Capital JJfoiima THE WEATHER COOL AGAIN tonight, but fair nd mild again Friday. Low tonight, 28; high Friday, M. FINAL EDITION Move io Delay Reapportion Case Denied Chief Justice Latour ette Sets Hearing on Reapportionment By JAMES D. OLSON A surprise move on .he part of attorney? of the interveners who joined the state as defend ants to delay the case in which Rep. Dave Baum is challenging the constitutionality of the legis lative reapportionment measure was thwarted Thursday by the state supreme court by denial of the motion. Furthermore, Chief Justice Earl C. Latourette set February 24 as the dat. in which argu ments by attorneys on both sides will be heard by the court, pro viding all briefs are filed by that date. More Time Sought A petition signed by Dougles E. Spencer, Stanley Darling, John C. Beattie, Jr., and Thomas B. Stoel, representing Richard Dcich, Olga Freeman, both of Portland and Walter Dodd of Eugene, in tervening defendants in the case, filed a motion for an extension of time to Feb. 20 in which to file a new abstract. (Continued on Page 5. Col. 1) Austrian Firm Gets Contract WASHINGTON (UP)-The Inter ior Department has announced award of an electric transformer contract to a low bidding Austrian firm which a few hours earlier had been turned down on another low bid for similar equipment. Last week the Austrian govern ment in a note to the State Depart ment expressed "grave concern" at the "tendency" of the Interior Department to exclude an Austri an subsidiary of an American firm from contract awards for heavy electric equipment for the Bonne ville Power Administration. A Bureau of Reclamation con tract for supplying three transform ers for the Jamestnwn-Fargo, N.D. 230-kilovolt transmission line of the Missouri Basin project power sys tem was given to the American Elin Corp.. N.V. It is the Ameri can representative of the Elin manufacturing plant at Weitz, Sty ria. Austria. The basic contract calls for $233,830. After adjustment to in clude evaluation for guaranteed efficiency, maximum price in creases, spare parts and a 23 per cent differential between foreign and domestic bids, the American Elin bid was set at $531,099.30. Can Hike Fares On Trailways Pacific Trailways, which oper ates from Portland to Salt Lake : City and in Central Oregon, was permitted by Public Utilities i Commissioner Charles H. Hcltzcl! Thursday to increase its express ratrs. The company will get $1,500 a month more revenue over its whole system, as the increase also has been approved in Idaho and Utah. Hcltzel said the company during 1953 had total operating revenues of IR93.573 and operating expenses of $884,317, leaving it a very small prnfiL The company said it wouldn't ask for higher passenger fares, believing it would rtsult in less business. Inland Empire '53 Index High SEATTLE W The University of Washington's Bureau of Busi ness Research said Thursday that the Pacific Northwest's business activity index was higher in the final months of 1953 than a year earlier. The Inland Empire was credited with most of the year end boost. The index showed the Inland Empire 5.8 per cent above the previous year in November and 11 V, per cent higher in December. For the Puget Sound area the Index showed rises of 1 4 per cent for November and .4 for Decem ber. The Lower Columbia area was up 4.6 per cent in November and 1.8 in December. Ex-Governor Pierce Resting Comfortably Walter M. Pierce, 92-year-old .n Anrl aviinnornlt. man is resting comfortablv bull very weak his wife said Thurs- j..., "lie's had several close calls, but he rallies each time." Mrs. Pierce aid. Tierce has been bedfast for many months. 66th Hypocricies of (hurchgoing People Flayed Dr. Crane Blasts Persons With 'Self Conscious Pride' By FRED ZIMMERMAN 'Vicious Virtue", developed in several phases led Dr. Henry Hitt Crane ol Detroit, Mich., to dwell upon hypocricies of people, especially the self-righteous churchman as he gave the last of a series of three addresses before the convocation for ministers and laymen in connection with the Oregon Council of Churches Thursday forenoon. Dr. Hitt declared during his discourse that the "Master had the most difficulty with the best people where he lived. Not a single drunk ever bothered him; no thug ever waylaid him," but it was the self-righteous Pharisee who caused him the most trouble. Courage, the one virtue that all people agree is tops in that category, can be "vicious as hell" declared Dr. Crane. War, he ex plained, that demands courage and the bravest of the brave, is entirely destructive. He put in a plea for the person who is "brave enough to be gentle. Virtue becomes vicious, con tinued the speaker, when human rights are forgotten. In this con nection the basic test applied by Jesus is "how did you treat pe pie? Did you administer to those who' were sick, feed those who were hungry and clothe those who were naked?" (Continued on Page 5, Col. 4) 4 Cents Postage Gets Approval WASHINGTON -if! - The House Post Office Committee voted Thursday lo raise the cost of mailing first class letters from three cents to four cents.- The committee action, taken in closed session, is estimated to add 159 million dollari a year to pos tal revenues, if it finally goes through. It was the first step in a proposed plan of the Eisenhower administration for a quarter-billion-dollar yearly increase in post al rates. The increase in the first class mailing rate was reported to have been favored by a substantial mar gin of the committee. The vote, however, is still sub ject to possible reversal when the committee completes its section-by-section study of rates and votes on the entire bill later. The committee is scheduled to consider a proposed increase of $19,800,000 in publishers second class rates at another session Fri day. This represents a net 38.7 per cent increase over present publi cation mailing costs, according to the revised post office revenue estimates. Sewage Plants Ready May 1 CORVALLIS, UP New sewage j disposal plants at Albany, Cor vallis and Eugene will go into operation about May 1, city man agers of the three communities said today. Managers C. G. Reiter of Al bany, James O. Convill of Cor vallis and Robert A. Finlayson of Eugene met here to discuss prog ress on installation of the plants and plans for their operations. They said test runs on the three plants would be completed about the same time. Ralph Roderick, consulting en gineer on the three projects, said operation of the plants would end the dumping of untreated sewage in the Willamette river system except at Lebanon whore a sawmill disposal plant is ex pected to begin operations about July 1. Benson Says Sag in Farm Prices Behind Us WASHINGTON W Secretary) Even though the price support of Agriculture Benson said 'Thurs-1 level for basic crops under the ad dpy that the long sag in farm in- ministration proposals would be come "is largely behind us" and I governed by supply, rather than called on Congress to adopt Presi dent Eisenhowwer's middle-of-the-road" farm program. Benson told the Senate House Committee, which is exploring measures to avert recession, that greater consumption of farm prod ucts under flexible and gradually lowered price supports would bol- I ctr f a riTifr ' inmmP. "The road to economic growthjmuch of the overhanging surplus is through expanded production I DrOOUCllOn lliai llllUS IIS iy IIHU j....: il., t: i- I . U f.tAm Urn I consumption and not into ware- i tt n . ttu nouses, nenwm ui-viart-Mj. wc PrMiHrnf. nrowwal nn ih cri. ...it..ri nro.m. hi .A. nomic growtn in mis nation. Year, No. 30 S?.f, Silts, 3 Die, 4 Hurt In Traffic Crash HILLSBORO, Ore. W - A head- on collision killed three women and : injured four other persons on the J Sunset Highway Wednesday night, j Gordon Kemmer. Washington County sheriff's deputy, said the cars were coming from opposite directions when a truck stopped in the highway to make a left turn. -" i . ..... .... "'"" Junction. nesam a car ariven oy mrs. $ Anne Josephine Shofner 53, Port- Cnairman Butler ,R.Neb, land, veered to avoid the truck, struck its left rear wheel, and) crashed head-on with the oncoming jT li I 11 CiMrs. Shofner and a passenger J I V I iUKC II MA Mrs. Emma Norton, 69, Portland, were injured fatally. In the other car Mrs Myrtle Iledricks. about 45, Rt. 3, Hillsboro, was killed out right, i The injured were in the Hcd-: ir, VrTV saKcr, at, ruruaiiu, turn ner lwu cnuarcn, uonaia , ana rwyaie, in months. All were taken to the Jone Hospital in Hillsboro. The truck driver, Lloyd W. Faulk, 45, Rt. 3, Hillsboro, was cited for having an overlcngth load, 272 Picked for Postmasters WASHINGTON W President j Eisenhower Thursday sent to the Senate the names of 272 nominees for postmasterships in as many j communities in a total of 40 states. It was one of the largest blocs of postal nominations since the P-esidcnt took office. In response to questions as to whether all of the nominees are Republicans, Presidential Press Secretary James C. Hagerty re- nMtii that nil nf Iho vplwtinnc wprp recommended by Republican' mnmhers nf Cnncress and were ! approved by the Republican Na-1 linnai rnmrniiino i Hagerty added that In congres-jcr Program will be "well on its,i0 lne House scored all three serv .innai rfitrirt rnnmsnnipH hvlway to complete enactment be-i ippt for chnwinp a "sprinus lark Democrats, the choices were ap-1 proved bv local GOP organiza-i. tions and by the national commit-; tee. All the nominations are subject to Senate confirmation. Big Turnover in Oregon Stale Jobs The state of Oregon hired 9.639 civil service employes during 1953. and 8,613 others quit their jobs, the Civil Service Commission said Wednesday. There was a net gain of 1,026 em ployes during the year, making a total of 13,746 in stale civil service jobs at the end of the year. The increased number was tributed to expansion of slate de - partmcnls and reducing the 44 hour work week to 40 hours in state hospitals. by high and rigid government sup- j Utah-Colorado border, ports, the support price would be "Wc havc included in the Up-,... . , . . -close to present levels, Benson pre- j por Colorado Report an item for W QUIf IM TOR LUlS jjicicd ;21 million dollars to develop the; " wiimiijivii This' would be true, he said, be-1 area around a proposed Kchojj ff r .t cause, adoption of Eisenhower's1 Park Dam within Dinosaur Na- 1 lUf ItC UcUmS nlan fn .M asirif or "freeze" frorrt tional Monument" into a rccrca- commercial channels 2 4 billion dollars worth of government-held stocks would relieve the market ol I which now depresses the market. 'Tk rnnni,.a -ltniilff mt rat 1 1r ri .ti... r- - u 1 IIC VUIIXIOB ailirUlU UUl iciuilti to the philosophy f scarcity that .... r.. was inuu aim loimu wniimm m the- 1ttfisM RrnMn Had. "to bp ; nrui. th farm mult firnJ jauce." Salem, Oregon, Thursday, February 4, 1954 (" OrrM QUEEN- ELIZABETH REACHES AUSTRALIA Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain becomes the first reigning sovereign of her empire to set foot on Australian soil as she steps ashore from a navy barge at Farm Cove, Sydney. Saluting is Sir William Slim, governor general, and standing behind him at left, are John J. Cahill, premier of New South Wales, and Robert G. Menzies, Australian prime minister. (AP Wirephoto via radio from Sydney) SenateCroupApproves Statehood for Alaska ,icu,vr.Tr,v , cU.. interior Committee voted 14-1 Thursday to approve a bill to ad' mii Aif,t in bi,hri From Fir Bark vi ir.irNP in Douglas fir bark : will ho hin fm r,,0o mnu win ho sWonmi 10 an Arkansas plant wr tests ot a 1PW nrocPKK fnr manufacturing i wax fr0 mthe bark. cl y-: t: , member of the Oregon Stale De- velopmcnt Commission, said that the M. W. Kellogg Co. of New Jersey has made arrangements for a pilot plant operation with the Soya Co. at Wilson, Ark. He said the Kellogg Co. holds a five-year exclusive rights agree ment for use of a wax-from-bark process developed at the Oregon, Forest Products Laboratory in Corvallis. i An attorney for the Kellogg Co. j recently toiu ine uregon state i a f a f I Forestry Board that the companyifli Rmmii I.AANr will utilize pilot plant findings in 'deciding whether lo enter full scale production of commercial wax. . 'Zip to Things' ISays Martin WASHINGTON UP Speaker of we House Martin, speaking of a new "zip to things" in Washington, predicted Thursday the Eisenhow forc Congress quits this summer, j But the veteran Massachusetts ! legislator said in a lilk Prepared for a luncheon meeting of the Re- ublican National Finance Comm mittec that President Eisenhower's broad legislative recommendations wofild never be finally approved unless a "Republican Congress" is returned In the November elec tions. "It is a big, complex program, but in my opinion we will be able to enact the great bulk of it," he asserted, adding: "Nothing can be more vital lo us than the re-election of a Re publican House and Senate this fal'." Republicans were here from every slate for a three-day rally and campaign talks. The finance group met first lo decide on an ex- at-;pamJcd mi campaign budget, ; Plan to Develop Dinosaur Park I.OS ANGELES U P) Infc- rinr Secretary Douglas McKay said last night the federal gov - ernmcnt hopes to develop Dino saur National Monmument into a recreational area rivaling Lake Mead and Great Smokcy Nation al Park The monument overlaps the tional facility, McKay told a Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce oanmici. McKay said, however, the rec- , ommennaunn iot a nam ai r.cno . iinrb ic nni a nrnrpi pn lur onv. , n - - ernmcm invasion into other ; niri-t u n tuwiitra(ii nnn nn 'im.-. '. .... rtam wouui ne mim m vamnr- nia, Yfpmilc Park of ni Yd- t hjwsiww. J... n,...ii,i.i ,ni k.lm in s mae'y Publicized cam- delayed for " few days to incor porate amendments to the bill de termined upon by the full com mittee Thursday. As soon as those amendments can be fitted into the legislation, he said, the Alaska bill will go on the Senate calendar along with the Hawaii statehood bill which was approved by the committee last week. Committee members said the . only vote against the bill was that of ,.Ul 1 However, several committee members, including Chairman But ler, reserved the right . to oppose the bill when it reaches the Sen- ate noor- Sen. Cordon (R-Orel. chairman of a subcommittee which has been working' on the Alaska bill tor two weeks, declined to discuss the nature of amendments .ordered Thursday. (Continued on Page 5, CoL 1) Huge Surplus III lAlflff UUvViJ WASHINGTON IP House in vestigators reported Thursday the military services are piling up billions of dollars worth of sur plus equipment faster than, they can dispose of it through present "unin-pired" methods. Rep. Richlman R-NY), chair man of a government operations subcommittee, added that the services themselves don't know now miich excess military cquip- ment they have but that some estimates reach 10 billion dollars. The subcommittee in a report 0f concern" for this "critical prob-1 iem ' ) j ,tjchlman said in an interview ne would nave military oiiiciais on the carpet within two weeks as the investigation developed. Say Reds Don't Control Hawaii WASHINGTON iir, - Urging prompt Senate passage of the Ha waii statehood bill, the Senate In terior Committee Thursday reject ed testimony that Communism in the islands has increased during the past few years. In its formal report to the Sen ate on the statehood legislation, the committee said it did not deny that Communist activity exists in Hawaii, just as in the various states, but: "We do contend (U that the gen era! public in aii strata of society m Hawaii have become far more alert to the Communist menace """"S lhe nasl v years: 2i i,hat Communist power and Ihflu - icncc havc strikingly declined dur - ing the past few years; and 3 that Communism in Hawaii is no!pf.r, estimated Thursday that in ("The pilgrims got the impression more nf a threat to the present Bn ar(Mind 500 were killed and ; the Nagas were violent and there territorial government or the pro-; j ono injured. I fore ran for their lives, crushing posed state government than it is ,-(,,, government radio disclosed! to death the infirm, old, beggars in B"y of ,hc '5(in8 stalcs OLYMPIA W The state earn paign to reduce the trattic fleatn ; uni snowco ,im ugu muu- dny: iranic neains since .ian i. il rant np.iin. inr camp nenrxi Traffic dentin for same period i vxa: SB. - i rmt if nrnirtt iinrp ramnnivn ......, - stanen sw. i. im. Traffic dfths for pfriod t yi Form All Russia Offers to Buy $ Billion in British Supplies MOSCOW W (Telephoned to London) The Russian govern ment Thursday offered- to place contracts worth four hundred mil lion pounds sterling, ($1,120,000, 000),' with British industries for delivery from 1955 to 1957. This offer was transmitted in a memorandum handed by Ivan G. Kabanov, the Soviet minister of foreign trade, to a delegation of 32 British private business men who are visiting Moscow. The offer concerned a large variety of equipment including tankers, small cargo ships, indus trial plant equipment, small elec tric power stations as well as rail road equipment, floating docks, fish carriers and steam boilers. Buying From Argentina Also Accompanying the memoran dum the Russians handed over a detailed breakdown of equipment tney said they could use. . This was the biggest gesture yet announced by the Soviet govern- paign offering to revive East West trac. At practically the same time, an Argentine technical mission spokesman told a news conference that Soviet-Argentine trade is ex panding and that a new and big ger trade agreement was expect ed to be negotiated for next year. The mission has been here for the (Continued on Pa?e 5, Col. 3) Russians Guard Spies in Tokyo TOKYO UP The Russians took ' extraordinary precautions today to prevent any other mem ber of their outlawed mission here from following a "very nerv ous," highly placed officer of the soviet spy ring in his desertion to democracy. Two other secret police oper ative who worked closely with second secretary Yuri Sostvorov before his Jan. 24 surrender to American inteliigence, have been ordered home by (he Kremlin. They, along with five other ad ults and one infant, will leave Tokyo by train for Hiroshima thii weekend to board a small Soviet ship now undergoing repairs at K.isado on the Inland Sea. Virtual Prison . Meanwhile, the high walled So viet Mission became a virtual prison for its occupants. Japanese police said the Rus sians emerged only in pairs, ap parently assigned to guard each other against further desertions. An official of the Soviet Mis sion made the illuminating dis closure that Raslvorov had been "very nervous" before his disap pearance. Reduce Charges A.aainsf Adventisls ANCHORAGE. Alaska VP) Mutiny charges against four Sev enth Day Adventist church mem bers, including two Oregonians, nave Been reduced at Fort Rich ardson, to willful disobedience. The four were charged with failing to carry out their duties on a Saturday in connection with a practice air raid alert. Saturday is the Sabbath of their church. The Oregonians charged were Pvts. Harold L. Massey, Salem, and Numan V. Haffner, Harris-burg. Find Bodies of 341 in Hindu Religious Crush XEW lIKI.m. India (! The, bodies of 341 dead, most of thereto an accusation that the Nag3s. 1 women, i.ave been recovered at I in order to save themseives, used !(h0 site of the Hindu pilgrimage j the spears Ihey habitually carry ;,iBmn(,! t Allahabad. JS'ewsoa- the recovered dead included 2.i2'and others who came in their 'women, 49 men and 40 children. way." Three million frenr.icd pilgrims. The dralhs marred the great were involved in the crush jKumbh Mela Festival, one of the Wednesday at lhe junction of the holiest in the Hindu religion. It Ganges and Jumna rivers, hoiyi nci,j t 12-year intervals to ccie waters to Hindus. pirate the victory of gods over Many were wasnea oownsircam. A communique saia me siain- peoe oeveiopco as xroui' ii..u ''"'"'""-""''.''"'r j ncacico nac k m camp wun u.nr (...;,Mj...,,., """ "The INagas and the pilgrims- mv mix, niiu im- uiikmimb came together when ome pi - - . tu kiiiii: on iinu iiia nric l u.-hiuu. wrk-i on the profession rmiif the ; statement said. TT?ST mands Big 4 German Regime Jimmy's Wife Tried Suicide 6 Years Ago LOS ANGELES (UP) Po lice records indicating Mrs. Ro melle Roosevelt attempted sui cide six years ago were uncov ered today as she prepared lor a court battle tomorrow over her demands for $3,500 alimony and child support irom husband James Rooseveit. Beverly Hills police records showed the former nurse was treated April 18, 1948, for as overdose ol sleeping pills and police files contained a note in her handwriting signed R which said: VI am too tired for any other course. Waste no prayers on me, but pray that the children will not be like either Jimmy or me." The police records said the case was reported by James Rooseveit as an attempted suicide and that after officers went to the Roose velt home and made an investiga tion they did not change that re port. Mrs. Roosevelt's physician. Dr. Blake Watson, had reported Mrs. Roosevelt told him she look the pills accidentally, thinking they were headache tablets. More Guns Sent Indochina Reds WASHINGTON (.UP) There was a sharp and ominous in-S crease recently in shipments of weapons and war eouroment tai the Communist rebels in lndo-i China, it was learned today. 1 This dIus increased rehel ar-l !LViJy w ?2t?jihireU5!f "WASHINGTON tat Be- that . the' Communists may be vKiists iuf im ati out orive to force the French out of Indo china and end the seven-year war, Some strategists believe that one major defeat for the French and native anil-Communist forces could be disastrous, it would co incide with rising demands in bloody guerrilla war, opening the j floodgates for a . Communis!' sweep of all Southeast Asia. Jncreascd arms deliveries to the Communist rebels are report ed to have occurred after the end of the Korean War iast July. There had been previous official estimates that deliveries from Red China were running at about 1000 tons a month. Importation of Mexicans Half WASHINGTON (UPJ The Labor Department today ordered that the importation of Mexican farm labor be stopped at the clone of business tomorrow Department officials testifying before the House Agriculture Committee yesterday said such action would have to be taken this week because of a lack of funds and legal authority. Under a ruling by the Budget Bureau, the department needs legislative authority to carry on the Mexican farm labor program. The V, S.-Mexican agreement on the program expired Jan. 15. The department aiso said il is running out nf funds for the pro gram. The Hous Appropriations Committee has an administration request for $1,550,000 in suplc mcntal appropriations to carry on the program through the re mainder of this fiscal year -which ends June 30. The rnmmiinimic did not reDiv to fend off wild animais. but said; j demons in mvthicat battle at iilf, ii rrim(J Minjs(er jjthru, who was in Aiiahahad for ; festival, toid newj ,nc stampwe wa, gwr hcfore nyonc in author- .... j t ,u - . ' renariot u ended with liv 1-JU1U UU ilfiyUUJIV 1U ttVVll 4i,f 13 tiunmcs, xiu amu a tunuiu- , ... : utlng factor was slippery ground, due to an overnight drisilc. Reds of East Placed on Par With Free West BERLIN 5 Soviet Foreign Minister V. M. Molotov demanded Thursday night that the Big Four get on with forming a provisional all-German government including Communists to handle national elections and achieve unity for the divided nation. - The Russian submitted a five- point plan to the foreign ministers conference to accomplish his aim; Recognition of the Communist East German government on a par with the freely-elected West regime so that the German Reds would be entrenched regardless of popular will. Molotov s plan was identical with that made public last Satur day night by the East "German government in a memorandum to the conference. Even the language was almost the same. 3 Point Plan Proposed The Molotov plan called for: 1. Formation of the provisional government by the parliaments of the East and West German re gimes, including the wide partici pation of the Communist mass organizations' such as the youth, the women, the farmers league and the Red-run unions. 2, Preparation and holding of ail German elections by this provis ional government. (Continued on Page 5, Col. 2) Action Delayed On Brkker BUI publican Leader Knawland (Call!) said Thursday the final benate de cision on the Bricker treaty-power amendment may have to be put off for 10 days or more. As the Senato pushed ahead with its seventh day of formal de bate on the hotly disputed plan. Knowland told newsmen he now was "not too sanguine" about set ting a final vote this week. .,,, Ih .Mt n That would mean pulling it oil because there is an informal' un- dcl.s(aiKiiBg lhere wffi fee no im- portant senate business next wee when many Republican senators will be out of town to make Lin coln ay speeches. Knowland said he would try to go? votes this week on all the im portant alternative proposals. These can be accepted or re jected by majority votes but final passage of whatever is agreed up on as a constitutional amendment would take a two-thirds vote. No Boost in MiAMI BEACH, Fia. Sec retary of Labor Mitchell said Thursday after conferring win AFL leaders that the Eisenhower administration probably will not recommend any boost in the fed eral minimum wage at this ses sion of Congress. The AFL has called -lor a top increase in the present 75 cent an hour minimum lo l.Z5. Mitchell came here at the AFL'a request to consult with member of the AFL Executive Council at their wint-r meeting. Despite advance indication that the AFL chiefs intended lo put the labor secretary on the griddle about President Eisenhower's pol icies, Mitchell told newsmen after ward he had a "very harmonious and constructive" conference. Eisenhower toid Congress last week that whiie a boost in the minimum wage and broadening the number of workers it covered "is desirable." the changes should come when the economy is in bet ter shape. No Rain Forecast Through Friday Despite suggestion of haze and high cloudiness Thursday, the weather man says no rain is in prospect fna Friday, the ideal mid winter weather to continue. Another heavy frost came in on Salem and the valley Wednesday night, the Thursday morning min imum again being below freezing, 27 degrees, but one above the Wed nesday minimum. A low . ef aroun d27 is called for tonight So far no rain is registered for . F ebruary and the normal to thii period is M of an Inch. Weather Details ji.jww w,"r, , . tl. T.t.l M-h.ar yrtcl.Hall.Hi j .r m.ntlt: at n.tm.1. Sea.aa ra- rllli.tin, SMSl j.ri, ?.Tt, hflihl. la. I Irrl. in.aort r I'.S. w,iH tr flareaa.1 -