PtC
Capital AJournal
An Independent Newspaper Established 1888
BERNARD MAINWARING, Editor and Publisher
GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor Emeritus
Published every afternoon except Sunday at 444 Che
meketa St., Salem. Phones: Business, Newsroom, Want
Ads. 2-2406; Society Editor, 2-2409
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CONGRESS PREFERS DRAFT TO UMT
Congressional leader at a conference Monday are re
ported to have rejected a presidential commission's rec
ommendation for military manpower policy to' start uni
versal military training for youths not drafted.
The commission In a report to the president said that
UMT could be put Into effect by January, 1955, or earlier,
operating simultaneously with the draft.
The plan would require congressional approval. It
proposes a lottery to determine whether a youth would
get six months training or be required to serve two years
as a draftee.
The group said the program, while not achieving abso
lute equality, at least would avoid what it called the pres
ent unfair situation in which veterans are the only
reservists available to be called up in a sudden war emer
gency. Under the proposed UMT program, the trainees
would be called ahead of veterans.
The commission contended its program also might save
money by permitting a reduction in the regular military
forces, and might help deter war by setting up a steady
program of long-term preparedness.
Leaders in congress. House Speaker Joseph W. Martin,
Jr., Rep. Short (D., Mo.) of the House Armed Services
Committee, Rep Cole (R., N.Y.), chairman of the Atomic
Energy Committee, Rep. Arends (R., III.) House G.O.P.
whip, and other influential congressmen all announced
their opposition to UMT. On the other hand. Sen. Duff
(R., Pa.) and a few others favored it, pointing at the
"inequalities" of the present draft system.
The report to the president hammered hard at the argument
that the present dralt system la unfair, it said there are
about 1,600,000 "lit young men" of military age who have
not seen service now and that by 1960 thla number will have
Increased to 2,200,000 even it the size of the armed forces ii
not cut.
About 2.300,000 of the 2,300,000 youths who became 18 be
tween 1943 and the start of the Korean War saw no military
service In that period, the report said and yet 600,000 veterans
of World War II bad to be recalled involuntarily for service
in Korea.
The sentiment of congress, leaders assert, has not
changed since the licking UMT took in the House in
March, 1952, holding that "as long as there is need for
manpower, the draft should prevail." And opponents
seek to induce the president to drop the proposal at the
forthcoming White House conference on policies. G. P.
HIGHLY SUCCESSFUL NIXON TRIP
vice rresiaeni xucnara ruxon returns to tne united
States from a ten weeks, 45,000 mile tour of 21 countries
with Mrs. Nixon with enhanced prestige because the trip
was a much bigger success than anyone dared to hope
when it was decided upon.
The Nixons carried the greetings of President Eisen
hower who obviously could not make such a journey him
self. As such they were welcomed wherever they went.
They were assured this because they represented the most
powerful nation in the free world.
But the real value of the trip was in the spontaneous
good will engendered by the friendly Nixons themselves.
They were genuinely glad to see people in all walks of life.
They appear to have toured 21 countries as if Dick were
running for alderman in each one of them. But he wasn't
asking for anything except friendliness and he and his
good wife received a heaped up portion.
Cynical Americans in the countries through which the
Nixons passed described his tactics as "corny," for it
seems that to the cynical a friendly, natural attitude to
ward people has become that. But the people loved the
Nixons ; it was so long since they'd seen highups of any
country so conduct themselves.
A Japanese newspaper commented on the contrast be
tween the Nixons and Japanese politicians, who it is said
are very friendly before election, and very haughty after
ward. It suggested that the local politicos take a new look
at themselves and make a comparison with the repre
sentatives of the great United States.
Nixon was able at several points to make important
policy statements on behalf of the U. S. and everywhere
to leave a better feeling than he found. He will presum
ably be able to give the president and other officials con
siderable benefit from his first hand observations.
The young vice president and the nation's second lady
appear to have been the most helpful representatives we
have sent around the world for a long time.
DULLES' BLUNT WARNING
Secretary of State Dulles spoke not in the persuasive
tones of a professional diplomat but as the blunt, forth
right man he is in Paris Monday. He told the French to
ratify the European army within the next few months or
the United States will make "an agonizing reappraisal"
of its policy toward Western Europe.
What Dulles plainly meant was that the United States
is likely to withdraw its forces from Europe unless Europe
shows a whole lot more interest in helping to defend it
self. We aren't going to continue indefinitely to draft
American boys to defend French boys whose government
refuses to make them available for the defense of their
own country.
Another possibility is a U.S. military alliance with
Western Germany, which would organize a large army for
Its own defense, and would also defend Western Europe.
This might leave France completely out if France chose
not to cooperate. It would make Germany the principal
nation of Western Europe, which would be a devastat
ing blow to French pride.
French officials were described as furious at Dulles,
but he told them the plain facts of life they need to know
and which they are going to have to face anywav. If
Dulles went along with their shilly-shally tactics the U.S.
congress would soon become disgusted and force the re
turn of the American forces anyway. The American
public would insist upon this and would soon have its way.
France, described by one of her own leaders as the
present day "sick man of Europe" must bestir herself at
once or slip into a position little better than that of Spain.
It is not surprising that the blind leaders of a blind people
are incensed at being told this, but they have to he told
and the alternative policy has to be adopted if they con
tinue to refuse cooperation.
As Dulles said, the U.S. isn't going to be a partner in
anybody's suicide. If France and any other countries
over there choose luicide they must choose it for them
selves, not for us.
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WASHINGTON MERRY
Exp
ense Free
Europe
for Police Chief
By DREW
Washington Folks up In
New Hampshire have been
mystified as to how a modest
ly paid chief of police of Han
over, N.H., population 5,000,
was able to go on an expen
sive junket to Europe recent
ly all at government ex
pense. The answer Is: "Powerful
friends In high places." They
include:
Senator Bridges of New
Hampshire head of the sen
ate committee that appro
priates money for govern
ment; Sherman Adams, ex
governor of New Hampshire
and the most powerful man
In the White House next to
Ike; Scott McLeod, also of
New Hampshire, the most
powerful man In the state
department next to Dulles.
When you have these men
on your side, a S2.500 vaca
tion In Europe at government
expense la easy.
Officially other state de
partment officials say that Po
lice Chief Andrew Ferguson
was sent to Europe to guard
a courier who In turn carried
valuable papers.
Unofficially and privately.
state department officials ad
mit that Police Chief Fergu
son was about as necessary as
a smoky chimney. The regu
lar state department courier
was quite able to protect him
self. He had done ao before
In the past. He was not going
to Iron curtain countries, but
to such friendly countries as
France and Germany. Fur
thermore, If a guard had been
necessary, regular state dc-
imrimcm personnel were
available.
However. It was explained
that Police Chief Ferguson
initiated the Idea of going to
Europe. And when such
powerful friends as Assistant
President Sherman Adams.
oiuaior urinces. and Sent
Dacitra mm up,
the
state deportment yielded.
Stale department officials
said privately that Police
Chief Ferguson had done past
favors for Messrs. Adams
Bridges, and McLeod they
didn't know what.
1 Cost of Ferguson's trip to
I the taxpayers was estimated
I at $2,500. This doesn't In
I rhide side trips he took to
England and Scotland at his
! own expense.
IRKED LABOR
The treasury department
has Just dropped the AFL.
( CIO, and Negro represents.
: tives from the treasury sav
ings bonds division which
Isn't making organized labor
any happier.
i It's the job of these organ
ized labor reprcjcntatlves In
side the treasury to persuade
labor to buy bonds through
: monthly pay roll deductions
and the big unions have hclp
led sell about $15 million an
; nually. A total of 8,000.000
1 employes have signed to buy
I savings bonds by having a
i certain amount deducted from
their pav cheeks
I However, the treasury has
just dropped Lloyd Murdock,
AF of L savings bonds repre
sentative: W. A. Murphy, CIO
i representative; and L. L. Fos
ter, the Nejro Fepresentatttfe.
Actually, the three men
THE CAPITAL JOURNAL, Salem. Oregon
t ii- . .
- r- m 7i r use
- GO - ROUND
Vacation in
PEARSON
were not fired. They were
dropped for reasons of econ
omy. The treasury is also
correct in arguing that the
sale of these savings bonds is
expensive compared with the
huge sums bought up by the
banks. However, labor lead
ers have taken pride In the
fact that 8,000,000 employees
felt they had a stake In their
government to the extent of
buying bonds. They are
piqued at being left out in the
cold.
Remarked AFL Chief
George Meany to labor asso
ciates: -me program la a
good one and I'm sorry labor
lsn t wanted in It.
George Lynch, head of the
pattern makers was less di
plomatic: "If the Eisenhower-Jenner-
McCarthy-Velde axis wants
nothing further to do with or
ganized labor," He wrote the
treasury, "the pattern makers
will observe it to the Nth de
gree. Please destroy the
plates of the pattern makers."
Note The plates he re
ferred to are the mailing ad
dress plates of union members
to which the treasury sent its
savings bond letters.
The deadline Is up today
(Dec. 15) when the powerful
National Security Council
must decide how much to cut
national defense.
Two months ago the secur
ity council listened to Admir
al Arthur Radford, chairman
of the joint chiefs of staff, ar
gue for keeping the conven
tional weapons system and old
methods of warfare despite
the new atomic age, and de
spile the terrific expense.
They were not Impressed.
"Is this preview of the
New Look'?" asked Secretary
of the Treasury Humphrey,
reierring to the joint chiefs
long-overdue promise to over-
nam method n d.f.-,.
It represents a "Limited
Look.'" replied Radford, ad
mitting that no new strategy
actually was involved.
But Defense Department
Comptroller W. J. McNeill,
who sat alongside Radford at
the secret session, estimated
that his program would cost
about $43 billion. This raised
Secretary Humphrey right out
or nis chair.
"Can't substantial sums be
saved by strict economy In the
non-combat and support
areas?" demanded the man
who Is faced with the dilem
ma of reducing taxes and bat
sncing the budget.
Finally it was agreed that
the military would take a new
look at their proposed "new
look" and report later. The
deadline is up today.
Note The Security Coun
cil meanwhile has viewed
estimates of Soviet military
power, including the new Rus
slan hydrogen apparatus, and
has come to the sobering con
clusion that Russia Is not far
behind us In the atomic-hydrogen
race. This makes the
defense budget problem all
the more difficult.
HALF HOLIDAY GRANTED
Washington W President
Eisenhower has given federal
woiketa half days off Just be
fore Chrurtmaa and New Year's
KsoKrtftky
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ReeMAMNMO--
Over We Go
Corvallla Gazette-Times
Today we love the people of
Benton county more than ever.
They have given enough money
to put the county a United Fund
drive over the top. (Only
three other drives In the state
have reached that goal.) This
means the elimination of some
26 separate drives for money.
It means a great savings in time
and manpower. It means the
people in Benton county are
intelligent enough to support
their own charities In full and
in the least expensive and most
expeditious manner possible.
It means we can have a United
Fund next year and that we
won't go back to the old system.
One of the most remarkable
accomplishments In the conduct
of this drive was the low over
head cost. The whole job was
completed with only 1.36 of the
amount collected going out for
campaign expenses. This may
not be a record for the whole
country, but It is pretty close
to being one. Officials in Port
land say they have never heard
of a campaign being conducted
with so little expense. In many
places the overhead costs run
as high as 15 per cent.
What this low cost reflects
Is that all the workers here do
nated their own gasoline, paid
for their own meals and all
other incidental expenses.
Credit should also be given to
those mothers who paid baby
sitters while they went out to
canvass their areas.
Salem 14 Years Ago
By BEN MAXWELL
December 15, 1939
Oregon State Land board
had $250,000 in idle money on
hand and was trying to con
vince Oregon land owners that
they had best borrow from the
state rather than from federal
and private lending agencies.
Appointment of Oregon's
economic council had been an
nounced by Gov. Charles A.
Sprague. E. B. McNaughton
bad been named chairman.
Marion county had been al
located $150,701 for state high
way funds.
Britan's aircraft industry,
reports had said, was turning
out warplanes at the rate of
one each hour to meet the Ger
man menace.
W. D. Gilliam of Dallas had
planted a Port Orford cedar
tree in Dallas city park to
commemorate the memory of
his grandfather, Col. Cornel
ius Gilliam, who had reculted
a company of Polk county
pioneers to serve in the Cayuse
Indian war.
German pocket battleship
Admiral Graf Spee, battered by
a British task force off Monte
vldo, had buried her dead.
Salem's Mayor W. W. Chad
wick had proclaimed Decem
ber 17 as Finland day.
Linn county's new Jail had
fully measured up to federal
atandards and entirely con
formed to requirements for
jails housing federal prisoners.
Schoen's Sslem bakery had
Christmas fruit cakes for 25
cents and 50 cents a pound,
mlnre and pumpkin pies for
25 cents and 35 cents.
Day "in appreciation of their
loyal and devoted service" to
his administration.
Guaranteed Wage
Br RAYMOND MOLEY
Last week In Detroit public
interest la Senator McCarthy
and his opponents and friends
was closely pressed by concern
about CIO President Walter
Reuther's sword-rattling over
the old Issue of a guaranteed
annual wage. He seems to have
been speaking mainly as a
member of the Automobile
Workers Union rather than aa
CIO president, but the fact that
the steel work:rr contract ex.
plres considerably before the
automobile workers' contract
turns the question back to Da
vid McDonald, head of the
steel workers.
There are indications that
McDonald will move cautious
ly, but that next spring the
steel negotiations will begin
with a demand for a 50-week
guarantee. Then, according to
people accustomed to sucn ne
gotiations, the demand will
drop to 40 weeks. If the union
should get that, it would be in
a position to demand Increases
every time there is a new con
tract.
There seems to be no need
for alarm by employers about
a real light over a complete
annual guarantee in the imme
diate future. McDonald himself
has cautioned against that. A
modification of the idea is to
require a guaranteee confined
only to men of high seniority.
Then, when slack times come,
the men of low seniority would
be first to be laid off. Manage
ment would then spread out
the work as well as possible
among those under the guaran
tee. The fact is that management
generally has been trying to
spread employment for a long
time. This threat will simply
sharpen the effort to have
plans ready for the next reces
sion.
The extent to which any
thing like yearly employment
can be provided, whether
guaranteed by contract or not,
depends upon the nature of the
industry. Newspapers and mag
azines, which would seem to
be fairly well able to provide
some sort of assurance, appar
ently have never been asked
by the unions for guarantees.
Perhaps the unions follow a
policy of not asking for a guar
antee when they feel sure that
they can get it anyhow. It re
minds me of the man who rush
ed a bank upon which there
was a run of depositors. "If my
money's here," he said, "I don't
want it. If it ain't here, I want
It."
Industries, however, in which
competition is very keen and
in which regularity of demand
cannot be anticipated can do
nothing but resist demands for
a guaranteed annual wage with
everything they have. The au
tomobile industry Is the big ex
ample of that kind.
Men high in the management
of that industry say that they
could guarantee annual wages
but only at the sacrifice of eco
nomic freedom. They could se
verely limit production and
put prices up. That would mean
a greatly reduced working
staff. It would mean standardi
zation of model. It would mean
agreements among the compa
nies which would not be al
lowed now under the anti-trust
laws. In short, a cartel could
guarantee employment to a
limited number of workers.
But that would mean less
ard less production of real
wealth. It would be the impo
sition upon industry of some
thing like totalitarian control.
It would mean less employ
ment generally and a lower
standard of living.
But this is what the politi
cal and economic philosophy of
Walter Reuther comes down to,
whether he will admit it or not
For he is basically a believer
In statism and only by occupa
tion a labor boss.
We shall see In 1955 which
of these personal interests gets
the upper hand in the Keuther
mind.
Questions 1-Woy Grid
For Wide Salem Streets
To the Editor: Although the
one-way grid system has proven
helpful In other cities, such as
Eugene and Portland, where
they have narrow streets, it ap
pears to me that Salem is simp
ly trying to keep in step with
the "traffic style" of the times
by introducing this system on
our nice wide streets.
I wa glad to see the system
introduced here so it might be
fairly tested, but after finding
it necessary to travel three and
one-half blocks to arrive at a
point only one-half block dis
tant, I have begun to wonder
whether other cars may not al
so be driving around "Robin
Hood's Barn" to get to their
destination.
As a matter of fact, from my
office window in the Masonic
building, I have observed more
traffic congestion at the inter
section of State and High streets
since the Introduction of the
one-way grid system than prev
iously, not to mention the ad
ditional hazard to pedestrians.
I would like to hear from
otters regarding their exper-!
ience with the one-way grid
system, and if their experience i
has been as unsatisfactory as
mine, I trust that the mayor
and common council of our city
will give serious consideration
to limiting the one-way gTid to
the Highway Route, as It was
prior to the recent expansion.
JASON LEE,
Salem
POOR MAN'S PHILOSOPHER
You Can Enjoy Yule at a
Modest Cost If Ingenious
By HAL
New York What are
you doing to cut down Christ
mas costs?
Some people complain, "I
no longer can tell the differ
ence between Christmas and
bankruptcy." They have let
this festive season get out of
hand. But there is no reason
why you can't enjoy a fine
Christmas at minimum ex
pense if you show a little in
genuity. You may also hsve to
act like a heel, but everybody
else wiU be so full of milk of
human kindness they will
overlook It. And think of the
money you'll save. So here is
a heel's guide to a cut-rate
Christmas:
You probably still have last
year's Christmas csrds. So
mail them back to the people
who sent them to you, and en
close a note saying:
'I received so much pleaj
ure from looking at your
Christmas card In 1953 I am
unable to deny you the same
Joy in 1954. May it make the
new year happy for you."
Could anyone object to that?
Now, what about presents
for your friends? Do some
thing different. Why not get
your wife to collect some old
vests every closet hss a few
cut holes all over them, and
embroider the holes with
green and red yarn? Then
mail each vest to a friend with
this letter:
"May the enclosed Christ
mas-tree warmer keep your
sweet little tree snug and cozy
on the coldest night Be care
ful not to bruise its tender
little branches when you but
ton the warmer around It."
Why people will be talk
ing for days after getting a
present like that about how
thoughtful and sentimental
you were to think of a way to
keep their Christmas tree
from catching pneumonia.
Your wife, of course, can t
be overlooked. One way to
please her is to pick out a lux
urious bathrobe one size smal
ler than a circus tent, charge
it and bring it home. When
she finds it doesn't fit, she
will take it back to the store
after Christmas. But by then
you will be hollering so loud
about billi she won't have the
heart to exchange it for some
thing else. Meanwhile, you did
give it to her, didn't you?
Almost everbody has two
aunts he has to send a Christ
mas gift to. You csn cut this
item In half by buying a pair
of gloves and mailing one
glove in a box to each aunt.
Don't worry. They won't
blame you.
There is also the problem
Necilcc 120.00
Bracttet 120.00
Carringt 7J0
Prim pint an
DutgH Pttnli Pending
OPEN EVERY NIGHT
PCieWSJSSJSWIWISJSSMISJSWSJ
S Ai imii la Voqus
and Town t Country VTtf
I Jf J TnTTII THT
am mm m Mr nisiiiisi idi am
jewelled ballet
i Wry & 'mu'ate(' foguettes for
W & fashion's dramatic hours.
Msg . Set in platinum-toned Trifanium,
I AVeHsce 120.00 JiTlft
t
Tuesday, December 15, 195S )
BOYLI
of what to do about all your
nieces and nephews. A simple
solution is to send each a lt4
ter containing a dollar bllU
and a note: '
"I am sending you this flO
because I think you probablye
would like to pick out somei
thing for yourself, and any-
way I know you could use a
little money at Christmas." f
The kids wiU look at the
buck and murmer sadly:
"Poor old uncle, he is get
ting so near-sighted lately."
The question of Christmas
tips is easily solved. Just tell
all the folks who usually hold
their palms out at this time of .
year, "Gee, no Santa Claus for
me. I Just got my two weeks'!
notice at the office." They not j
only won't look for tips, some?
might even offer to lend you!
money. If they do, take it You '
can pay them back later, if it '
doesn't slip your mind, and it!
will make them feel good to
think they have lightened
your load. .
Christmas day presents the
final hurdle how to get you
and your wife a free meal.
Simple. You just go to a neigh
bor on Christmas morning, ad-,
mire his tree, and remark that j
the window, grabbed up your ;
i.nrisunas lurney, ana oounaea
out again.
"Why don't you and your
missus try potluck with us?"
your neighbor will ask sympa-
thetlcally. Don't grab at his
offer. See what he's got on the
menu first If it isn't satisfac
tory, go on to another neigh
bor with your hard luck tale.
There is no need for eating a
second-rate meal even on a
cut-rate Christmas.
If you follow these rules.
you'll find that you've had a
fine, mellow, merry Christmas
at the lowest possible expense.
After all," you can tell
yourself, "it Isn't how much
you spend that's really import
ant it's the spirit of the
thing."
CONSISTENCY THOU ART . .
Pendleton East Oregonian
An AP story from Boston
quotes Oregon's Sen. Wayne
Morse as advising the CIO not
to support Sen. Leverett Sal
tonstall for reelection. In July
of last year at Chicago Morse
tnlri in Yi nreferrerf fialtnnafall
as the Republicans' vlce-presi- !
dential candidate.
It's quite a trip Oregon's
Junior aenator has made front
the day he campaigned for the
reactionary senator from the
state of Washington, Harry
Cain, to his denunciation of
Sen. Saltonstall.
UNTIL CHRISTMAS
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