Pact 4
al
An Independent Newspaper Established 1888
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GEORGE PUTNAM. Editor Emeritus
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LIBERAL OR CONSERVATIVE?
Liberal and conservative are two great words, suppos
edly meaning opposites in thinking. Two great political
parties developed under these names in England and alter
nated in ruling that country for some two centuries, until
In our own time so many Liberals became Socialists as to
reduce the Liberal party to a shadow of its former self. '
Americans habitually classify themselves along these
lines, but our people like to think of themselves as liberals.
So you will find at least 10 people calling themselves such
to on who will admit he is a conservative, although prob
ably an outright majority of our people actually are con
servative. But are the two mutually antagonistic? We have never
thought they were, but that the same person might take
the liberal view on one issue, the conservative on another.
One of the most conservative men we ever knew, in poli
tics, was an extreme liberal in religion and proud of it.
These thoughts are prompted by President Eisenhower's
comment when asked if his administration is liberal or
censervative. Eisenhower is more of a philosopher than
most people realize, an original thinker as well as a man
of affairs. , ; -
Said Eisenhower, in effect, "we are liberal in our atti
tude toward people and we are conservative in handling
economic affairs." We expect a good many to take issue
with' this and to point out that economic affairs relate
closely to people, that no line can be drawn.
' Another way of saying the same thing would be that
"we are progressive, we are constantly exploring to find
new ways of promoting the people's interests, but we rely
on orthodox, time tried methods. In short, that one can
be progressive and conservative at the same time. A poli
tical party in Canada calls itself that, and there is no in-1
consistency.
Americans who love slogans and do not wish to think
very deeply will continue to
to chant them, often with little realization of what they
mean, inose who think things through will continue to
be puzzled about whether they are really liberals or con
servatives when they find themselves repeatedly getting
into the other camp as individual issues unfold.
If we are wise we will see the value in each line of think
ing, the progressive or liberal to seek changes, the con
servative to see that they work successfully. With only
conservatives progress would be too slow, with only lib
erals we might find ourselves in hopeless confusion.
Eisenhower is on the right track in trying to be both
liberal and conservative. It is not an easy road to follow.
It. is a course subject to attack from extremists on both
aides. But it is more nearly right than any other and it
best suits the present temper
rightly. v
THE OLD STRUGGLE i
Back of the Brickcr amendment to thp constitution in
limit power of the president in treaty making is the
renewed congressional effort to wrest power from the
president in the field of foreign relations, a continuation
of an old and recurring struggle for power between con
gress and the executive.
' Bricker first offered his idea in the senate in 1951. In
1952 the American Bar Association's house of delegates,
but not by a unanimous vote, approved one of its own,
tougher than Bricker's who immediately supported it.
Both were products of long-time criticism and fears.
The criticism was aimed at the abuse of power by Presi
dents Roosevelt and Truman with Stalin and were the im
mediate cause of the cold war and communist expansion
throughout the world. The contents of these secret
treaties were not known to congress until long afterwards
and never approved by the somite.
Bricker proposed that the constitution should ha Vp some
safeguard written into it specifically giving both houses !
of congress authority to regulate executive agreements. I
Its opponents say it would do more damage than good and i
dnxtrnvi Ihn hrn.iHMl', r,n,... nj ik. t
.iv.nui.iih.i onu iiiu i-fiui ttiiu'i tit iuwer
provided by the Constitution and give the 48 states a vote
over treaties and the handling of foreign affairs.
When Bricker introduced his amendment in 1951, 04
senators pledged their support, but with the president's
open opposition, it is doubtful if he could now get two-
iniruR oi tne senate to vote lor it, us his support has
melted under White House heat and close study of the
inevitable results. Compromise has been attempted but
is not likely to succeed.
Those who originally favored the amendment have an
out, for since they signed the measure it has been altered
to tnciuao its most controversial provisions.
The Vote on the amendment,
er s Strength in rnnirri ihp
cngth 111 coneiess. the
r n " v
G. P,
THE COFFEE PRICE SQUEEZE
The Federal Trade t'omiilis.sioii i t'liinu to invrxliiml '
the coffee price boost, mid this
use coffee and can he rooked
turner as in any way wc Know
J?,.r In r,,lM ..r .1
. " V ' ' Kr.re.i mill i wo prill-1
cipal facts will bo found, had No. 1 is that sharp coffee
exports are constantly watching for an opportunity to i
corner the market. They iret
condition oi me crop in the cot fee producintr countries,
together with consumption trends, etc. H'hen thev think
they sec an opportunity they huy and tie up slocks in
amounts sufficient to create a throat of shortage.
Fact No. 2 is that this short of tiling would nut succeed
without the cooperation of the vorv nuhlie that vot
in the deal. As soon as puhlicily begins to appear on a '
anortHKc threat the buyers throng1 to the stores to buy
ahead of immediate needs. The law of supply and demand
then takes its normal course. Demand exceeds sumhIv miH
1 n . . U i . TL ' t ' it t '
the price shoots up. This frightens buyers, there is more ,
nun HiiiriiT ouyiiiK mm inc price gix up some more
Ihen the reverse takes place, irate housewives tiiit
buying until prices come down. Those who have bought
ahead cease buying. Supply exceeds demand. The price
falls back. But in the meantime the sharp scpculators
"get theirs."
If there is a way to head off these periodic coffee cor
ners by government action, by all means let's have it. Hut
the most effective way will always be for housewives to
refuse to get excited when they hoar of a "short age."
There'll always be coffee, and there's no record of any
one ever having died if he quit for a week or two just
in rase the supply ever did run out, briefly.
Smart boys are playing us for suckers.
A Journal
11 JO; On, Tr, 111 00 Br Ulll 111
Om Yr, 1( 00 By Ulll OuUUU Ortioo
Txr. MM
Din them on their breasts and
of our people if we read this
FOR POWER
will hp o tr.i of V !.,...,..
mur ....i tt i
must rnne nsivp vp
I
is well, for mosi Americans ,
about as neatly hv a coffee
...... .... .
advance information on the'rirt('1- would bring a "rrv sour
WASHINGTON MERRY
Commodity Credit Corp.
Okayed Reds' Butter Deal
By DREW
WASHINGTON Here Is
whut happened inside the Ei
senhower cabinet regarding the
controversial, dynamite - i"den
but very tempting Russian of
fer to buy 44,000,000 pounds of
aurplus American butter.
Actually, the Commodity
Credit Corporation, the Agri
culture Department subsidiary
which buvs and stores butter,
had OK'd the butter deal. They
felt that even if the Russian
price was a little low, It would
be wise to get part of our but
ter surplus out of warehouses
before it spoiled.
This was the general line,
therefore, that sincere, much-
criticized Secretary of Agricul
ture Benson took at the cabinet
meeting. He pointed out that
butter was accumulating in
American warehouses at the
rate of over 1,000,000 pounds a
day and that getting rid of it
was a very real problem.
He also pointed out lhat the
United States was already sell
ing tallow to Soviet Russia, and
butter was no more strategic
than tallow.
Another argument was that
Russia didn't have to have the
butter from us. She could buy
it elsewhere if she couldn't pur
chase it on the American mar-
kct -
finally Benson pointed out
lhal b tPP"'-K ie butter sale,
the administration would lose
money for the American tax
payers, since the butter would
not keep Indefinitely. While
the butter would be sold a lit
tle cheaper than the V. S. sup
port price, even so, It was
argued, this was better than a
total loss.
Rcnson Overruled
No one at the cabinet meet
ing disagreed with Benson on
any of the points he raised. The
only point where they differed
was regarding the reaction of
the American public. And al-
most every member of the cabi
npl who rxiirrssfH himself siitd
that to sell butler to Russia ;
' ------ -
at a cheaper price than to the ;
American hou.cwife would ere-
i ale n nnlion-wiitp furnr.
The support price for butter
l",i(l "", IVpartmrnt of Ag
rlculture today is around 67
cents n pound. The world price
oiiorca oy itussia,
Is around 4H cents a pound,
This difference of 21 cents a
pound, the cabinet finally dc
reaction from American boue-
wives.
Loner Itutler Prices
However, 'he nle was not
entirely killed un Harold Stas.
sen Indicated later. And here
is the strategy bring discussed
fnr u,p ,llUllT
fly April 1. Secretary Ben-
sop has to make up his mind
whether he will support dairy,
prices during the coming year, i
1'iitin utiiitit; uiv ikmiiiik ati ni. :
And according to present ten- ;
tative thinking inside the ad-
ministration, he will reduce
support prices. Benson himself
has been a great friend of the
dairymen, but administration
policies arc to reduce fram
prices somewhat and he will go
alone with that policy.
Thi5 will put the new price
ol butter nearer the Russian of-
frr of 4fi cents a pound, In
which case, It's argued, t h e
Soviet sale would be much
more favorably received by the
public. Actually the butter al
ready accumulated, and which
THE CAPITAL JOURNAL, Salem. Oregon
THE SEANCE
WcNxrrWIa&klx
- GO - ROUND
PEARSON
will be sold, will still be priced
at 67 cents, but new butter pur
chased under the new price
support plan would be cheaper.
Security Officer Quits
Guarding a foreign president
while visiting the United States
is an extremely delicate, diffi
cult job, and a lot of prepara
tion went into the welcome of
Turkish President Celal Bayar
who has just arrived in Wash
ington.
President Celal Bayar repre.
sentj one of the best friends the
United States has any place in
Europe or Asia. Likewise he
happens to be a stubborn foe
of adjacent Soviet Russia,
which has long coveted the
famed waterway connecting
the Black Sea with the outside
world over which Turkey
stands guard.
U. S. officials, therefore, are
not unmindful of the fact that
a secret communist attempt on
the Turkish Presidents life
while visiting in the U. S. A.
would be interpreted in Tur
key as comint, from an Ameri
can and could seriously disrupt
relations between the two
countries. It was the Nazi-in
spired murder of King Alcxan-
der of Yugoslavia, while visit
ing in France before the war,
which disrupted Franco-Yugoslav
relations and became one
step In the march of events
lending to war.
Chief job of guarding the life
of the visiting President has
been that of State Department
Security Officer William Hus
key, who planned the protec
tion of the King and Queen of
Greece and various other visit
ing dignitaries.
Huskey happens to be a dem
ocrat. His new boss in the
State Department, Scott Mc
Leod, happens to be not only
a republican but a close friend
of Senator McCarthy, and has
been busy as a street cleaner
sweeping out every democrat
he could lay his hands on.
McLeod, however, never
knew what lluskey's politics
were, until one day before the
arrival of the Turkish nrnsi.
' dent.
On that day Huskey quit.
Ironically, he look a job with
the Democratic National Com
mittee. NOTE State Department
higher-ups at first were in a
furor over lluskey's departure.
i He finally showed them that
1 plann .'or protecting the Turk
: irh I rririrnt har' been su well
prepared his resignation would
nol Increase security rirks.
Rhee Kci'Ckcs
u. t.. officials heaved a sigh
of relief as yesterday passed
without President Syngman
Rhee carrying out his threat to
move South Korean troops
north. January 27 was the
deadline the hardheacled little
iiimiiiuv 1 1 it- uni ii i itMiivii 1 1 1 lit
leader of South Korea had set
for his offensive,
j Actually U. S. officials knew
i in advance that Rhee would not
carry out his threat. They also
know that Rhee now has in
mind another troop movement
which he probably will carry
1 rut. He has postponed his of-
I tensive for three months, until
! April 27, and at that time In-
tends to send ROK troops north
of the 3flth parallel. However,
he will halt them before they
re; rh Communist defenses on
the edge of the neutral zone.
There is one all-important
Pre-Mafure "Obit"
Boise Statesman
Having been missing and
considered dead for two days,
the novelist Ernest Hemingway
will have the rare privilege of
reading his own obituary in
newspapers from all parts of
the world. A man who has sur
vived two plane crashes in the
African jungle within two days
has earned some sort of special
privilege.
"The reports of my death
are greatly exaggerated," Mark
Twain cabled from Europe in
a somewhat similar situation.
Since his day Hemingway has
added a new style to American
literature, a style of blunt
rough words. It will be inter
esting to see what he has to say
about his obituary.
UNK1NDKST CUT!
Pendleton East Oregonian
Eleanor Holm is divorcing
Billy Rose. That's loo bad. Rose
probably will marry again, and
we doubt that any girl deserves
such a fate. '
reason why Rhee is willing to
pull his punches, and it's the
same reason why the United
Nations is not likely to resume
ground warfare in Korea ever
aRain. If war is resumed it
will be via the air and with
atom bombs.
The reason is the steel-and-concrele
"Maginot Line" which
the Chinese have built across
the Korean peninsula. No army
could possibly storm it with-
;;'s nV" VhTt ,v" the
Tt s h. !.. ,
thought of wasting lives on its
comes neccssarv we will do
whaUh" Germans did with the
ricm.il maginni l.llie ana cir-
C ,
cumvent it
Rhee, therefore, will march
his troops up to the Communist
M;iglnot line and then stop.
NOTE As far as the V. N.
is concerned, Allied intelli
gence does not expect any re -
sumption of Korean fighting
except possibly for interim!-
tent local flare-ups along Ihe
battle line
o 1 J
B t f ... V 0 1 5
. . .. -.kuooern
TheOT'fVeweenttd
.t,TnOrV-
f n billion
ver t"""
In force
gon.
Agreements Short
Cut to Socialism
By RAYMOND MOLEY
While much of the controversy
that has developed over the Ran
dall report on foreign economic
policy centers upon the tariff
recommendations, a more vitai
immediate matter is its condem
nation of the surreptitious proc
ess of bringing controls into our
domestic economy by internation
al commodity agreements nego
tiated by the State Department
with little attention by congress
or by the public. One example
of a most unfortunate and costly
operation of that kind is the in
ternational wheat agreement,
which was renewed last summer
under rather strange circum
stances. '
This, however, is only the be
ginning of a long series of such
cartelizations which have been
under negotiation or are con
templated in many other lines of
raw materials. The affinity of
the State Department with that
sort of thing is undoubtedly the
reason why there is so much
opposition to section 3 of the
Bricker amendment, which would
bring such matters under the
control of Congress.
. The Randall report says:
"The commission does not be
lieve that extensive resort to
commodity agreements will
solve the problem of price in
stability; and it believes that
such agreements introduce rig
idities and restraints that impair
the elasticity of economic ad
justment and the freedom of in
dividual initiative, which are
fundamental to economic prog
gres." Thus this commission selected
by President Eisenhower charac
terizes a procedure which the
president himself was persuad
ed to favor last July and which
the senate approved. This at
least gives the president, if he
will examine the facts carefully,
an opportunity to alter his atti
tude on this vitally important
matter.
The wheat agreement had cost
this country at least $600,000,000
by the time it was renewed in
July. What it will cost beyond
that is conjectural.
It is fantastic that the State
Department, which has for many
years favored what Secretary
Hull called "more liberal trade
policies," would also favor such
policies of fastening upon eco
nomic life a much more rigid
and restrictive method of reg
ulating not only international
trade but the domestic economy.
The answer is obvious, however.
Cutting out tariffs and locking
ourselves in international com
pacts both help nations abroad at
our expense. That is apparently
the fixed purpose of the State
Department bureaucracy, how
ever illogical it may be.
In July the wheat agreement
was rushed through the senate
without a record vote. Only one
voice was raised against it
that of the Democratic Senator
Frear of Delaware. Even The
New York Times, which is strong
ly internationalist and seeks now
to defeat the Bricker proposal,
said editorially at the time:
Thus at a timo when we are
pledging ourselves to a continu
ance of liberal foreign trade pol
icy by extending the Trade
Agreements Act without crip
pling amendments we are rid
ing off in the opposite direction
in a manner of speaking, by con
tinuing as a member of an inter
national commodity cartel which
i ls ll'c n"ncu oi trane iinerai.
lsm,-
The Randall report shows con-
sistenry by its condemnation of
W 'P':i;!'
i oui nm oniy inc violation oi
j - Y7wo I h
L i"
! Mii0'
lllllll HIV IIMMIUMIK t'l mi Willi,
, ahrnaH. Thr. rnd results will
be the dumping of surpluses of
other materials by foreign coun
tries here.
APPROPRIATELY NAMED
! OKLAHOMA CITY I The
Oklahoma City YMCA announced
; its new aquatic committee today.
Included were Lee Fish and Al
; Whale.
mis o-
o'
now all -
the ps'
Our best wishes
and leadership-
ij
.nOre-
POOR MAN'S PHILOSOPHER
Pipe Smokers Are, Quiet,
Peaceful, Police Chiefs Say
By HAL
NEW LORK, W) Never mind
whether cigarettes give you a
pfllicll.
Science is already musing over
such problems. Let's take up to
day another tempestuous issue in
the world of tobacco, which is:
If a man smokes a pipe is he
less likely to rob a bank, strike
his wife, or saw his mother-in-law
in half?
The nation has an estimated IB
Salem 22 Years
By BEN MAXWELL
January 28, 1932
Funeral services for William
Wrigley, chewing gum manufac
turer, were to be conducted at
Pasadena, Calif.
"Wild and woolly and full of
fleas naver has been curried be
low the knees," a pioneer phrase,
had been used to characterize a
band of outlaw cattle grazing in
the foothills east of Scio that had
been disposed of by their owner,
J. J. Weidman.
Rockne Six automobile sold by
State Motors, 525 Chemeketa street,
had a factory price of $585 and
$685.
Worth's Department store had a
clearance underway that priced
ladies night gowns made of batiste
and hand embroidered pink or
white, a 75c value for 29c.
Publication of a new magazine
in Salem to be called "Earth" had
been announced by its editor. J. Ni
ver. Aim of the publication was to
become a meeting ground for
writers to discuss philosophy, so
ciology and cultural interests.
Earth had as its staff A. M.
Church, Perry Reigelman, John M.
Clifford and E. Schelander.
Southern Pacific had announced
the closure of its downtown office
on Liberty street as an economy
measure.
Unemployment had driven hun
dreds of men from all over Ore
gon to the gold pan, pick, single
jack and sluice box in an effort
to a living.
t.. p..i ni,),.!. n.n,i y,a
been elected head of the Oregon
Anti Saloon League.
OPEN FORUM
Oswald West Recalls
Old Dallas Lynching
Ren Maxwell's column
Salem 54 years ago published! man' of thcm takinS ""' a
Jan. 25 contained an item on!couple puffs before stubbing it
a Dallas hanging. This promot-out and uhlm another
ed Oswald West, former Ore- "piPe smokers seem to have
gon governor and Capital Jour- ess "ervo"s tension," wrote Po
nal reader to write the Forum 1 1 t- Lc Ku Scranton,
column as follows: ' '
"This Incident reminds mc ' It would appear pipe smokers
that my seat mate at the Big "ne f1"! the more stable social
Central school was absent two bTlt?'ef,,a HaU-
I hole days during which time!
lie jumcu ... imner ana 0ldcri more set,lcn pcrsons than
brothers in extracting from the. are the cigarette smokers, and it
Polk county jail a brother-in-! naturally follows that the ciga
law who while drunk had shot rcttc smokers ill be more numer
and killed his sister and hang- ous among the law violators," said
ing him to a branch cf the oak Chief Ray Bbnkenship of North
tree that now stands beyond Little Rock, Ark.
the curbing on the street to' frankly, it seems to us this
the south. This tree, with P" raises morc questions than
others was standing within the answers-
,.,,-, ,.,,. rf.nm.j. .. . What shane of ninr and what
,. ,. ' al lndt
j 1 "" "PC w Pur-
t'Z
iiiasi-u iiimii inu n ISC flr ftevt
. - ' ,
I was quite considerate withmy
- mm mr
i abSCnC eXCUSP- '
REDS PROVIDE
FARM TITLE
tmemw r- -- ... . .
......o,, , an cnon to the cliv who likes 'err king size?
speed its drive to raise farm Will police chiefs appear on tele
production and livine st,:nd.nrtU .... j w
n the next three years, the Sov-,
iet Government has established !
the honorarv title of "Mrritori !
I Agronomist of ihe Republic" to !
'. be awarded for outstanding serv-
Our Congratulations to...
CORNELIUS LOFGREN
SAVEM, OREGON
Kiorihwestem Mutu ,. nt;en during iJJ
1 in new buSine,S per w w
,ne more :...u,ithfid
. .i. . r
inter,! oew busines
Time
Ye"
t0 Mr.lofgren for confnu.
L j EVANS, General Agent
TheNorthv.esternMutualUfelns.Co.
ruM"-'
Thursday, January 28 1954
BOYLE
million regular or part-time pipe
smokers. Are they a more law-
abiding class than other type
smokers?
To get the answer to this great
social question Morris L. Levin
son, president of the Kaywoodie
Pipe Co., polled 200 police chief.
We have the results at hand.
The statistics like most statistics
seem to prove pretty much
whatever you want to believe any
way. To begin with, 131 police chiefs
didn't reply at all. This proves
something we have thought all
along: You not only can't find a
cop when you really want one
you can't even attract his atten
tion through the man.
Of the 69 police chiefs who did
respond at all, 22 ducked the
issue by saying they had no fig
ures on the smoking habits of
their local criminals. Just why
not, they didn't say. But it would
seem easy enough for the police,
in grilling a suspect, to slip in a
leading query such as:
"We know you went to a pro
gressive school as a boy, Butch,
but what really led you to hijack
that truck? What were you smok
ing at the time pipe, cigarette
or cigar? Come clean now if you
know what's good for you."
The remaining 47 police chiefs
more or less bore out Levinson's
hopeful faith that pipe smokers
make good family men, rarely
cause the cops trouble, and sel
dom kick small dogs around.
A few comments:
The perfect of police in Paris,
France, regretted he had no sta
tistical data but admitted he
smoked a pipe himself.
"John McGraw of the New York
Giants put thumbs down on ball
players that smoked a pipe be
cause they were the 'peaceful'
type," wrote Chief of Detectives
George Lefquist of Sacramento,
Calif. "McGraw claimed they
lacked the fighting spirit and I
believe he was right to a large
extent."
"Older men are pipe smokers,
and crime reports reveal that the
younger age groups predominate
in crime," said Chief Ray D. Kerr
of Tacoma, Wash.
I "I do not smoke at all myself,"
said Dolice officer L. M. Hilton
f Odn, Utah but acknowl-
edged pipe smokers committed
few homicides in his area.
"We have had dealings with
thousands of criminals here, and
I cannot recall one of the 'big
lime' criminals smoking a pipe,"
commented Chief 0. A. Bonke of
Meridan, Miss. "On the contrary,
they chain-smoked cigarettes,
..pipc !mokcrs ac generally
brand of tnhaccn will mal-o nine
smn,tcrs evrn morc . b 'cj',i.
Would pipe smoking by wives
PCaWIU' "
soon nve-ceni cigar, or wouia h
jul ""tc n for ,h0
junce.
W ho commits the most crimes
the regular ciparcte smoker,
ttin rniA
"""i-" !ueiic ":
smoke mv brand-v'nu don't sec
me beinc arrested do vou'"
v.. ,Vj ,h,; ..',,ir-
lot of people take snuff secretlv,
and who knows whnl else Ihey
be un to'
w
it""
ed success