Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980, January 08, 1957, Page 4, Image 4

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    Page 4 Section 1
Capital AJournal
An Independent Newspaper Established 1888
BERNARD MAINWARING, Editor and Publisher
GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor Emeritus
Published every afternoon except Sunday at 280 North
Church St. Phone EM-468M
TuU Leased Wire Service of The Asunriated Pren and The United
Press. The Associated Press n exclusively entitled to the use for pub
Ucation at all news dispatches credited to it or otherwise credited in
this paper and alto newt published therein.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES
By Carrier: Monthly, 11.23; Six Mnnths, f7.Mi; One Vrar, flVOft. By mall
In Oregon: Monthly. 11.00; Six Month, 5 UU; One Year, 19.00. By mall
Outside Oregon: Monthly f 1.25; Six Months, 97.30; one Vear, 115.00.
The Filibuster Dies Hard
Reform of the ancient Senate rules will come hard. A dcler
; mined attempt was made by a coalition of members of both
; parties to change the rules to make it harder for a minority to
filibuster. But when the vote was taken they failed, 55-38.
The party division was very close and among the leaders
there was division too, Nixon supporting the filibuster foes,
though he got no vote, Knowland opposing the change, as did
the Senate's Democratic leader, Johnson.
To most people civil rights was the big question, but to sena
tors much more was involved. Kvery senator could remember
when he'd been in the minority and most of them had filibus
, tcred or sympathized with a filibuster. It might happen again.
Some raised the point that tho majority is not always right,
which is true, and that it is ofen against public interest for a
domineering majority to ram legislation down the throats of
opponents who may tomorrow be a majority.
The obstacle encountered in hamstringing the filibuster
; right suggests that abolition of another hoary old Senate rule,
; that the oldest member In service in the majority party be the
committee chairmen will also come hard. Our congress is about
' the only Institution left on earth that chooses leaders by their
age, but political longevity is the sure way to power in con
gress and members are reluctant to destroy it. After all, one
may get to be a chairman that way himself.
; Both the filibuster and the seniority method of picking com
' mittce heads are outmoded and should be abolished. The more
progressive senators should not quit because of this rebuff.
Eventually they will prevail.
Time's Man of llic Year
Time Magazine's "Man of the Year," is an appealing selection
; which millions of persons, snmo outside the United States,
i await with keen interest as the year ends.
; Usually Timo picks a particular man, not always an Amerl
.' can. Stalin, Hitler and Churchill were winners, as were our
own Roosevelt, Marshall and Eisenhower. But sometimes a
symbol is named and this was done for 1956, when the free
dom fighter of Hungary was accorded the honor. The right
eousness of this award can hardly be disputed, for these brave
men probably changed the history of the world by their sacri
fices. Suppose an individual had been named? Who most rated the
distinction of having most influenced events? His influence
need not have been helpful. Stalin and Hitler weren't when
they won.
President Eisenhower could well have been named, for lie
reached a new high in world wide acceptance as the leader of
the whole free world. However he had been named before and
Time docs not like "repeaters." Nasser of Egypt had as much
Influence as anyone, for he provoked tho Suez crisis t hat was
the worst diplomatic mess of the year, which could still create
a great war at the year's end.
Nobody came to the front In Russia. AH the big leaders there
Buffered reverses. Probably Anthony Eden's prestige fell the
farthest of any of the great national loaders. If Time didn't
want to repeat with Ike or "honor" Nasser the Hungarian free
dom fighter probably was Its best possible choice.
Knowland Springs a Surprise
Senator Knowland's announcement that he will not seek
re-election in 1958 appears to have taken everyone by surprise
and left many wondering what tho energetic Californian in
tends to do. Ho might be planning to retire from politics, but
few will believe that.
Most probablo is that Knowland will run for governor of
California next year. "Goody" Knight, the present incumbent,
hasn't done too well and may not be able to win re election if
he seeks it. Knowland is probably unbeatable in California.
If ho becomes governor ho can then run for president in
19ii0 with every chance to gain a tight grip on tho California
delegation against Nixon, or he can give up further thought of
political advancement. After all, governor of California is ,
honor enough even for the most ambitious man. And if he
eleps aside for Nixon he can probably have his choice of the
cabinet positions if Nixon is elected.
Further, retirement from the Senate two years before the
end of President Eisenhower's term will relieve tho senator
of the necessity of fighting the administration in order lo pro
mote his candidacy against Nixon, who is becoming mure and
more evident as the president's choice.
Even if Knowland is secretly planning to quit politics he
will not bo idle. His family owns the Oakland Tribune and bis
father is now 83. In fact any way you look at it, Bill Know
land's future looks all right.
Ike Didn't Purge Herman
Joe McCarthy broke his unnatural silence the other day with
a blast at President Eisenhower, whom he accused of purging
his friend, Senator Wclker of Idaho.
If McCarthy would tune around Idaho a little, be would soon
learn how wrong he is. Idahoans felt so strongly about Welkor
: that what Eisenhower, McCarthy or anyone else outside the
stale thought would have changed hardly a vole. "Aflcr all.
what can lie tell us about Herman'.'" would be the typical re
action, if Eisenhower had intervened, which he didn't beyond
the perfunctory statement that he favored the senator's re
election. This was nunc than the senator had done for most o(
Ike's measures.
Wclker was defeated because his people didn't want him
' any more. If the people o( Wisconsin feel the same way about
their junior senator, fear of which may be what is presently
biting him, nothing Eisenhower or anyone else can say will
make any difference. The people of any state know or feel
that they know- their senators belter than anyone else. Little
can be done by even a very popular president to chance this, as
both Roosevelt and Eisenhower repeatedly discovered.
A (ood Official Kexigns
In the only state that lias a one-man public utility commis
sion Charles H. Ileltel, who has held the office in Oregon for
five years and who resigned Monday, has done a good job.
' As the man in the middle between the utilities and the peo
ple his decisions have drawn remarkably little criticism from
either side. The law gives right of appeal from his decisions
to the courts, but we recall no order that he lias signed that
has been challenged in court.
; Ileltzel has been called upon to adjudicate several important
; rate cases in a time of rising operative costs and be must have
been faced with many a knotty problem to give the utility a
fair rale of return and at the same time keep the monthly
Utility bills of consumers from Ivme too burdensome. This
1 he succeeded in doing, to a remarkable degree.
! If Hcltrrl is ever again willing to sacrifice a more lucrative
law practice for public office we suggest he is good material
for a future high judgeship.
The Mayflower thcnlr in Vmg ha Ju "clvod for tet,"
jfln poor crowds or.d fw food fJms This baws ml? one
4$WArfe in tMfwie tind one In Springfield, toaapnrvd th ftae
.frftfjifn 1V.n" A runt ini1ivtr J limnn trv h-.iri Tvo
' SSSmm m 10
pu- frr 1tt,n' long Wl want
I'm
t f -Midi $m
POOR MAN'S PHILOSOPHER
Hal Comes Up With Odd Facts
Ahout Almost Everything
By HAL
NEW YORK Ifl - Things a col
umnist might never know if he
didn't open his mail:
That Jayne Mansfield, Holly
wood's greatest natural acting
talent since- Lassie, sleeps in a
king size bed covered wilh black
silk .sheets. ..nut doesn't every
body? That new generations of the
boll weevil are getting M resistant
to DTT it no longer gives them
Hie DT's. . . proving that one in
sect's poison is another insect's
mouthwash.
That the new 17 million dollar
Americans Hotel in Miami Beach
is lo luxurious. . . so help us.
it has wall-to-wall carpeting even
in the bathrooms,
That there are now 70 million
car, bus and truck drivers in the
United States. . . This leaves only
99 million pedestrains to leap out
of their way.
That the blouses worn by Edith
Adams as Daisy Mae. homespun
heroine of the Broadway musical.
L'l Abner, cost more than $100
each.
That paintings left by ancient
cavemen on their indoor walls
indicate they preferred their
women fat, a beauty ideal still
held by some native tribes.
That expectant fathers oflen
suffer such psychosomatic ail
ments as headaches, dizziness and
stomach upsets.
Tli.it Dr. Frank S. Caprio. n
Washington. D. C, psychiatrist .
says "infidelity is closely allied
with excessive drinkinc" . , . The
W.C.T.D. has been saying this for
decades.
That each cubic mile of sea
water contains 4.500,000 tons of
magnesium.
That atomic healing of factories.
office buildings nnd other large
structures eventually wm n c 1 p
solve the smog problem . .
looking for
Ike Sounds Like He Has lost
Confidence in U.N.'s Power
Hy I.YI-K C. WUJiON
1' idled tvk staff Correspondent The United Nations can always be the language in the speech and tnin ntprnational peace and se
WASlllNilTON IT' President , helpful, but it cannot be n wholly th.it in the resolution. It's the curit'; MMsures taken by mom
Kisenhower's explanation of his ; dependable protector of freedom . liincuace in the resolution which rs 'n exercise of this right
new Middle hast docinne reaus
like a slalemenl of failing confi
dence in the United Nations as a
protector of world peace. That's
a new tune.
The President's message to Con
gress outlining the doctrine was
heavy with pledges to act within
the framework of the United Na
tions, lieluinee upon the United
Nations appeared, however, to be
more lip .service than real. (
Mr I-iM-nlunvcr reviewed recent
U N el forts to deal with the So-
vie- Union's invasion of Hungary!
and telt compelled to report lo
Congress that in light of events
in Hungary the United Nations is
not a dependable protector of
world peace not. that is. when
Communism is the aggressor.
Kremlin Knjoys Veto
Mom'ow enjoys a built-in veto to
preent UN. Security Council nc- for blank check authority to make Council. The United States and asked, -Can vou identify vour
tion against any commotion m hot war m that area and upon Russia both wanted the veto solr" " '
which the Kremlins men may
choose to engage I he Security
Council's muck action against
Communist aggression in Korea in
June ot was a lucky fluke.
The Russian council member had
abandoned the council and had no
opportunity to veto organisation of
a U N. military command for Ko-
re a
The Sonet Union was present
and voting, however, when the Se-
curity Council sought to require
it ithdr.iwaJ vi lUssno .o ined
traro fYirm Hungary Having
c rd fhui fra;rif in fai in hi
daci' c me.. Mr. Fcnnorrcr
jnrt U ihur y
"And U 'he Soviet tftioU has
shown cauVut ir&ffftrftce U tv
I rrcpmnaifr.!iitOfft, vo ttw cen-,
an Old Cowhand
BOYLE
Los Angeles can locate it by ra
dar. That Japan is the only country
where pearls have been success
fully cultivated. (In America men
who can afford to buy a girl
pearls are cultivated even more
successfully.)
That although former President
Truman was photographed sever
al times holding up fish while in
office, the Fisherman's magazine
raises this burning political issue:
"Did he actually catch any of
them himself?" . . . Well, HST.
how about it? . . We pause for
reply.
That lobsters have sex just like
most everything else . . . There
are hen lobsters and cock lobsters
. . . Anyone seeking further in
formation on this vital subject is
hereby referred to the Fulton Fish
Market.
That Kate Smith, who never
took a singing lesson in her life.
once aspired to a career in opera
. . . cave ll up on me anvice oi
Leopold Stokowski.
That a medical survey showed
a trend among doctors of all types
to reduce their cigarette smoking.
That a lawyer named John C.
Argue has been admitted to the
California state bar.
That prosperity may make peo
ple even more jittery than pov
erty . . . Else why did U.S. physi
cians write 3T million proserin-
. . , j i ,
tionsfor tranquihzing drugs last
yclr? .,a-.fc- i-
null I. : )iiiiii!iit i suited tnem.
Sanlayana who observed. "The Thanks to one of those loop
young man who has not wept is: holes, Eisenhower was able to
a savage, and the old man wnom,ike the proposition he laid be-
will not laugh is a fool.'
IW n VWv Driver
.. "J". "" " .
u.x.i I... w mi .n.pmu.m huih
to make, don l trv to dc sum e or
; clever. Use n pile driver. Hit the
i point once. Then ennie back nnrti
.hit it again. Then hit it a third
; time a tremendous whack.
! sure, of the General Assembly.
wnen me amnuions oi me m ici
Union are involved.
"Under all the circumstances 1
have laid before you. a greater
responsibility now devr'vrs
ipon
the United States.
Vein Power Crippling
mere 11 is in snmp w-oun
words: The Soviet Union veto pow-
er nas made tne l nited .Nations
undependable as the protector of
world peace. Therefore, the United
States must assume greater re -
sponsibilities.
The responsibilities in this in-
stance involve the possibility of a
hot war in which the United
.states, with such allies as might
pitch in on their own. would op -
pose the armed might of the So -
iviet Union in the Middle Kast,
( Mr. Eisenhower's Saturday mes -
sage to Congress was a request
mat potential enemy without fur-
ther reference to Congress.
Money Cost Huh
There is no knowing whether the
; United States eer will have to
make good on the hot war phase
of tne Eisenhower doctrine,
The money phase of the doc-
trine. howeer, already is in the
planning stage. The one certain
factor in the new doctrine is that
it will cost a lot of money. The
down payment will be ftoo m-1-
lion, plus whatever may he spent
from available funds during the
remainder of the current fiscal
year. o
' That means that taxes will re-
main where they are for a lone
time to come, probably as long as
two or three ) cars.
THE CAPITAL' JOURNAL'
Debutante in Babylon
Newsweek
History is anything but precise
as to the identity of the first
debutante, but Herodotus, antici
pating the first society reporter,
notes an affair in Babylonia which
might easily qualify as one of the
earliest coming-out parties:
"Those who had marriageable
daughters used to bring them once
a year to a place where a great
number of men gathered around
them.
"A public crier made Ihcm
stand up and sold them all. one,
alter another. He began with the ,
most beautiful and having got a '
large sum for her he put up the
second fairest. But he only sold
them on condition that the buyers
marry them."
Marlow Thinks Ike's Plan
Would Circumvent the U. N.
By JAMES MARI.OW each to block the other in a tough
Associated Press News Analyst situation, or to try to. For ex
WASH1NGTON Wl-Wherc does ample:
President Eisenhower's plan
for sending American forces into
the Middle East to stop a Com
munist attack leave the United
Nations? About where it was be
fore. Tho U. N. will work only so
long as its two biggest members,
the United States and Russia,
want it to work.
Because they don't trust each
other, and didn't when they creat- it could veto a request hv Kiscn
ed the I'. N. almost 12 years ago, hower to approve his use of Amer-
"" - .......... ........
irnl loopholes to let them maneu-!
!vcr prc"y freoly '"'
fore Congress and still maintain
he was acting within the spirit
and meaning of the V. N.
Jfe asked Congress for advance
authority to use. when he wished.
, Amril,.in nrm.j itl m
. : t . ::":.:
, :Vl"a;p r'J-sl l" ncin
' T , T ' , V
1 "'" ,-V", l,mmi- UUIIMU,UU u
international communism.
J??? X '""LJl ',!!!'! impair the inherent right of
ways: first, with a personal plea inrii..iHll . , th, m1H k ,fc.
to ( engross last Saturday; second. ,.:, A . n .- j
with a carefully worded resolution' J 1 i7 ul r
prepared by his aides. It s notlnJ ,lha could bf ?e lm ed
the speech, but the resolution. I Stte a,ndJ JT, C0Untr5,
which he akcd Conqress to ap -
tprove
, The'rP rfiifWonrA h.Mun
, counts because, when Concress
'approves the resolution, that be-
, comes the formal policy of the
1 covernment
In his address Eisenhower said:
any use he made of American
for eon would he "snhioet to I hp
overriding nuthintv" of the V. N.
Security Council. What does that
me:in" Nnthine if von then eo on
( rcnd the wording of the reso -
jution:
- if an emergency arose and Ki-
senhower sent troops into the Mid-!
d,. Kast. he would nottfy the Se- i
cuntv Council "immediate.v.' In
short, what he would really do is
net first and tell the council about j
1 it later.
f The reason, from Eisenhower's
(standpoint, ts understandable. The
1 big powers have a veto over each
other's actions in the Secuntv
in the charter.
It was the crowning mark of
their mutual distrust It enables
' 444 STATE ST.
Inaugural Joh
Falls Squarelv
On Ike's Staff
By MERRIMAN SMITH
United Press White House Writer
WASHINGTON UP) Back
stairs at the White House:
This is really the first time the
staff of President Eisenhower has
felt the full brunt of an inaugura-
lion. j
In 1953. the Eisenhower adminis-1
tration was taking office for the ,
first time and the bulk of the in
auguration planning was done by
an outside committee.
This year the Eisenhower staff
is confronted with many more
problems than in 1953. One of
these hinges on the fact that a
president's staff increases consid
erably after four years in office.
At the time of his first inaugura
tion, .Mr. Eisenhower had really
not developed a staff of any con
siderable proportions. Now his
staff runs into the hundreds of
men and women, ail of whom ex
pect tickets for the inaugural pa
rade on Jan. 21 ana, wnenevcr
possible, a chance to attend one of
the four inaugural balls.
The inaugural committee on the
other hand wants to sell as many
tickets as possible rather than
pass out free ones in order to
meet the expenses of the lavish
ceremonies which run over a per
iod of three days.
Thus, it becomes inevitable that
some people, even though close to
the White House, must pay to sec
the parade. There just are not
that many free seats available.
Another big headache for top
members of the White House staff
is the daily load of mail and tele
phone calls from administration
friends who are perfectly willing
to pay for tickets, but want "good
seats." By "good seats," most of
these friends really mean that
they would like to watch the in
augural parade virtually in the
President's lap. They, too. arc
doomed to a certain degree of dis
appointment because the presiden
tial reviewing stand for the big
parade will hold less than 200 per
sons. Mr. Eisenhower had better fig
ure out some way of getting a
long nap on inauguration day be
cause he will be up rather late
that night.
He and Mrs. Eisenhower will
drop in at all four inaugural balls.
They won't start out until rather
late, probahly arouna iumu p.m.
Theoretically, the Eisenhowers
won't spend much more than 20
minutes at each hall, but only the
incurable optimists believe it will
be possible to stick to this sched
ule once the Eisenhowers arrive
at a place and are engulfed by
friends and well wishers.
Suppose a Communis-dominat-
ed nation attacked an Arab coun
try which asked American help.
Suppose then if. instead of re
sponding at once, Eisenhower
went before the Security Council
and said: "I think the council
should authorize joint action by
the whole U. N. to stop this ag
gression
Russia could veto that, just as
. iirtn nines nt-iurc lie st-iu iiit-iu
into battle But if he used the
forces first and told the council
later, it would make no difference
what Russia did then.
But doesn't the U. N Charter
in some way require its members
to go through the international or
ganization before taking military
action, even in an emergency?
No. There's a loophole for that
too. Once again the United States
and Itussia showed their suspicion
anu missia sno
other by building this
, loophole, called Article 51, into the
, charter. It says
'V..tVin in K t 1
: 7 ' "5 BVip an 8 ,
j attack occurs against a member
of ,ho ln'1 Nations, to main-
oi scu-oeicnse shall be imme
diately reported to the Security
Council and shall not in any way
affect the authority and responsi
bility of the Security Council un
der the present charter to take at
any time such action as it deems
necessary in order to maintain or
I rrstnro international peace and
security
1 That brings up another loophole,
.If. after sending American forces
into battle. Eisenhower ntifiw!
the Security Council and Russia
tried to get this country to pull
back, the United States could veto
that
at.
Yes, She Could
Boston Globe
A pretty young th-.nc tried to
p.mh a rhr.k .it a h.inl- .-and u:,
She irmned.atelv whipped out a
mirror, looked into it and said,
"Yup. that's me."
PHONE EM-3-S528
Ike Now Seeks What Woodrow
Wilson Sought 38 Years Ago
By DAVID LAWRENCE
. . . : I... Inln Thft
WASHINGTON.
Jan. 7 The I
Eisenhower doctrine represents a
distinct advance toward we pre
vention of world
war. It is a great
step forward for
the present. But
someday af
ter the pending
resolution
is passed
there could be
an extension of
its main prin
ciple and then
t h e Woodrow
Wilnn Doctrine
would at last be accepted in its
entirety as the cornerstone of
permanent peace in the world.
Thirty-eight years ago next
month this correspondent listened
at Paris when President Wilson
told the gathering of allied govern
ments there that a League of .Na
tions must be formed to protect
weaker nations against external
aggression. John Foster Dulles
was present as an adviser and
attache of the American delega
tion. Later that year as President
Wilson traveled across the United
States, this writer heard him de
clare again and again in h i
speeches that Article Ten of the
charter of The League of Nations
was the "Heart" of the problem
of world peace.
The wording of Article Ten was
prophetic. It stipulated that the
members of The League must
agree "to respect and preserve as
against external aggression the
territorial integrity and political
independence of all nations."
This riter watched in 1319 the
Republican party in the senate at
first sympathetic but later on
partisanly pressing the destructive
"reservations" that killed the pro-
Salem 19 Yrs. Ago
Postmaster Henry R. Crawford
had opened a copper box in the
cornerstone of Salem's old post
office and found the contents bad
ly damaged by water. (Corner
stone for Salem's old post office
was laid by the IOOF May 30,
1901. The structure is now Willa
mette university law school).
Milton A. Miller, 76, U.S. col
lector of customs and prominent
Oregon Democrat, had died. Mil
ler, a picturesque figure in a wide-
hrimmed hat and a black bow tie,
was an authority on the history
of Oregon and served three terms
as mayor of Lebanon.
Busick's 19 years ago, had ad
vertised these brands of coffee for
25 cents a pound: Hill Bros.,
Golden West, MJB, Maxwell House
and Si W.
Formal opening of the new Scv
enth Day Adventist church at
North Summer and Hood streets
was set for this Saturday in 1938.
Secretary of State Earl Snell
and State Treasurer Rufas Hoi
man had said that Governor Mar
tin needn't feci bad because he
didn't get an office shower in the
new eapitol. The governor, they
pointed out, had been given a $15,
000 private elevator while they
had to go down the hall to a
public rest room.
Compulsory premartial medical
examinations for the control o f
syphilis loomed as an important
political question at the next state
election.
Kesters Golden
Moment
Albany Democrat-Herald
Life isn't overburdened with
eolden moments.
Hut Randall Kester of Portland :
must have felt a surge of high
pleasure this week when he took
; his seat as a justice of the State
I Supreme court.
j It was Kester. we recall, who a
year ago did what wise attorneys
! are not supposed to do. Without
any personal interests at stake,
he told them thev were off base.
I In fact, he brought suit pointing
(out that the Supreme court was
! unconstitutional in hiring circuit
judges part time to help out with
the backlog of cases,
i While other attorneys were tell
ing Kester that this was no way
to get along in the profession, the
Supreme court granted Kester'6
point and ruled itself wrong. Rath
! er than incurring enmity, Kester
brought respect.
SOLA.
Vt Easy t0 "aid l0"
1 Insured safety MrmttA,
up to $10,000 Wi mji 1
gj. "SAVE where saving PAYS"
ffflp Current Hate 3 per annum
F Klin' ii
wri'iii '9
Salem, Oregon, Tuesday, January 8, 1957
posal lor -American u
League of Nations which so many
of us were enthusiastically sup
porting. Today many Democratic party
members of congress, some of
whom during the past year the
centennial of the birth of Woodrow
Wilson have Dcen m a k i n g
tnoerhes extolling him as a great
leader in world policy are begin
ning to behave line tne itepuunc
ans of the old days. There is, for
instance, evident in the Democrat
ic National Committee's statement
the same spirit of captious criti
cism and quibbling that the Re
publicans exhibited in 1919. It may
be that the Democrats for partisan
reasons will try to block the way
now toward what they ought them
selves to be advocating an ex
tension of the Eisenhower Doctrine
to include resistance against ag
gression from any quarter.
For the President some day may
be willing to broaden the guaran
tee he now is asking congress to
give so it will eventually apply
against all kinds of aggression and
not just Communist aggression. It
is obvious that peace in tne Mid
dle East will never be attained un
til some outside force or influence
either the United Nations or a
group of the major powers acting
alliance witn tne uniico
States is exerted to employ
force, if necessary, to guarantee
that the boundaries of each coun
try in Asia and Africa, when fixed
by international agreement, shall
be "respected and preserved"
against any form of external ag
gression. It is plain to see that if such
a broad guarantee had been em
bedded in the United Nations
charter or were included some
day in the Eisenhower Doctrine
there would be justification for an
international examination of t h e
problem of Hungary and the use
of military force to make secure
the political independence of
that country now enslaved by the
Soviets. It would, indeed, open the
way to the unification of East and
West Germany by enabling the
people there in free elections to
decide if they wish to be united
under a government of their own.
Would this involve war? Not if
the intent of the major powers
were clearly laid down in advance
a warning. It is the failure
of the United States and partic
ularly of congress to make clear
America's intentions ahead of time
which has Been responsible for the
subsequent involvement of Amer
ica in two world wars. Those mem
bers of the senate on the Demo
cratic side, for instance, who to
day are saying that the President
already possesses the authority he
has asked for to deal with the
Middle East situation are dodging
the issue and would throw the
whole thing again into Uie realm
of uncertainty the very circum
stance that causes a would-be-aggressor
to miscalculate and to mis
construe hesitation for American
unwillingness to act.
After the League of Nations
covenant was defeated in the sen
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ate in 1919 by Republicans they
felt somewhat guilty in liter
years and came up with the Kel-l'ogg-Briand
Treaties in 1928 which
implied that the signatory poweri
would come 10 me aiu oi mo
victims of aggression." But this
was never spelled out by the Re
publican administration. Likewise
when President Roosevelt. Demo
crat, came into power he, too,
between 1933 and 1939, refused to
be explicit and to announce what
the United States would do in the
event of aggression. So when Hit
ler moved into the Rhineland in
1936 and later into Austria and
Czechoslovakia, there was no al
liance of powers to check his grow
ing aggression which finally led
in 1939 to World War II.
By approving the Eisenhower
resolution now for the Middle East,
the precedent is established for'
the adoption of similar resolutions
at a later date protecting other
parts of the world, particularly
Eastern Europe, against all forms
of aggression. Self-determination
through free elections still is the
greatest right that can be be
stowed on any people, but this
right is empty without a guaran
tee' against the threat of an ex
ternal aggressor.
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