Page 6 Section 1
THE CAPITAL JOURNAL
Salem, Oregon, Saturday, January 21, 1956
Capital AJournal
An Independent Newspaper Established 1888
BERNARD MAINWARING. Editor and Publisher
GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor Emeritus
Published every afternoon except Sunday at 280 North
Church St. Phone 4-68)1 ,
Full Leased Wirt Service 01 The Auoclatrd Press and Tht United Press.
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11 news dispatches credited to It or otherwise; credited in this paper and
also news published there-i
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Dulles Stirs Up a Furore ,
John Foster Dulles stirred up both a partisan and an in
, tcrnational furore with an article in Life Magazine a few
, days ago in which he revealed that the United States was on
the brink of war three times during the Eisenhower admin
istration when it warned the Communists, "so far and no
farther."
The incidents referred to were the stalemated negotiations
,. with Red China over Korea in June, 1953, April, 1954, when
: Red China was on the point of intervening in Indo-China and
" that autumn when Red China appeared to be about to attack
Formosa.
What did we do? Dulles told India's Nehru that if we
couldn't make a truce agreement with Red China we would
resume fighting with everything at our command, including
A bombs. Warships with these bombs were sent to Indo
, China waters, though our allies, Britain and France, refused
to stand with us. And we let Red China know we would
resist an attack on Formosa.
The partisan criticism appears to assume that Dulles cre
ated these crises in order to see if he could get us out of them,
which of course is not the case. The previous administration
had gotten us into war in Korea by telling Russia we did not
intend to defend South Korea. Dulles and his boss, President
Eisenhower, settled that one and did not get us into any
other. They have played a dangerous game, as their critics
say, but this was forced upon them. They had no choice.
And up to now a strong stand appears to be less risky than a
weak one.
British criticism stems from the embarrassment of the Eden
government over its demonstrated weakness to contrast with
. U.S. strength and determination. Probably without meaning
to, Dulles made Eden and his cohorts look bad. They are
already under fire for weakness on the domestic front and
here is an eloquent reminder that they were weak in foreign
affairs, too.
On one point we can agree with the critics. If the country
needed to be told this news so long after it occurred an ex
clusive article in a magazine was hardly the proper medium
for it. And one of the statements attributed to him in the
article, "The ability to get to the verge of war without geting
into the war is the necessary art," is not in the best of taste.
It encouraged critics to draw the conclusion that he loves
crises, which we are sure he doesn't.
Way to Speed Court Trials
Guy A. Miller, veteran circuit court judge for Detroit, now
. retired, who is a firm believer in the jury system, outlines
in the New York Times the practice followed in Michigan
courts to speed trials. In 1904 it sometimes took eight weeks
to get a jury. Since then Wayne county has grown from
300,000 population to 3.000,000 but the circuit court has
grown only from six to 18.
Judge Miller went on the bench In 1923 when the jury
- docket was 49 months behind and the court had 14 judges,
'' The docket is now only 14 months behind, due to several in
novations created by the court under its rule-making power.
He states:-
' "By statute a jury commission was created. This commis
ion summons and examines jurors and provides the court
with talesmen who are physically, mentally and morally sat
isfactory. It gets its talesmen by picking a number each
year, say 23, and by summoning number 23 on each registra
'tion book in the county.
"By court rule, slightly aided by needed support from the
Supreme Court, a pretrial system was established, the first
one in the United States. In all cases there is a pretrial hear
ing, at which all questions of fact are established if not con
tested,' and the taking of testimony thereon is obviated. This
saves much trial tmc, and also bring about many settlements
and many waivers of jury trials."
Trial judges examine the jurors. Attorneys are not per
mitted to question them directly, Judge Miller explains. In'
the 24 years since this method was adopted, during which he
tried many hundreds of contested jury cases, he does not re
call the impanelling of a jury to have taken over one hour,
and in most cases not much over 20 or 30 minutos. In no
case was there a reversal due to error in impanelling a jury.
After 55 years' experience, Judge Miller adds: "I am im
movably convinced of two things: The jury system is Indis
pensable, and its control must rest In the court." G, P.
The Two Biggest Issues!
.-. . .. . XJWiVilliJK Mm&
Canadian Study Shows Steady
Rise In Number of Drinkers
By GEORGE GALLUP "
(Director. American Institute of Public Opinion!
PRINCETON. N. J. Our north
era neighbors, the Canadians, are
drinking to a much larger extent
today than they were a dozen
years ago. -
A study by the affiliated Can
adian Institute shows that close
to three out of four Canadians
say they use liquor, beer, or wine.
Back in 1943, only 59 per cent of
the people said so.
The Increase of consumption
among women Is, proportionate
ly, considerably larger than
among men.
Twelve years ago less than half
the women of Canada said they
drank. Today almost two-thirds
do so.
These are some of the facts
that come -to light in a special
study of Canadian drinking h.ibiis.
Today's study compares the sit
uation with two previous periods
each six years apart. This same
question was put lo the public
eacn time:
"Do you ever have occasion
to use any alcoholic beverages
such as liquor, wine or beer, or
are you a total abstainer?"
The results compared 'vilh sim
ilar studies in 1943 and 1919:
1943 1 949 Today
Use alcohol ...49 .'. 72
Total abstainers 41 35 2
Checking on what proportion
among men and women used alco
hol twelve years ago, and today,
shows the heavy increase In wom
en's consumption. '
The comparison by men and
women:
1941 Today
Men Worn. Men Wom
en en
Abstainers 2s U It 3S
Ue Alcohol 72 45 M 62
A larger proportion o Canadian
men and women in their thirties
Capitalism, New Model
A demand described as "thunderous" greeted the initial
public offering of Ford Motor stock the other dav when the
public was given an opportunity to buy a share in America's
ihm uig corporation lo remain in a tew hands.
Demand for the shares came from all over the world, from
people in all walks of life. It is snjri that half a million j
people may turn up as owners when all the transactions are
completed and brokers said they could have sold several
times as many shares as were available. More will probably
be offered later'.'
Here is an encouraging sign from several -angles. It shows
how widespread is the public confidence in the soundness
of the American economy, its automobile industry and the
Ford Company, which was in serious trouble only a few
years ago. And lhat there is a lot of money availnble for in
vestment in enterprises that command confidence.
It would be interesting if Karl Marx could return and com
ment on how capitalism has changed since he pj-nvided a
formula for its downfall. Capitalism ns heeknew it prob
ably would have been overtaken by the fate he proposed for
it and indeed has been supplanted in much of the world.
But American capitalism has been largely reformed so It
has up to now refused to provide the remains for a funeral
he so thoughtfully arranged. ,
In addition to the Ford stock being sold to the public the
public receives the earnings faun the bulk of the remainder,
held by the Ford Foundation,, which will soon'dis'ribute
half a billion dollars to American colleges and hospitals.
Let's Help Flood Victim
The Marion County Red fross Thursday launched an emer
gency drive for funds to i id victims of the recent floods in
Southwest Oregon and Northern California. The amount
ought in Marion County is $4,300. 'Pie total that the National
Red Cross has already committed exceeds $8,000,000. Our
share is small, but vitally needed.
Red Cross and United Fund officials met Thursday to seek
ways to raise the $4,300. Since nearly all of their monies
are already committed, they had lo vote- to seek the funds
through an emergency appeal. And this if a true emer
gency! People here know something of floods and the devas
tation they can wreck. So the destruction of the recent
Northern California floods is just little closer to home.
$4,300 Isn't much tn raise. should be happy to give
lo help those destitute families who we arc sure, would do
the same for us were weplaced in their position.
A Kcady Alibi
Wall Street Journal
Is wit a help or drawback to a
politician?
Mississippi's John Sharp Wil
liams, once Democratic leader in
the House and occasionally men
tioned as a presidential possibility,
termed his national reputation as
a wit "the curse of my public
lite."
He told how, when first elect
ed to Congress, he was advised by
fnmcd Kentucky publisher Henry
Vatlcrson, "When you get to
Washington, John, strangle "thai
wit kill it. But if you find that
this cue is too strong for you, if
a time arises when ynu feel that
you positively can't help saying
something funny, then say it with
a slight nasal twang o that you
may be suspected ol New England
ancestry.
use alcohol than in any other age
group. . .
The consumption of beer, wine
or liquor is most widespread in
the western part of Canada in
the Prairie provinces of Manitoba,
Saskatchewan and Alberta and in
British Columbia.
Here are the results by different
areas of the country:
Alcohol Abstainers
Use Total
Maritime
Provinces S7 43
Quebec 69 31
Ontario 7t 29
Prairies and B.C. II ' 19
A second question in the study
asked Canadians if they normally
kept a supply ot alcoholic bever
ages in their homes.
A majority of those interviewed
said they did not as the following
figures show:
KEEP ALCOHOL IN HOME?
Yes 41
N M
e answer - 3
FINNS RANK AMERICA
FIRST ON 3 COUNTS
HELSINKI Although living in
the shadow of Soviet Russia, the
Finnish people pick the U. S. as
the top country on three separate
counts education, living condi
tions and the position of the work
ing class.
Russia, on the other hand, re
ceives very few votes on any of
these three in a survey oy tho rf-
filiatcd Suomen Gallup OY
The Finnish questions with re
sults for the top five count rios-
In what country do you think
the educational conditions nro
highest?"
U. S. . 23
KnRland 13
Sweden 12
Knglnnd J
Frunce ... 5
"In what country do you Ihink
the living conditions are best""
U. S 50
Sweden 2S
Finland 5
ussr
Switzerland
"In what country do you think
the working class is better oft'? '
U. S. ,. 4H
Sweden 20
Finland 12
USSR ; 7
England I
Copyright, 1956,
American Institute ot Public
Opinion
Dullps and Brink
Omaha World Herald
He Didn't Go Over the Brink
Three times in recent years,
said the Secretary of State, Amer
ica has marched to the brink of
war and stopped short.
And what a tempest that plain
statement caused!
In England as well as at home
excited pundits rushed to their
typewriters or their microphones
to aenounce wnat tney called
brlnk-of-war diplomacy."
They branded Mr. Dulles an
"irresponsible." They said he had
been gambling with world peace.
They said he had distorted history.
Ana so on and on.
In actuality there was nothing
very surprising in what the Secre
tary said in his piece in Life mag
azine.
Any one who has been reading
the news during the Eisenhower
years knows there were troubled
limes in Korea, in Indochina and
on Formosa when war might have
broken out.
But the important (act. the glor
ious fact, is war did NOT break
out.
Somehow, as a result of the ef
forts of many good and wise peo
ple, the peace was preserved. And
near the head of the list of those
dedicated striven for peace must
be written the name of John Foa-
iter Dulles.
As Secretary of State, no doubt
this man has his shortcomings.
But one thing he has shown lor
sure. He understands the folly of
appeasement. He realizes that
peace cannot be bought by always
backing down in the face of Com
munist insolence. He is aware
that in times of crisis a aelf-rc-spccling
and peace-loving nation
must make a determined stand.
His predecessor, Dean Achcson
didn't comprehend the .danger of
eternal retreat. He tried In
pense the Reds in Korea and
backed into a bitter and costly
war. ,
As he now relates, Mr. Dulles
three times has led his country
tn the brink, but he has not
plunged II Into war. Let his left-of-
center critics ponder on that
truth.
NATIONAL WHIRLIGIG,
Estes Still Hasn't Chance
For Democratic Nomination
By RAY TUCKER
Every Saturday, Ray Tucker
answers readers' questions of
general Interest on national and
international policies and per
sonalities. Questions' may be
sent to him at 7008 HJUcrest
Place, Chevy Chase, Md.
WASHINGTON, January 21
"Why are you - so prejudiced
against Senator Estes Kefauver?"
asks Mrs. L. H.. of Danville, Va.
"You write regularly that he has
no chance for the presidential
nomination, and vou seem to be
oi tne opinion mat he does not
deserve it." - i
Answer: I have no prejudice
against the Senator from Tennes
see. As a reporter, I have nc
feeling toward him one way or
the other. 1 have reported what
appear to be the facts namely,
that no politician of experience
gives him a chance to read the
ticket. And, in view of his record
on Capitol Hill, they do not believe
that he is qualified for the tre
mendously responsible post of
president.
POLITICIANS' DISLIKE OF
KEFAUVER
There Is considerable evidence
Salem 53 Yrs. Ago
By BEN MAXWELL
January tl. ISM
Salem Light, Power Traction
Co. had considered placing stand
ard gauge street cars on the Yew
Park and Fairgrounds lines.
Polk County Rural Telephone
Co. had filed articles of incorpor
ation with County Clerk Rowland.
City council had heard a special
committee describe Salem's Chi
natown in block 21 as "filthy" in
of the practical politicians' dislike i condition and also heard a propo
of Kelauver. whom they regard j sal to condemn and remove build
as an opportunist, a lone wolferjings there,
and a man bitten by personal am- -
bition. Although it is to his credit I Chief of Police 'Doc Gibson
the machine bosses have 'never i had urged the council to improve
forgiven him for exposing the con- the Interior of city jail and pro-
nection between politicians and vide special quarters lor oeien-
GOOD AT MANY THINGS
Moro County Journal
This week we note the' anni
versary of Benjamin Franklin
who was one of history's great
men. He was a convincing writer,
a good printer, a capable scien
tist, a fine diplomat and one of
the sanest of our early politicians.
an inventor of many things. Be
sides all that he was a humorous
and delightful companion- and
philosopher. One has to be good
at many things to be really great.
FIRESIDE PULPIT
OLD MAN WINTER
Mors County Journal
Old John Calvin was one of the
early pruteslanls who aided Mar
tin Lullfcr establish a different
religion. He was a stern man who
falhcrW some very strict theories
about personal conduct and he is
genernlly disregarded in these
dnys when the easy life is much
preferred over the a u s I e r e one.
leVlvin did extend the theory that
a man is responsible for his sal
vation, the doctrine oi personal
responsibility. That is also disre
gard ' In these times. .
Let there be no complaints
about this winter. It has been a
complete one, one that pulled out
all the stops, brought every kind
of winter weather, cold. snow,
silver thaw, slick yads, frozen
ground, runoffs. There may be
some more trick,! in winter's bag
but w e w
Inner Urjjcs Drive Men to
Take Up Ministerial Work
By REV. GEORGE H. SWIFT
Rector, at. Paul's Episcopal Church
"What makes them do it?", a
man said to me, as we were look
ing at a .picture of a class of
young men graduating from a
theological seminary. This man
was really Impressed as we talked
about these young men. "They
might have been lawyers, or doc
tors, oreoankers, or financiers, but
they chose to be pastors!" he said.,
My friend used the right word
when he said "makes." in his
question "what makA (hem do
it?", because in the case of many
young men who turn to the minis
try they are really driven into it
by inner urges which hound them
night and day until the.- surrender
i. tk in..;.:kl fu.w...k:..k ...in
Parental Example
Albany De ,crat Herald
The Corvallis paper is running
the finest series of articles we
have seen in a long time. Reporter
Marion Teal is digging into the
problem of teen-age trouble-maker
by going to the heart of the
matter, the teen-ager himself.
While interviewing a group of
high school leaders she verified
that drinking and smoking are
common in high school, that both
habits are practiced to a limited
degree even in the eighth grade,
that free use of cars allows many
things that could not happen with
out a handy means of getting to
gether, that police are not helpful
and that parental disinterest can
be a cause of delinquency.
One paragraph in Mrs. Teal s
series is especially interesting:
The tstudent) council agreed
that one reason so many young
people are imbibing so freely now
is because drinking is so 'socially
acceptable.' They see it done by
many adults they admire, they see
it served in movies and on TV
shows, they see numerous and en
ticing liquor ads. They've learned
to feel there isn't much wrong
with drinking."
the reporter does lust what she
should. She throws these findings
out without comment.
And the kids are right as far as
they go. But the thoughts on par
ental disinterest and the example
set by movies, TV and ads should
be weighed together. In fact, if
these two thoughts are combined
something like this results:
Parental disinterest and bad ex
amples from other sources lead
to trouble.
We think this comes close to the
full truth. This is a frank age
when we believe in biding as little
as possible from our offspring.
The theory is that children can
learn to weigh facts when given
the full picture. And the hope is
that if tliey get enough practice
early enough, they will be profi
cient when adults. ,
This is a good theory and one
we will follow till proven wrong
but it doesn't do much by itself.
Something( is needed to supple
ment it. .
The part-nil are that something,
inescapably.
Psychologists have pretty well
abandoned the comfortable old
theory that children behave be
cause they get goodies If they do
and a whop on the scat if they
don't. Instead, the authorities be
lieve, kids "take roles" as they
develop.
Normally, a boy ploys the part
of his father. If the father's char
acter is good, it follows that the
son's character will approximate
it. If the father's character is a
rogue or a weakling, so will the
child's be. By extension, if the fa
ther's character Is missing from
the stage, literally or figuratively,
the child must seek another role.
Handy alternates, the Corvallis
kids point out, can be found by
turning the sw!fch.
the underworld in his televised
Crime Investigation in 1951-52.
Kefauver nov heads the Juve
nile Delinquency' Subcommittee, a
problem which certainly should be
explored and remedied, though I
question whether it can be
achieved by Federal legislation.
He had hoped to exploit it as he
did his expose of crime, corrup
tion and politics. He had asked
for 1150,000 to pursue the inquiry.
Senate Democrats cut his appro
priation to S40.OO0, and they may
reduce it further on the floor.
Although he led on the first two
ballots at the 1992 convention, the
third tally showed that Stevenson
would be the nominee. During the
third roll call, Kefauver tried to
interrupt, and to climb aboard the
Stevenson bandwagon. Red-faced
and angry. Convention Chairman
Sam Rayburn blocked Kefauver's
belated move, to become "one of
the boys." He gaveled down the
Tennessean with the ruling that,
The roll call will continue."
"In all the talk about President
Eisenhower running again."
writes F. G., of Troy, N.Y., "there
seems to be no mention of the fact
that he has enjoyed so many hon
ors for the last fifteen years that
he needs no more. Why hasn't this
psychological factor been taken
into consideration?"
Answer: I think that it has been.
As F. G. says, Ike needs no more
glory or recognition of his world
pre-eminence. In fact, the presi
dency may be to him an anticli
max after having led the armies
which routed the dictators' threat
to civilized society,
EISENHOWER QUITE UNUSUAL
Of recent presidents, he is
unique in that respect. Woodrow
Wilson was only too glad to quit
collegiate for public life. Harding
had ben onl an obscure Sena-1
tor. Coolidge had to pinch himself
to realize that he was the head !
of the nation. Hoover ached for
the job, but never though that he!
could be nominated by either par- j
ty. r. u. K. always tell that he
was destined for the White House.
Nevertheless, the power and the
prestige, and the opportunity to
benefit humanity here and abroad,
in view of the influence of an
American president today, are
both a challenge and an incentive. :
Not even an Kisenhower can be
immune to that prospect.
WOMEN AND SOCIAL
SECURITY
Numerous readers still ask If
the proposal to lower women's age
for qualification for Social Securi
ty payments has been reduced!
from 65 to r2.
Answer: The House passed such I
a measure at the 1955 session, and .
it is now before the Senate, al-j
though not yet reported from the
committee. 1 will bet whatever po-i
litlcal reputaton I have that it
will become law at the current!
session. In a re-election year, the
Legislators dare not antagonize
the gals.
tion of wayward girls and women.
W. F. Ketchum was local agent
for Sun typewriters. "An up-to-date
machine priced, at only $40."
A bill for direct primaries had
its appearance in the legislature
at '. was recommended for pas
sage by the governor as a needed
measure of reform.
A Smile or Two.
Cincinnati Enquirer
An old fellow walked into the un
employment office and asked for
the papers to fill out. Laboriousy
he spelled his name: George
Washington.
The clerk was amused and said:
"Were you the one who cut down
the cherry tree?"
"No sir," the old fellow replied.
"I haven't had . any work for
moren a year now.
BEANS IN POT
Moro County Journal
What Secretary Dulles was
saying was that if you are going
to bluff you have to shova some
beans In the pot all of 'em if
necessary. Yet, he should know
that anyone who tries to explain
methods must be indefinite, bet
ter yet, let everyone learn for
himself.
CUT A CAPER
A Southern gentleman is ar
rested at the age of 70 for burglar
izing a house. Well, aren't we all
supposed to take up some hobby
to occupy us in the golden years
ot retirement?
THROWING SPITWADS
Moro County Journal
Taking pictures in court is like
throwing spitwads in school. It
wouldn't be. any fun if it wasn't
prohibited.
BUY
your next cor
fINO OUT ABOUT STATl
f ARM'S IOW-COST "BANK
. PLAN" FINANCING
You may save as much as $100 C4
more on the purchase ot a new et
used or when you use the State
Firm "Bank Plan", You save o
financing through your nearby ban)
at their low bank rates. This iav
Ing, plus your savings on State Farm
insurance amounts to real money,
And your State Farm Agent ham
dies all the arrangements for you,
Call today your State Farm Agent
il only a phone call away.
If fays fe Ktw few
ITATI FAtM AOINT
aBB "
IV "We
1 11.77
Olson
Street
Ph. 4-2215
would have been miserable and
frustrated If they had not.
Men who go to theological sem
innrlcj ti prepare for the ministry
after they have been out of col
lege a few years, and in some
cases already rave a family, are I
otten tne most successful in lhe8,
ministry, for obviously they would 1 1
not accept the sacrifice entailed,
unless they wer "mde" to do it 'ft
Dy some pressure otner than a
"bread and butter" onel And if
that "pressure" has driven em
into it in the first place, it prob
ably will not let them alone after
they get ordained. So they go on
from "strength to strength" in the
lei " m
-'.1
to the Invisible forces which willlife of service, they cannot and,
not lei them go
I' is amazing the sacrifices
some young men make, after they
onder what they coirid be.!h,v m,n 'h,'r decision, to pre-1 of COiination. we find this praver-!
e - j themselves. I am acquainted! "Mercifully behold the thy "ser-
oi course, wouio not willingly give iv$
up. . . 'f j
In. at least, on of th ervlf I S-'.S
J
Virgil T. Golden
TOO MUCH BKER
Mora County Journal
0vll some clergymen who hadjvants now called to the Office ot .j
,uT-n irncnrra. lawyers, scirmuiis. priestnood; and so replenish them f i '
who likes St tntlhtv al thm p. il. .w - .L . . '
...v.. aar-i -nu. ne as. .Mmincw me it- wnn tne trutn or thv Doctrine 'tj
we note that a subject in the ceipt of custom, left their workiand adorn them wilh innocency of I?
tin county robbery was found and with considerable saceilicel life. that. b.Oh hv wiAl and onv 51
Linn county robbery was found and with considerable sacrifice
attrr nd spent all he cot'0 of moved bag and baggage, and the
, it on Tieer. Seems like a man ; family, to the Seminary area, and
ought to have a heller use fori put in three strenuous years in
(money before he steals iU j study. They did it because they
life. that. bM. by .! and good
example, tney may faithfully
serve thee in this Office, to the
glory ot thev Name, and the edi-
fication of thy Church." ,
O
Serving Salem' and .
Vicinity as Funeral
Directors for 25 Years
. Convenient I o c a 1 1 o r-S. - Commercial
Street-en i but lint direct route to cam.
eteriesno crest traffic to' hinder tervi
cat Salem's most modern funeral obome
with seeding capacity for 300. Services
within yeur meant, always.
e o
Virgil T. Golden Go.
60S S. Commercial St.
1
FUNERAL SERVICE
Grace S. Golden
O
Phone 4-22S7