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About Capital journal. (Salem, Or.) 1919-1980 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 5, 1956)
i Page 3 Section' I i Capital AJournal ! ' An Independent Newspaper Established 1888 ; BERNARD MAINWARING, Editor end Publisher ; GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor Emeritus ; Published every afternoon except Sunday at 280 North v Church St. Phone 4-6811 ' Full Leased Wire Service 01 The Associated Freaa and Tna United Press. The Associated Press Is exclusively entitled to the use for publication of all news dispatches credited to It or otherwise credited In this paper and also news published therein SUBSCRIPTION RATES ' Br Oarrlsr: UODthlr. Il.as; six Months, Oreson: Monthlr, 11.00; Bli Months, 91.00: One Tear, ae.oo. Br saaU Outalds Oresoa: . Monthlr. II Mi BU Months. 11. Ml One Tear, 111.00. ,:. . Wool Growers Subsidies -' ' The Agricultural Department has set the 1957 subsidized prices for wool and mohair at the same levels as this year and I last with 62 cents a pound for --monair. inese rates are announced for the marketing year Opening April 1. Spokesmen for wool growers had asked an rinerease to B7.S cents a pound ; Wool Is sold on the open market without government price .supports. At the end of the ..jats the average market price received. It then pays the grower cash subsidies to make up the difference between the -. average market price and the so-called incentive price of 62 -cents a pound. ; Wool growers are receiving -' About $55 million of the total ments had been paid by August 24, the agency stated. The , .government is paying growers $44.90 for each $100 they earned :by selling wool In the market. tionat average return to 62 cents a pound from the average ;i'niarket price of 42.8 cents. ".'. The growers, who received more than the average 42.8 ' cents on the market, cleared more than 62 cents, including -subsidy, while the growers who sold lower quality, lower priced jwooI, cleared less than 62 cents. These farm subsidies including those of crop parity subsl- dies, are ail paid by the taxpayers because the government has "no other funds and together with annual wage hikes boost not .only taxes but living costs. There is one advantage In this form or farm subsidy. It does jiand storage costs to depress prices, to be sold far below costs or jgiven away with added costs of transportation. And they stim ulate inflation and unbalanced budgets. An outright bonus for crops might cost less in the long run. The reaction of the I beneficiaries is the same they all want bigger subsidies every year, just as the unions want hikes in wages. G. P. New Look in . That descriptive expression .-a dozen years or so ago has come to apply to many things. Our admittedly hazy recollection is that it started with women's styles. Then we heard about buildings, streets, land escapes, political parties and whatnot taking on a new look. Indicating something, we don't know just what, Is a new look ' in office holders, especially in some of our cities. ,'. There was a time, not so long ago, when, to qualify for a ( public office in most cities, even policeman or fireman, the -'aspirant had to show that he had lived in the town a certain umbcr of years. Sometimes it payer. Then the cities began most recent instance in Salem the people removed all residential restrictions for police offi . cers. , But the trend Is general, and ;. of Oregon Cities shows cities f market for various types of for city recorder, Coqullle policeman, and Sutberlin for ' ator. . Possibly It's a good sign, showing that everyone Is employed and that there are more public jobs than people to flu them. ?Dr maybe it isn't a good sign and shows that qualified men are ; spurning public jobs because they can make better money else ' where. ; ' Another reason mentioned is that it is a day of specialists "and that the cities want men who are making careers in public office. The Oregon cities mentioned above are asking for experienced men. ii Anyway times have changed when, for whatever reason, i, local public jobs are not held for local people. We Drop Our Incligibles We Imagino the Los Angeles sports writers are chortling i this week over the ineligibility of Sam Wesley of the "pure" Oregon Stale Beavers, whose representatives voted for the pen alties imposed on U.C.L.A. and U.S.C. for paying players more vthan conference rules allowed. W- Wesley has been declared ineligible and suspended by the ' authorities at Oregon Stato because when entering there and since he concealed the fact Hint he had attended Lincoln uni versity in Missouri and the University of Illinois. Attendance at cilher made him ineligible for play for one year. Ho played on the freshman team the first year he was at Corvallis, ille gally it now develops. We were first inclined to sympathize with Wesley, thinking " he was caught on the horns of a technicality, for he claimed he was at Lincoln only two weeks and did not register. But he attended two schools, one of them, Illinois, until he was drop- -ped. (Had they discovered what a good football player he was?) This changes the picture. He surely knew ho was breaking t conference rules, which deprives him of any right to sympathy. But nothing can deprive Wesley of living long in the memory of O.S.C. sports fans, for he was one of the best players who ever wore the orange and black. How long Ill-fated gridiron ' Immortals live in memory is shown by the excellent article our sport columnist, Chuck Boice had Wednesday on Joe j Llllard, Oregon's great colored slnr of 1931, who had played I baseball under an assumed name before discovering our spicn- i did Northwest climate. ! L.A.'s advocates of professional football teams for their J colleges can sneer all they please, but they are bound to note I that when ineligibility is discovered up here the institution ; Itself takes tho necessary action, promptly and without squeal- i i . Delay in I Most of the community will be disappointed and land own- ! ers In the Woodburn-Gcrvais area both Irritated and relieved j at the revelation, first made in Thursday's Capital Journal, ! that purchase of land for the previously announced Air Force i ijcl base north of here will be delayed past the end of the pres ! "ent fiscal year. Two million four hundred thousand dollars J were appropriated by congress Inary work. i : What does it mean? Congressman Norblad. who Is usually ! close to the armed forces, studies will continue ana tnat ; ally planned. This is no doubt ! pose tne Air f orce can always The unfortunate thing about this delay to our way of think ' ing is that It keeps tho farmers of the area where tho base Is ! to be located in uncertainty for months longer. Many of them I aren't sure whether the government will want their land and they will wonder if the base is 1 If the Air Force plans to ! docs, it ought to proceed with 1 owners so this uncertainty can J Then it can proceed to build . Where's the candidate with a feasible plan for ending the annual autumn .slaughter In our forests? Of course without the two that would work, making 'em stay home and loading their gunt with blank cartridges. S7.MI One Tsar, Ill.to. Br Mall hi wool and 70 cents a pound for for wool. clip year, the department calcu- payments for the 1955 clip. scheduled $58 million in pay These payments raise the na- not pile up an immense surplus Office Holders "new look" which got into print was required that he be a t.iX' to relax the requirement. The was in the May election when the latest bulletin of the League in this itate going out on the officers. Albany Is advertising for an engineer, Florence for a a sewage treatment plant oper- tin? Air llase for land purchase and prelim- says it means only a delay, that tne base win be built as origin the Intention, though we sup- cnange us mma to be built at all. erect this base, as we assume it Its negotiations with the land be removed as early as possible the base whenever It gets ready. NATIONAL WHIRLIGIG Ike Has Named a Civil Rights Liberal to the Supreme Court y RAY WASHINGTON. Oct. 5 Presi dent Eisenhower's appointment of Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., to the Supreme Court has given that body a liberal majority and cast, especially in the politically emotional realm of civil libertie and human rights. The selection of the 50-ycar-old Democratic jurist from New Jer sey will undoubtedly disturb Re publican and Democratic conserv atives. They have already grum bled over the naming of Chief Justice Earl Warren and Assoc iate Justice John M. Harlan, whom they regard as too "new dealish." But Brennan's eleva tion will probably appeal to liber als and independents, as well as to the influential Irish-Catholic vote in the northeastern and mid dle Atlantic states. Although Senate confirmation is expected, that question may precipitate another snarp snow- down between the White House and the McCarthy-Jenner bloc, assuming that Ike it re-elected. Should Adlai Stevenson win, and not recall the nomination, he would have to engage in a similar brawl. Brennan and McCarthy stand at opposite poles on many issues. e Brennan Attacked "Hearings" Although Justice Brennan did not mention McCarthy by name, he inferentially denounced the Wisconsin's 1954 investigation of alleged subversives as "witch hunts." Indeed, he criticized tne general conduct of certain con gressional inquiries. He said: "Abuse of individual rights to day takes on modern dress not the sack and .crew, but -the dis torted press release with the dis torted version of what happens at secret sessions. "There are hopeful signs that we, as a civilized and decent peo- Coal Leads in Price Parade By SAM DAWSON NEW YORK UB-Coal seems set today to jump Into the wage-price boost parade. Costlier coal will be sad news for the purchasing agents of the electric utilities, of the steel mills, and of cou,.tlcss factories that use coal for heat or power. Their operating costs will go up and perhaps their prices, too. And the effect will be felt in western Eu rope which uses Increasingly big ger amounts of American coal. Another recent recruit to line parade is the cotton textiles In dustry. Prices of sheets and print cloths are rising quick reaction to the 10 cents an hour price nine for most of the textile workers in the southern mills, which came swiftly after Japan agreed to put Hie brakes on its competition with American mills. Makers of lower priced shoes are raising their prices at whole sale by 3 to 5 per cent, citing a coming pay increase of 3 per cent for their workers, plus a 5 cent an hour hike for some tannery workers. These shoes retail at from 2 to $12.95 a pair. Makers of paper bags nnd sacks are raising prices, louowing a wage raise. Distillers are also upping their price tags. And the ripples set oft the wage price increase in basic steel are still reaching the price shores in many manufactured goods. Coal users are braced lor price hiko to follow the new wage contract Hie umica iwinc Workers of America have uccn hammering out with the Bitumi nous Coal Operators Assn., repre senting the northern commercial producers and the conl mines owned by the steel companies. Consumers remember that in September, 1!W5, when wages were rnised by $1.20 a day, coal prices went up by 25 to 40 cents a ton. Now that a new wage contract has been drawn up calling tor a $1.20 hike t once and another April 1, along with vacation ben efits amounting to 40 cents a day, coal operators seem sure to raise prices again nnd perhaps more than last year. Because of the healthy domestic and foreign demand, Conl opera tors arc in position to pass along the Increased costs o.' hiking their basic wage scale to $22.25 a day. HOW CARELESSNESS PAYS From "Quote" Any car will last a lifetime if you are a careless enough. Notes on "V" s.,.,w rv jv "This It the best electronic election predictor yet. H can make excuses 11 It's wrong." TUCKER pie, have in the nick of time be come ashamed of our toleration of the barbarism which has marked proceedings at some hearings." The only "hearings" fitting those descriptions were those on Capitol Hill. Justice Mlnton and Civil Liberties Cases Justice Sherman Mlnton, whom Judge Brennan replaces, had one of the worst records in the Su preme Court's handling of civil liberties cases, according to a compilation by the St. Louis Post- Dispatch, an independent but lib eral newspaper. The Supreme Court's general average during the Vinson regime was listed as only 35 per cent. Those counted as upholding civil rights, with averages ranging from 61 to 100, were Justices Frankfurter (61)? Black (87); Douglas (89); Kutledge (00); Murphy (100). The other members scored as follows: Jackson (31); Clark (24); Burton (22); Vinson (14); Minion (14); Reed (13). It is in teresting that two former attor neys general and three former members of Congress were more zealous in holding for the govern ment than for the defendants. Justices Who Are Liberals In handling the many cases be fore the current session that in volve alleged subversives, Com munists and those who sought refuge behind the fifth amend ment, it is probable that Ike's three appointees Warren, Har lan and Brennan will join with Justices Black and Douglas to form a majority on the liberal side. Thus, while striving none too successfully to remake the Re publican party ' in a liberal im age, Ike has shown his sincerity and his determination on this controversial question in a field possibly more important than the political arena from a long-range standpoint. Finally, es expected, he has set what may become established precedent by choosing federal and state jurists of legal experience nd background Harlan and Brennan for the nation's highest judicial body. He plans to pur sue that procedure when other vacancies occur, and should he serve a second term. Salem 35 Yrs. Ago. By BEN MAXWELL Oct. 5, 1921 Trial of Dr. R. M. Brumfleld, charged with the killing of Den nis Russell, laborer, July 13, 1921, bad started at Roseburg with Judge G. G. Bingham pre siding. A classified Capital Journal advertisement listed a Franklin car for sale: "50 per cent less depreciation on a Franklin than any other car in the world." (An other owner of this air cooled machine might well have said: "more heat for less money." Miller's had a sale on night gowns for men, women and chil dren. Ladies' gowns were cut in both high and low neck styles and with long and short sleeves. Prices from $1.25 to $2.50. Van B. DeLashmutt, former resident of Salem who became mayor of Portland in the 1880s, had died. In the late 1850s he answered Asahel Bush's adver tisement for "an apprentice to the printing business who would not expect to finish his trade or become foreman of the office in less than a year." State penitentiary's wood camp at Aumsvijle had closed after completing the state's contract and cutting 6,000 cords. Gale & Co., Commercial and Court streets, were featuring the famous Hummel - Milwaukee sweaters for girls, an all wool arr ticle for $3.98. MAN CAN CLIMB, TOO Thomas Carlyle We may pause in sorrow and silence over the depths of dark ness that are in man, if we re joice in the heights of purer vis ion he has attained to. NOBLE AND IGNOBLE Aristotle At his best man is the noblest of all animals; separated from law and justice, he is the worst. the News 0 THE CAPITAL' JOURNAL W INVITING lttJttt I L-f t ( WITNESS iM To U. V CONFESSION j fclfb ELECTIONS, yfef AND EXECUTION LMg Public Convinced Military Draft Can't Be Ended Now By GEORGE GALLUP ' (Director. American Institute of Public .ODtnlon) PRINCETON. N. J.. Oct. 4 Ad lai Stevenson's campaign demand for a careful "new look" at the question of compulsory military service in the light of new atomic weapons and new tactics comes at a time when the American public views the military manpower prob lem as follows: 1. By an overwhelming majority, voters of the country do not think the time has yet come when this country should do away with the draft. I. On the other hand, the public Is la nweement with Mr. Steven- ion that future manpower needs should be (eared to relatively small, but highly skilled defense force, ready to strike with the powerful new weapons ef war. The Democratic standard-bearer, at "Bean Feed" in Minneapolis last Saturday, reiterated his two Dreviouslv submitted proposals for restudy of thed raft and for suspension of H-bomb tests as steps toward world disarmament. Mr. Stevenson said. We mav very well find that in toward world disarmament. Mr. the not too distant future we can abolish the draft and at the same time have a stronger defense and at lower cost. Mr. Stevenson made it clear that he was not advocating abolition of the draft right now, but he insisted that the matter should be open for discussion and that "we should look forward to a time when we can do away with compulsory mili tary service." President Eisenhower has dis missed both proposals. In today s survey, institute re porters asked a carefully selected cross-section of voters from Maine to California: "Dn vou think the time has come when this country shoidd do away with the draft, or not?" DO AWAY WITH DKAn Wn: No - Yes - - " No opinion - Onininn on the aeustion is re markably uniform among all seg ments ot the population, tt u interestine to note that the two groups who might be expected to be most in favor of doing away with the draft women voters ana young voters share the views ncia by their counterparts to an miuusi equal extent. If anvlning. young vuieis more emphatic than their elders that the time is not now at hand for doing aw,ay with the draft. The volo by men ana women aim by age groups: No " Ye. 1 " No opinion - H " ll.JS J0-49 50 Yrs. Yr. Yrs. Over No .... 81 77 11 68 Yes .. it It nnlnlon 7 It IS n-u. .,,".i,n finric little dif ference by party affiliation, as the following taoie snows: step. irm. iuw 77 74 7J 10 15 H No Yes No opinion " 14 ... . ...... ums time ago by Admiral Arthur W. Rad- Staff, that the United States should ; . -...u h nhv trninMI oe- nave amau, 6j tense force ready to strike with powerful new weapons lnsteaa oi a I.... t.vnniv standing army was favored by a majority of vot ers questioned in an iiwuiuie " vcy as far back as 1952. In July of that year, the Insti tvite found 53 per cent in favor of developing special wrapoiu " maintaining a small defense force, while 27 per cent were in favor of maintaining a large defense force. . in favnp nf neither one. and 16 per cent exprcssro no ; opinion. A survey in June of this .year showed the public now placing greater emphasis on guided mis siles than in air power. One American in every three, or W per cent, would like to sec any addi-l tional defense appropriations used Invitation From America to build more guided missiles and rockets compared to 20 per cent who would like to see the money used to build more big bomber planes. Two years ago, when the ques tion of calling off H-Bomb tests that had been planned by U.S. mil itary chiefs became an issue, the American public voted overwhelm ingly that the tests should be con tinued. "Some people say that ' the United States should 1 call off the rest of the 11-Bomb tests that have been planned. How do you feel about this should we call off the rest of the tests, or should we go ahead with them-" Go ahead with tests 71 CaU e tests No opinion i Copyright, last, American Institute of Public Opinion Foot in Month Astorian-Budget There seems to be a good deal of opening-the-mouth-and-putting- the-foot-in going on during tne current political campaign. The Democrats, screamed about Al Sarena mines, only to have it revealed that Estes Kcfauver had given the mine owners a boost in their pursuit of a patent. Rich ard Nixon popped off about a four-day week and was promptly called to account by his oppon ents. And now. Adlai Stevenson has accused the Eisenhower adminis tration of "appeasing" former Dictator Peron in Argentina, only to have Secretary Dulles reveal that the Truman administration loaned Peron $100,000,000. Seems as though the facts checking by some of the political research staffs is somewhat on the sloppy side this year. A Smile or Two Wall Street Journal Teaching children moral pre cepts is often hazardous, as the Sunday school teacher discovered when she tried to impress her primary class with the fine ex ample set by the busy little ant. "And so we see that the ant is always busy, always getting some thing done. Now what would you say will be that ant's reward?" A serious looking small boy raised his hand: "Somebody steps on him and mashes him flat." Savings Building Savings at First Federal Savings Are: SaFE-EicIi saver's funds are insured to $10,000. AvAllABlE No waiting years for full earnings. FlRST Is federally chartered end supervised. t C ARNINCS-Savings earn more. SAVE WHERE SAVING PAYS FIRST FEDERAL SAVINGS Salem's Oldest Savings end lean Assn. Convenient Downtown location 129 N. Commercial They Say Today Quotes From the News (Reg. U.S. Pat. Off) By UNITED PRESS HOLLYWOOD Attorney Saul Ross on Nora Eddington Haymes claim that former husband singer Dick Haymes was in arrears on alimony payments. "Haymes says it cost him $100.. 000 to marry Rita Hayworth. We want to get to him before it costs any more. BROOKLYN President Eisen hower, congratulating Dodger President Walter O Malley or Brooklyn's World Series victory: "I wish you would tell Sal (Mag- lie) that I thought he pitched one heU of a ball game. WASHINGTON Emil Jonsson, acting foreign minister of Iceland, on the problem posed by the pres ence of American troops in his country i "Let us make clear the differ ence between being antl-mllitary, or perhaps rather non-miutary minded, and our having animos ity toward any nation. The Ice landers have no such feeling." BROOKLYN Dodger pitcher Don Newcombe complaining the extra day s rest caused by the world Series postponement may hamper his style: "I like to stay in a steady pitching routine and with an extra day s rest I might lose tnat pin point control. CHICAGO Mrs. Lois Bucher reoortins a woman she had be friended had kidnaped her month old son: "I felt sorry for her, so I told her I'd take her home with me and give her something to eat." Try Again, Kids Atbany Democrat-Herald To be insulting, teen-age slang users will have to abandon their "cat a bug" expression. Oldsters will be alarmed to know that "eat a bug" is the suc cessor to that now-passe cry of "drop dead." But an anthropology professor this week reported that pygmies live long and happily because they subsist largely on beetles. If that is the case, a nation wide change of diet should be ad ministered during the World Se ries and on election day. A dish of beetles may be the perfect breakfast for hard losers come Nov. 7. With salt, of course. SAVE SAFELY AND EARN MORE Current Rale on Savings Savings Rec'd by Oct. 10th Earn from Oct. 1st Salem, Oregon', POOR MAN'S PHILOSOPHER Overwork Disease of Century, Noted French Doctor Thinks By HAL PARIS V Doctors think too many Frenchmen are working too hard, and France Is going to do something about it. The average Frenchman is not a fellow who takes two hours for lunch and spends the afternoon winking at girls on the Champs Elysees. He reauy worxs. rnis goes too for school kids cramming for ex aminations and for elderly ladies bogged down in the complexity of pension forms. The French take it all harder than-you might think. The man in charge of remedy ing the situation at the behest of the French Academy of Medi cine is Dr. Hugo Biancani. In addition to handling a pros perous medical practice, Dr. Bi ancani is an enthusiastic amateur or semiprofessional at painting, writing, philosophizing, wine mak ing, gardening and social service. He also likes to take long coun try walks and he maintains he Isn't overworked himself. The reason," he says, "is that I'm doing work I like, I have it well organized, and I get plenty of recreation." He has been named director of a new organization, the Insti tute for the Study and Prevention of Overwork. It plans to set up clinic and research laboratory in Paris. 'Overwork," Dr. Biancani told this reporter, "is the disease of our century. It's worse than can- Colonialism a Vital Problem, Reds Await 'Freed' Peoples By JAMES AP News WASHINGTON m - This week. Secretary of State Dulles walked head first into an American di lemma one of the biggest and when he emerged on the other side it still wasn't clear what this country would or could do about it. The dilemma is colonialism. This country has not provided open leadership in trying to end colonialism, either under the Democrats or Republicans. Yet the future of the world may re volve around this problem. Since the war the big colonial powers of Western Europe in cluding Britain and France have yielded independence to more than 500 million people. But hundreds of millions aren t free. Russia is encouraging them. stirring them up. When they get their independence as they will, sooner or later they may move into the Russian camp if they have no reason to thank this coun try or its allies. This is the dilemma: Britain and France are military allies of this country in the struggle against Russia. If the United States pressures them openly and persistently to yield their colonics the alliance may be wrecked. But if the United Sates doesn't take some kind of anticolonial leadership the dependent peoples or those who have recently won their freedom will link the United States -with Britain and France. It could happen that In time much of the world will be lined up with Russia against the West. A good example of what can hap pen was in tne rrencn fiasco Indochina where half the country was finally lost to the Commu- Reversing It Coronet In his early days, despite his poverty, Oscar Wilde held himself ii.. - j i-. . pruuuiy aiuui. une nay, ne was granted an interview with a nobl man looking for a tutor i for his sons. The aristocrat seemed inclined to give him the position, but first asked, "As to meals, Mr. Wilde, will you er expects to eat with the family? "That," Wilde replied blandly, "will depend entirely on your fam ily's table manners." Open or odd to your savings account by October 10 and earn eweretf from October J el U.S. National. 'A rftflfSf" 4 Convenient Branches in Salem lAD bVanch 4 UNIVE""Y BRANCH I.. ... C.-.W 'l'0 1-.HII. NORTH SAIIM BRANCH WEST SAM BRANCH 1WO r.-a't !.. HIMJs.w.tw Friday, Octob'er 5, 1956 BOYLl cer, because by the very nature of things it hits the leaders of our society. Look at your Presi dent Eisenhower. What do you think was at the bottom of his heart attack? Or President Roos evelt. When things happen to men like that, it causes a disturbance to our whole society." Dr. Biancani says it's not just too much work that causes the kind of exhaustion he- Is trying to cure. Also involved are the kind of work, the Individual's at titude toward it, and the whole environment in which he lives. It's quite possible, he says, to get up at 5 a.m., work hard, and go to bed at midnight without do ing yourself any harm if you have the temperament know how to handle yourself and how to re lax when necessary. Lots of city dwellers these days, even in relatively tranquil France, wake up in an apartment house with paper-thin walls. Surround ed morning and night with radios and TV sets, they have to struggle with traffic, shop in crowded stores and markets, wait long and nervous minutes to see minor of ficials on routine errands. Treatment, Dr. Biacani says, has to be adapted to each case. You cant't just turn a nervous businessman out to pasture like an old drayhorse you have to give him something interesting and relaxing to do. Just what? That depends on the businessman and how tired he is. MARLOW Analyst nists. Two years ago Dulles said: The United States is pushing for self-government. We do more than is publicly known. For m these matters open pressures are rare ly conducive to the best results." But behind-the-scenes pressures can hardly be expected to rally newly freed peoples around the United States. Open pressures might cost America Its European auies. , At his news conference Tuesday Dulles was asked about a reported split between this country and Britain and France over the seiz ure of the Suez Canal by Egyptian President Nasser, an open foe of colonialism. Until 1936 Egypt had not been free for 2,500 years. Dulles, with an eye cocked at Nasser and the Middle East Arabs said "colonialism" is a subject where the U.S. approach is not always "identical" with that of Britain and France. He said the U.S. role in the pro cess from colonialism to inde pendence "is to try to see that" it "moves forward In an evolu tionary way." What he said next could hardly sound very firm to colonial peo ples. He said "I suspect" Amer ica's role will be to "try to aid that process without identifying itself 100 per cent with the so called colonial powers" or with the countries seeking independ ence as "rapidly as possible." How is the United States going to "aid the process?" Dulles didn't say. There does not appear to be a clearly stated American policy to which the dependent peoples can look. RUBBER STAMPS NOTARY & CORPORATE SEALS I made to order in our shop NEEDHAM'S stationery 465 STATE ST PHONE 2-2485 II II 11 II