiiiing to the editorial desk from lime to time are bulletins and memoranda from the bureau, prepared simply and con cisely, dealing with the variety of problems anij. issues with which municipal and slate governments: have to concern them selves. They contain valuable matter for the editorial and the news writer, and are equally valuable for persons of any other occupation who are interested. They are, as they should be, purely informative and unbiased. Latest lo be received are the bureau's annual compilation of property tax levies In Oregon cities, and a separate memo randum on the trends In assessed values of taxable property in Oregon. The two have the answers to almost any question that can be asked about assessment and taxation in Oregon, presented in explanatory text and numerous tables, and the memoran dum has much to say about the property reappraisal movement in the state. Their publication is timely, in the early days of the 1957 Legislature, where taxation is a paramount subject. For the information compiled, the bureau relies largely on the county assessors and the State Tax Commission, to whom It gives credit. The convenience of the documents Is that the assessment situation in any community can be found almost at a glance. Personal compliments are in order, to Herman Kehrll, di rector of the bureau, and two others to whom he gives credit Thomas Kigby, bureau research assistant, who prepared the bulletin on city tax levies, and Mrs. Norma Frazec, who com piled tho tables and made the calculations. Cruel Law in England The theory about the dominance of mind over matter does n't seem to be working among the rich men of England. England has a law designed to prevent rich men, before they die, from giving their money to relatives to keep it out of the hands of the inheritance tax collector, who can, If the estate is big enough, take 80 per cent of it. A provision of t In law Is that the gift must be made at least five years before the giver's death, or the tax man gets It anyway. So, when rich old uncle gives his money away he makes a project of living five years or more, which, when you think about it, Is all for the benefit of the relative. He bends every mental effort to his will to live. But It seems to work in re verse. He worries himself lo death, and Lord Webb.lnhnson. an eminent English physician, reports that these wealthy men are dying off by the dozens before the end of five years. It's a cruel law, the doctor says. II sure is. Imagine the strain pkw is in all that money f 'Tsr joing to have ihc fun of spending any of it. tk actuation may change the usual English screen plot. TuWad fl the relatives conniving to bring about uncle's dc Bise they'll be trying to keep Uia old boy alive. eventual permanent suspension." senate welfare fund disclosures, and substantially influenced these corrupt influences" and "tolerated or are responsible expressed by George Meany, the three unions would conduct action, and the clean-up orders were well aware of the corrupt an indicted distillery workers from the insurance broker fund accounts. Similar charges year - long probe of labor union for a purge of union gangsters them all, the Teamsters, who Bahamas, with air tickets to G.P. Pass Department of Education, would present restrictive law doesn t In tho bank and not knowing RAY TUCKER Tucker Hits Desecration Along Lafayette Square WASHINGTON Final dese cration of the most historic acre ot land in the Unilcd Slates is i assurcd-as a re- suit ol the AO- m i n i stration's decision to i b u i 1 d a $30,- 000,000 ofticc structure hous- ing almost 4,- 000 workers along Lafayette Square in the District of Co. lumbia. hay TucKKii Lafayette Square, a leafy and forested nark fronting the White House, ranks in beauty and legend with the Place de la Concorde in Paris, St. James Park and Trafal-. gar Square in London, the an cient Forum in Rome and the Agora in Athens. American fig ures as famous as Napoleon, Nelson, Caesar and Socrates once walked this rich acre of earth. For years there have been suggestions that Lafayette Square be restored to its original state in the manner that the Rockefel lers have remade Williamsburg, Va., to Its colonial likeness. But commerce and government have invaded this sacred place. Restor ation propsals have come to noth ing, and now an unromantic Uncle Sam will wipe out its last links with the nation's birth and growth. Historic Personalities Lived Here On one corner of this fabulous acre of land, Daniel Webster wrote his bristling replies to Haync and Calhoun, which did so much lo glorify and to preserve the Union. Across the street stood the residence of Banker W. W. Corcoran, who helped to finance the hard-pressed Union in the Civil War and gave "Wash ington its first great art gallery before "Andy" Mellon outdid him. Down the same street lived Lincoln's private secretary, John Hay, in a house which was sub sequently inhabited by Judah Benjamin, one of the Confeder acy's ablest and kindest leaders and Cabinet member. Next door lived Henry Adams, author of the classic "Education of Henry Ad ams" and a member of the great Bay State Adams tribe, .which gave us 'wo Presidents. Neighbors of the Great , America's first intelligent his torian and the founder ot the Naval Academy at Annapolis, George Bancroft, lived nearby in a Victorian brownstonc that is now the headquarters for a labor union. Next door is the old church where so many Presidents have worshipped. On the corner now occupied by the Veterans Administration GEORGE GALLUP I 2 Approval of Labor Unions At All-Time High in U. S. By GEORGE GALLUP Director, American Institute of Public Opinion PRINCETON, N. J., Feb. - Organizcd labor in the United States has more friends than at any time in the last 21 years, a nationwide survey of American voters indicates today. As part of its continuous stu dies of public opinion concern ing U.S. labor, the American In stitute of Public Opinion has ask ed at repeated intervals whether the public approved of labor un ions in principle. These surveys were the first to show that a sizable majority of Americans were not "anti-union The first study in 1036 found 72 ner cent in favor of unions, with 20 per cent opposed and 8 per cent expressing no opinion. Today, a comparable study finds 78 per cent approving of unions, with 14 per cent disap proving and 10 per cent express ing no opinion. The survey question put lo people in all walks ol lire by in stitute reporters: " n general, no you approve or disapprove ot labor unions?" Approve 77o Disapprove 14 No opinion 10 This is not to sav that the pub lic annroves of all union policies and practices or that the public considers all strikes justified. But there is no denying that the public is overwhelmingly sympa- thelic to labor s rigni to organ ize for collective bargaining. Over the years tho institutes index has provided a running pic ture of the country's sympathies whero the problems ot organized labor are concerned. Even at the height of the "sit- down strikes" in the summer of 1(137, which most Americans dis approved, the great majnritv con tinued to approve of labor tin ions in principle. It was during Ihc year pre ceding our entry into World War II thai a marked falling off in public support of unions net-lined and "anti-union" sen timent reached its peak. This was a year marked by a series of strikes and stoppages in key defense industries. Nut until 12 years later did unions recoup this toss in popu lar favor, as the following trend table of national sentiment since Nut) shows: Ap- Disap- No prove prove Opln, low m I 'i.l 9 into inn 1917 in lit 20 20 21 -i 30 2S 2 18 O 14 8 8 ft 14 9 It lfi 7 10 68 fit fil 84 M 19.', 3 ...75 TODAY ....7 building stood the old Arlington Hotel. Perhaps the most import ant political hostelry in the United States, it has housed, win cd and dined visiting royalty, some of our greatest Presidents and every military hero since George Washinglons day. Catty-cornered from this site stands the balconied and ivied dwelling where Dolly Madison en tertained, and whence she fled in her nightgown to escape a mid night fire. , Next door was the house where one of John Wilkes Booth's co conspirators tried to kill Edwin Stanton, Lincoln's Secretary of War. In this same house lived the man who brought the first mule to the United States. And here resided Chief Justice Taney, whose Dred Scott decision helped to precipitate the Civil War. Scandal Resulted In Tragedy On this square, too, the "in credible Sickles" murdered in cold blood Philip Barton Key, son of the author of "The Star Spangled Banner." The victim of the shooting had been too friend ly, according to court evidence, with the Tammany s general s young and beautiful wife. Sickles was acquitted, but his wife was condemned and shunned by Washington society. Across the Square, on Jackson Place, Teddy, Roosevelt and his rambunctious brood dwelt in a soonlo-bc-dcslroyod brownstone during the renovation of the White House. And abutting the corner are the Blair-Lee homes. They are now the repository of wandering royalty such as King Saud,Tut they are more memor able as the spot where Robert E. Lee rejected Lincoln's offer of a Union command, and decided to fight for Virginia. The great Lee hated slavery and secession, but he loved his Virginia. Untouched Classic Symbols Two classic symbols of ancient times and American titans will remain untouched. One is the statue in the Square of "Andy" Jackson, sitting astride a gallop ing horse that seems to defy the law of gravity. The other is the squat, solid and shuttered early Eighteenth Century dwelling, where Stephen Decatur, the renowned naval commander who bearded Nasser's Mediterranean pirate predeces sors, died after his Bladenburg, Md., dual with Commodore James Barron. It was Decatur who gave this country its most honored toast and one which is peculiarly ap propriate today: "Our country! In her inter course with foreign nations may she always be right. But our country, right or wrong!" The chief public relations pro blem of American labor unions today lies not so much in the hostility of American business men. who as representatives of 'capital" are considered the tra ditional foe of labor, but with farmers. Although a majority of farm ers today are sympathetic to un ions, one out ol every lour tarm ers is hostile to the idea of un ionism. The results of today's survey by occupation groups: Ap- Dlsap- No prove prove Opin. Prof. & llusnss 73 17 10 White-collar ..77 13 10 fanners BO 25 15 Skilled workrs 84 10 fi Unskill. w'k'rs 82 10 8 The vote by geographical sec tions of the country: Ap- Dlsap- No prove prove Opin. "O 71- Kast 83 11 7 Midwest 75 16 9 South 6ft 17 14 West 71 16 10 Other survey highlights: 1. Younger people tinder 50 are somewhat more sympathetic lo unions than are older people 2. While the survey finds lit tie difference by education lev els. those who have attended col lege are inclined to be slightly more critical of unions than are those who attended grade school Copvrlnht 1M7. Aniffli'an lnstltnte ol rut-Hi- Opinion Quick Heading Come spring, there will be a new feature in the Muscovite Inndsrime Bolt courses. With view lo making friends and influencing people, Soviet Foreign Minister Dimitrl Shepi lov has reversed the ban which his predecessor, Vyacheslav M. Molotov, had Imposed on the game. "There are no golf courses in Russia. Molotov once told American diplomat who had in quired about the location ol I good golf course near Moscow and there never will be any. Golf Is anti-democratic because it isn't a popular game Now. however. Shrpilov has or dered that all Soviet diplomatic personnel must learn golf. Madrid (Madrid, Spain) NOT FOR NOTHING Retirement Is made easy tor oldsters who are to gel more in a year than they had paid in a life. It is the youngsters wno m pay nutt pay. Gctt sonoMisnR. for nolhind is alvam ft Iirtaina" business and ek'r-a ilti (!, Ihemselvit))) working Ju,SiMr man County Journal, Q , THE CAPITAL JOURNAL. A DAVID LAWRENCE WW ( I'w&H'T KNOW y. t 1 H$ GUN J ' jr Some Seek New Limits for Contributions to Campaigns WASHINGTON There's nothing in the constitution which says a person cannot spend as much of his own money as he pleases to persuade other, persons to vote for a particular c a n d i date for public office. In these days of solicitude for "civil rights," talk has arisen about enact- d. i.awiiknck ing a new law to limit campaign contributions. It re lates to a possible requirement that only limited amounts of money may be placed in a party treasury or in tbe hands ot an organized political committee. The whole theory behind the federal corrupt practices act is that organized effort may be reg ulated only if it be used for some corrupt or illicit purpose. But the courts in the last few years have told the Department of Justice it could not invoke the federal cor rupt practices act to prosecute a labor union in Michigan that was financing a television program on which speakers favorable to its viewpoint appeared during an el ection campaign. Most Act as Individuals While it is true, of course, that corporations and unions arc by law forbidden to make any cam paign contributions, this cannot prevent union members or corpor ation stockholders from acting as individuals outside the unions or corporations. Some form of regulation such as disclosure of funds contributed by anyone can be valid without in any way altering the right of the individual to give as much money as he pleases to the cause in which he believes. But it is one thing to require publicity for cam paign contributions and a different and doubtful procedure to try lo limit by law the size of the contri bution. The same constitution which permits a law to say that a foun dation may spend tax-free income derived from philanthropic be quests and use millions ol dollars a year to influence public opinion on any cause, ranging from social ism and theoretical communism to an espousal ot the free-enter prise system, can be invoked by any citizen to salegtiard his free dom of speech when he spends money as an individual in a politi cal campaign. Anything of Value If Congress could sav. for ex ample, that no more than $50(1 or $5,000 may be spent to elect a candidate (or public office, it could constitutionally say also what sums may be expended by the cit izen for any purpose related to the selection of a nominee for of fice. The citizen might then be forbidden to use his automobile to transport persons to the polls, as this would be a "contribution." He might be prohibited from letting his home be used as a meeting place or from serving any refresh ments to his guests if they talked about the current campaign. The word "contribution" is dc fined by present law as "anything of value," yet corporate employes and union members continue to draw their regular salaries while spending days at a lime at a cam paign headquarters or making el ection speeches. The supreme court In 19M, moreover, upheld the right ot union to publish and distribute its own newspaper and insert political ieagcs there in. Tie Msr! riiwd U knri this i-twJ! an Owl j a ttmz&t gMtg ,lti. vim m ffl Matter of Defense public questions, it is improperly subjected to criticism. Bill of Rights Guarantee The Bill of Rights of the con stitution protects freedom of speech. Under it, any man has a right to advocate any cause dur ing or before any campaign. Ex penditures may be made by the in dividual for any purpose except to impinge on the rights of other voters or to participate in any kind of fraud or deception. It is constitutional to prohibit anyone from attempting to bribe or unduly influence a candidate for public office in order to obtain some personal favor or beneficial action by such individual when elected, but it is hard to see how a citizen who spends his money to help elect someone and doesn t ask a thing for himself can be told he can spend only a specified sum. Broadly speaking, Congress has the right to control federal elec tions, though for years there were legal doubts as to whether federal laws could regulate expenditures in primary contests for federal of fice. But certainly there is no fed eral right to control the spending of individuals for local purposes for county or state candidates. How, for instance, can a political committee which is set up to help both state and federal candidates be required to separate exactly how much it is spending for each when it erects a banner or some other big sign on the highway which says merely "Vote Demo cratic" or "Vote Republican"? Rich Gave Heavily The subject of limiting campaign contributions has been up again and again for consideration by Con gress. Every now and then as happened last week there Is is-1 sued a report by a congressional committee pointing with criticism lo the large amounts of money contributed to political parties by various individuals and families with wealth. All the money, how ever, contributed by the very rich is small in proportion to the total sum collected. The inference that Hie rich get something out of it that nobody else does, or that there is some thing wrong with large contribu tions, is derived from past evi dence of alleged irregularities, Congress, of course, can still re fuse to admit to membership any one for whom an excessive amount was spent or anyone who himself has been engaged In wrongful practicies to secure an election victory. To declare, on the other hand, that an individual can be limited in what he contributes when it is spent for a lawful purpose and without any connection with any bribe or improper influence, is to say that (ho individual can be prevented by law from spending his money for a cause that seems worthy to him. There is nothing in the constitution which says the cit izen can be deprived of such a civil right. Schaefer's Liniment This vlauabls time tried lini ment in use 60 years, has proved effective in the treat ment of rheumatic and neu ralgic paim, sore muscles, backache, lunbum, insect bitti, Itching or burning fttt. Only at SCHAEFER'S DRUG STORE 9&tn rjf. H9'ufv (i t p.m. , ttftrXww m - 3 p. m. S fT CMWRCIAL BEN MAXWELL Civic Groups 3Ioved Against Bergman Show Feb. I, 1950 Rev. Wesley Turner, pastor of the Leslie Methodist church, had said that he expected to summon members ol tne civic and re form committee to discuss pos sible action against presen tation of the movie "Strom boh" at local theaters. A $3 million dollar high ben maxwell school in South Salem with elementary classrooms in needed parts of the city had been proposed as a school im prove program for public consid eration. These prices were advertised at Safeway this day seven years ago: Brand name coffee, 73c a lb.; grade A butter, 69c. a lb.; grade A eggs, breakfast gems, 43c. a doz.; smoked ham, top quality, 49c. a' lb. Gov. Douglas McKay had told delegates to the fourth annual convention of United States Hop Growers meeting in Salem that too much government control over agriculture's products, including hops, would bring eventual disas ter. Speaking at a Jefferson meeting of the Santiam Flax Growers As sociation, Harry Dorman, state budget director, had warned that lack of cooperation between mem bers of the association, or lack of uniformity of their product, would wreck the industry that brings mil lions of dollars to the slate. Dor man pledged state support of the state flax industry so long as members continued to cooperate with one another. Salem's streets had been dam aged to the extent of $12,000 by recent cold weather, the greatest damage occurring to unpaved streets with only a gravel surface. Damage would have been much greater with a record low ot -10 on Jan. 31, 1950 had not the ground been covered by snow. 1 , Da v V A.ccoxw"ftoo&. Easy to open Easy to "add I Easy to us Salem, Oregon, Friday, February 8, 1957 1AMES MARLOW Living Costs Have Risen 74 Per Cent Since 1952 WASHINGTON OO-Wherc's all this inflation President Eisenhow er is worried abut? Living costs since he became president in January 1953 have gone up 3-D perjjsr-- cent, mat s oniy the latest boost in the long rise Between Janu a r y 1941 and January 1957 liv ing costs have climbed 74 per cent. Eisenhower this week warned vaguely the gov ernment may James marlow have to act to control prices and wages if inflation doesn't stop. But anything his administration will do seems far off. Borrowing Only Control Only yesterday Secretary of Commerce Weeks, a member of Eisenhower's Cabinet, said he knows of no plans or studies by the government to step in. Mak ing it just a little harder to bor row money from banks is about the only control used now. Here are some figures showing where living costs have gone up, the debt people get themselves into, and what has happened to wages and profits in Eisenhower's first four years in the White House. ' Food Shows Drop The Bureau of Labor Statislics is the government agency which gathers figures on living costs and wages. It breaks living costs down into categories of spending. In those four years: The only item showing a drop was food down two tenths of 1 per cent. Here are some of the things which went up: medical care 12.8 per cent; clothing 2.3; hous ing, which includes the purchase price of new homes, repairs and maintenance 6.1; rent 108; transportation, which includes the price of new and used cars, re pairs on them, and fares on buses, trolleys and trains 2.9. , Others which went up: reading and recreation, which includes motion picture theater prices, the prices on TV and radio sets and newspapers 1.4 per cent; person al care, which includes toilet arti cles, and prices in beauty and barber shops 8.4; and other ids and services, which in cludes tobacco, alcohol, legal services, and so on 6.4 per cent, j Here are increases and de creases in some of the items in those categories: liJ, Mm v "Just as good" is never good enough when medi cation is prescribed for you. Prompt prescription service is our specialty. Bring your prescriptions to us for compounding. to us for compounding. Capital Drug Store 405 State St. 617 Chemeketa St. We Give &C Green Stamps Better earn! Insured up to $10, ofety mtmam. "SAVE where saving PAYS" Current Rate 3 per annum First Federal Savings And Loan Association o CONVINIINT DOWNTOWN LOCATION 129 N. C0MMIRCIAI Used Cars Drop New cars went up in price 4.3 per cent; used cars went down 218: repairs on autos up 13.6; fares on bdscs, trolleys, trains up 18.5 per cent. Hospital rates rose 23.7 per cent doctors' fees up 11.6: the price on new radio sets dropped 12.4 per cent; on new TV sets it dropped 10.6 per cent. Some other figures, obtained from other government agencies, showed personal income in Ei senhower's first four years rose from $237,400,000,000 after taxes to $288,200,000,000. But people didn't depend entire ly on the increase in their income to buy more things. They went into debt to buy things they could not pay cash for. And this was the result: consumer credit jumped from $19,403,000,000 to $31,552,000,000. Debt Almost Startling The way the people went into debt is almost startling: auto loans rose from $7,733,000,000 lo $14,436,000,000 or almost double in four years. That was the biggest single jump in the credit depart ment although personal loans took a leap also up from $4,111,000, 000 to $7,184,000,000., In addition to this particular kind of credit debt, there was an other which was amazing: home mortgages in those four years went up from 58'4 billion dollars to 98 billions. Wages in Ihe same period also advanced. Average weekly earn ings for workers in the manufac turing business went up from $71.34 to $84.05. In the same period corporate profits were advancing from a yearly rate of $39,500,000,000 to $41,200,000,000. NOT SURPRISED AT BECK Out in the west where citizens know Dave Beck they are not sur prised at his attitude about rack eteering. Sherman County Journal. ''Mother Was So Pleased . . . to know that everything that could be done, was done." 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