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Capital AJournal
An UieperxWit Newspoper Established 1888 "
BERNARD MAINWARING, Editor and Publisher
GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor Emeritus .;
Published every afternoon except Sunday at 444 Chev
meketa St., Salem. Phone: Business, Newsroom, Want
Ads. 2-2406; Society Editor, 2-2409 t. ' - ' .
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STORY OF SPIES IN
A summary by the Associated Press of the congres
sional investigation of alleged subversive atrocities state
that at least 76 former federal employes whose names
are listed have been the subject of testimony of alleged
communist activities during
Another, Judith Coplon, a former justice department
clerk, was convicted of espionage but the conviction was
set aside on a technicality
She now is free.
Only two of those whose easee were spotlighted by con
gressional Investigations have been .sentenced to prison
both on perjury charges. They are Alger Hiss, former
state department official, and
former commerce department
Most of the others either
with communist underground operations or refused to
answer questions on the ground the fifth amendment to
the constitution protected them from being forced to give
information that might tend
admitted former membership
had long since quit the party. - i
Two have died: Harry Dexter White and Harold Ware.
1 At the time of their alleged activity in the intreest of
the communist party, most of those named in the hear
ings were on government payrolls. The AP account
gives a summary of each case and a full story of spying
operations in Washington for the past 20 years.
The revelations, from official documents, show that
theifirst communist cells started in 1929 and cover the
big strikes of the 1930s, Yalta deals, Potsdam, the loss
of China and the atomic bomb
elations still continue even
not fit the crime, except in
case.
President Truman evidently
communists in government with his red herring comment
s he had for the scandals of corruption in his adminis
tration. G. P.
CHURCHILL ENTERS HIS EIGHTIETH YEAR
Rugged old Winston Churchill who was Britain's first
lord of the admiralty 40 years ago, celebrated his 79th
birthday the other day and
There were plenty of hints
a few months ago that this
an announcement ol Bis retirement, possibly retirement
itself. But it was not so. He
no one knows, though the results of recent English "bye"
elections suggestion that his
had to go to the country again now.
Churchill received an immense amount of birthday
acclaim, well deserved, for
the greatest men who worked in the first half of the
20th century. We doubt that one person, even President
Roosevelt, contributed so much to the victory of the free
world over Hitler and his totalitarian allies. .
' But in the mountain of congratulations one needed
note will be lacking. Churchill would make a contribu
tion to his country if he were to retire now and devote
the remaining days of his life to hit memoirs and to well
earned relaxation.
. Lttl 1 I if. - 1 1 . i i
inurcmu ih whv tikhl ins ne&K nr n i nnwprm nr Amine
ful present capacity for the monumental task of leading
great nation. Younger, more vigorous men should
earry these responsibilities now. But they and all who
know this hesitate to ask the great man to leave the cen
ter of the stage. . . . . ...
It is a little tragic that Churchill must eventually fade
out instead of going out in a blaze of glory. But for the
long look history will take back the manner of his going
may not greatly matter. His achievements will stand
out like mountain peaks for centuries. Assuming of
course, that the western world remains free and has
truthful histories.
NEW YORK NEWSPAPER STRIKE
Six of New York's seven daily newspapers- are closed
by a strike of 400 photo engravers for a $15 a week
wage increase which they refuse to arbitrate. They are
receiving $ 120 to $131 on present contracts.
Twenty thousand other employes refused to cross
picket lines. One paper is operating. It buys its cuts
from commercial engraving shops. The union members
will draw strike benefits, so with not too much hardship
they can keep the papers closed indefinitely, and seven
million New Yorkers deprived of newspaper service.
Suppose the engravers hang tight and eventually exact
the entire $15 a week. It is an axiom that what one
union secures all others must have. A $15 a week in
crease for 20,000 persons would amount to $300,000 a
week or about $17,000,000 a year Including vacations,
overtime, social security taxes and other benefits. How
much do the New York papers earn in annual profits?
Perhaps a third of what is involved in this strike and its
aftermath.
What happens in a case of this kind? The last strike
In New York, by the newspapers' Guild, resulted in the
elimination of the New York Sun, a famous near-century-old
paper. One or more will fall by the wayside if this
one result in anything like the additional expense burden
it is pointing toward.
It is easy to find the losers in this sort of a rat race,
the public, which pays more for its newspapers and has a
choice of fewer and fewer of them, the workers whose
jobs are destroyed. The $64 one is: Who is the gainer?
Unionvale
Unionvale -Ivan L. Crawley
Of Broadmead was a Thanks
giving afternoon guest of rel
atives In Unionvale district
Mn Orval MeCandlesa en
tertained 10 men) ben of tha
Turner family at her Unionvale
horn with a chicken Thanks-
rivin dinner. Her mother. Mrs
Harvey Turner, 80. her brother
n .Ltrr-ln.law. Mr. and Mrs.
Owen Turner, Darlene and
Beverly of Unionvale, Mr. and
Mrs. Daniel Dixon and two chil
dren of near Dayton were her
uesta.
Mrs. Martin Braat of Un
rw om ymt. nut. Br " k
om Ymt. sua er u
tmmt. ISM.
GOVERNMENT,. ,
the cast five years. i
and there has been no retrial.
William Walter Remington,
economist.
denied having been connected
to incriminate them, some
in the communist party but
in the 1940s. And the rev
though the punishment does
the Rosenberg atomic bomb
r
had as big a blind spot for
entered his 80th year.
following his long illness of
birthday would bring at least
continues on, for how long
government would fall if it
he is without a doubt one of
ionvale, her son and daughter-in-law,
Mr. and Mrs. Arnold
Braat and Lynel of Wheatland,
son-in-law and daughter, Mr.
and Mrs. Dale L. Fowler of
Grand Island, son-in-law and
daughter, Mr. and Mrs. Fred
Finnieum and Donna of Web-
foot were Thanksgiving dinner
guests of her nephew and niece
Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Braat and
family near Newberg.
RECORD SEAL SALE
New York Thirteen mil
lion person, more than ever
before, contributed to the ISM
Christmas seal sale of the Na
Uonal Tuberculosis Assn. Con
tribution totaled $23,238,148.
I if Tp
WASHINGTON MERRY
Both Sides in White Case
Limbering Up Their Guns
By DREW
Washington Both sides In
the Brownell spy expose are
now limbering up their big
gun for action against the
other. And each side has some
potent ammunition.
The Democrat have dug up
the fact that E'senhower, while
president of Columbia, permit
ted hi university to receive
$30,000 from the Communist
government of Czechoslovakia
to pay for teaching Czech cut
ture. He also Ok'd the receipt
of 810,000 year from the com.
munist embassy of Poland to
pay for a professor chosen by
the Polish embassy.
The Republican Jenner com.
mlttee, on the other hand, aid
ed by the justice department,
are busy digging Into the man
ner in which the U. S. treasury
and the U. S. army handed the
plates used for printing money
in Germany over to the Rus
sians with tha result that about
$900,000,000 worth of U. S. oc
cupation currency, printed by
the Russians, was redeemed by
the United States.
In other words, this cost U.S.
taxpayers $900,000,000. It is
the Jenner committee's plan to
pin this on the alleged apy ring
inside the treasury.
Inside Columbia
The story of President Eisen
hower's use of communist mon
ey at Columbia university was
rather hotly debated inside ed
ucational circles at the time and
caused one professor, Arthur
Prudden Coleman, to resign
from Columbia In protest.
It began with the acceptance
of $7,300 a year from Czecho
slovakia to endow the "Thomas
G. Masaryk chair of Czecho
slovak studies." At that time
Czechoslovakia was under Pres
ident Edouard Benes and not
considered communist. At that
time also, Eisenhower was not
at Columbia. However, the
grant was not only continued
but Increased by communist
dictator Klement Gottwald to
$22,300 a year at which time
Eisenhower gave his approval.
Since the entire budget for
the Slavic department was only
$60,000 a year, this meant that
one-third was being paid at the
time by communist Czechoslo
vakia.
On top of this, Polish Am
bassador Wlniewicz was ap
proached by Prof. Ernest J.
Simmons with the idea of put
ting up $10,000 a year for teach
ing Polish. Poland was then
completely under communist
domination. The Polish ambas
sador agreed, on condition that
he could pick the professor who
would teach Polish studies at
Columbia. This was also agreed
to, and the professor selected
was Manfred Kridl of Smith
college.
Eisenhower was not In on the
first arrangement for these
professorships, but later OK d
them despite threats of resign
tion by other faculty members.
This caused the national coun
ell for American education to
Investigate the matter and Issue
a report of censure which read:
"In our opinion President
Eisenhower of Columbia per
formed for Columbia and for
himself a disservice when he
accepted communist cash. Only
a very naive person could think
tha t Soviet-dominated coun
tries had any purpose in en
dowing these chairs except to
propagandize for their Ideologies."
THE CAPITAL JOURNAL, Sales. Oregon
ANOTHER YEAR, ANOTHER
- GO - ROUND
PEARSON
Inside Germany
The scandal involving the
use of American plate by Rus
sia to print occupation money
In Germany was first revealed
by this writer in 1947.
At first the army denied
many of the facta, but later an
investigation by Sen. Styles
Bridge of New Hampshire
fully confirmed them.
What happened was that at
the end of the war, the United
States, Englad, and Russia all
agreed to print a uniform type
of German occupation marks,
and the American army, after
printing it own paper money,
nanaea the plates over to the
Russians who then proceeded
to print countless numbers of
German marks with our plate.
The catch was that the Rus
sian marks could be redeemed
in American dollar when they
were traded to American GI.
To take advantage of this, the
Russian army deliberately gave
every Red soldier one year's
pay, paid not in ruble but In
German occupation marks
printed from th plates sup
plied by tne u. s. army.
On top of this, the Russian
high command ordered that this
money could not be spent in
Russia, but only in Germany.
Result, Russian troops spent
this money like water right in
Berlin, and most of it came
back to the American zone
where it was redeemed for U. S.
dollars. It cost the United
States almost a billion dollars
and didn't cost the Russians
anything.
Black Market In Wrist Watches
This was the secret of how
Red soldiers were willing to
trade $1,000 in occupation
money for wrist watches. The
American troops who bought
watches by the dozen In Switz
erland or the United State,
then traded them in Berlin,
took the Russian occupation
money and redeemed it with
the American army.
It cost the Russians noth
ing. American troops made a
tidy profit. Only the U. S.
treasury suffered.
The big mystery has been:
Who was responsible for the
decision to turn the American
currency plate over to the Rus
sians? This has never been set
tled. This writer reported at the
time that "Gen. John Hilldring.
head of the civil affair branch
of the war department, cabled
Berlin repeatedly urging strict
control over thi currency rack
et. However, the American high
command Ignored his advice.
The men In charge were Gen.
Bedell Smith (now undersecre
tary of state) and Gen. John C.
H. Lee, with Brig. Gen. Nich
olas H. Cobba in charge of cur
rency under them.
"Finally," this writer report
ed, "In late 1945, General Mar
shall himself, then chief of
staff, sent a personal cable to
General Eisenhower telling him
he would hold him responsible
unless currency controls were
established immediately. After
this th Russian printed marks
were cut off."
However, thi writer also re
ported on June 14, 1947: "De
cision to turn U. S. currency
plate over to the Russians was
made by top U. S. officials,
some say at Yalta" Senate
probers now whisper they can
trace the decision to a spy ring
in th treasury.
icterrisat, isui
CANDLE
,15, J
I
Salem30YearsAgo
By BEN MAXWELL
November 30, 1923
Emotion generated by an old
melody. "The Sweetest Story
Ever Told," hsd caused Dr.
Albert T. Mattke, a Seattle oc
ulist, to shoot himself dead at a
Thanksgiving day musicale.
Salem citizen associated
with local Red Cross work
were greatly incensed at the
flaying the chapter had re
ceived from Mis Nell Holiing
er, national field worker from
San Francisco. Miss Holsinger
hsd charged the 'local chapter
with poor management and im
plied that solicitors had
celved a 10 per cent cut
Bake-Rite Sanitary bakery
t 457 State street had a full,
two-pound loaf of white or
graham bread for 10c.
Polk county voters were
waiting for E. C. Kirkpatrick's
announcement that he would
be republican candidate for the
nomination as county Judge.
Peck Bad Boy," a "com
edy that will live forever," had
been billed for the Bligh thea
ter.
Roy F. Shields, prominent
local attorney, had severed his
relationship with the law firm
of Smith & Shields to become
an assistant to Arthur C Spen
cer, general counsel for the
O. W. R. & N.
The estate of the late Mar
ion County Judge W, M. Bush
ey had been valued at $22,
959.83. Passenger trains for Silver-
ton via Geer were leaving Sa
lem at 12:30 p.m. and again
at 3:10 p m.
HOW THEY DO IT
Pendleton East Oregonlan
When Art Samish, lobbyist
for the California liquor in
terests, was on trial for alleg
ed income tax evasion, he gave
us some insight into how the
big lobbies operate.
He explained that his em
ployers always prepared a list
of candidates tor legislative
seat and, in some cases,
backed as many as five candi
dates for a single office in or
der to be sure the winner
would be friendly. In politics
nothing talks louder than
money.
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S'O.fl
Briton Sees U.S.
Eugene Register-Guard
Bom Booth ago it was our
privilege to mast Jul Men
ken, a British writer of consid
ers bis note, who was snaking
a tour of the United States un
der th auspices of our State
Department for the purpose of
reporting and interpreting
American political and social
life to th people of nil coun
try. Mr. Menken bad visited
th United State several times
previously and in "The Nation
al and English Review" he now
offers the comments:
"Politically, a remarkable
growth in national strength
set mid to me to be one of the
outstanding characteristics of
th United States In 1953. Tne
strength results largely, from
greater social consolidation and
deepening political maturity.
.'The social consolidation I
apparent on every side in
what may properly be called a
new ruling or governing clan
highly professional in outlook;
in the lessening of minority dif
ferences and the advancing in
corporation of th children and
grandchildren of the great im
migrant group of earlier dec
ade Into contemporary Amer
ican life; in the vastly Improved
position of the Negroes.
"To assess growth in political
maturity is a delicate matter;
and certainly Americans com'
men ted to me not infrequently
on a political maturity which
they deplored. On the whole,
I thought that they Judged too
harshly.
"Man as a political animal is
not notable for freedom from
temporary and often hurtful
passions, nor ha any policy so
tar devised which skillfully di
rected selfish interest can bring
to bear.
"That there are still weak
nesses in American political life
is undeniable; the striking lack
of men who possess authority,
not only because of what they
say, but by virtue of what they
are, is not least among them.
'But such things must be
seen in perspective. The fun
damental and essential fact is
that the United States possesses
today a strength and maturity
which are unprecedented in its
history.
As fundamental is the fact
that, among the men without
whose active consent no major
policy can long be pursued,
American strength is paralleled
by a deep and outward-looking
sense of responsibility, and
that, among all classes, there is
a complete absence of any will
to 'war or conquest, a deep and
passionate desire for peace."
Most of Mr. Menken's report
deals with descriptions of the
United States the friendliness
of the American people. He
mentions "the rich and com
fortable Oregon countryside
around the pleasant town of
Eugene."
It is difficult to measure the
influence of such reporters.
They are not showy but they
are wild. We could wish that
we had more of them on both
side of the water.
Potato Men
Seek Supports
Prineville () The Oregon-California
potato growers
marketing committee will ask
congress to re-enact potato
price supports and acreage
quotas, an official said Sunday.
Roy Snabel, chairman of the
committee said: "I want it
distinctly understood that I am
against price support of any
kind or acreage quota, but in
view of the fact we have sup
port on cotton, wheat, corn,
tobacco, soy beans and peonuts,
I feel and I represent the
views of the growers that as
s matter of life or death to po
tato men we must seek some
kind of protection."
He said the organization also
would ask congress to ban im
port of Canadian potatoes.
GOOD WORD FOR THE RAIN
Independence Enterprise
It's a funny thing about this
Oregon rain. The more it
rains, the better we like it, es
pecially when we hear of snow
back east Folks used to tell
us that we would soon tire of
it, but It's beginning to look
like we're going to be real
mossbacks with web feet
POOR MAN'S PHILOSOPHER
Bears Smarter; Hibernate
Till Well Past Christmas
By HAL
Hometown, U.S.A.
"Bear are smarter than peo
ple." ssld Wilbur Feeble,
America's tired est tired bust-
His wits. Trellis Mae. went
on working her cross worn
nuzzle.
Wilbur cleared his throat
noisily.
"Bears." he repeated, "are
smarter than people."
Trellis Mss stifled a yawn,
wrote in a word in the puzzle,
placidly shook her head, then
erased it Wilbur opened ha
mouth and began to shout,
"Bears are . . . '
"... Smarter than people,'
finished Trellis Mse. "Don't
raise your voice. I hear you,
dear."
"But you didn't ask me why
bears are smarter than peo
ple," complained Wilbur.
"I don t have to.
"Why don't you have to?"
"Because I know what you
would say."
"All right," said Wilbur.
"What would I ssy?"
"You'd ssy bear are smart
er than people because bears
hibernate in December and
people don't."
"Why, that what I did in
tend to say," replied Wilbur,
surplrsed. "But do you know
why I think people ought to
hibernate in December?"
'Oh, yes indeed."
'I beg your pardon."
'I said, yes Indeed, I know
why you, think people ought
to hibernate in December."
Oh, you do, do you? All
right, tell me then, Mrs. Mind
Reader."
Well, you were going to
say you think people ought
to hibernate in December like
bears because December is no
OPEN FORUM
If the Old Courthouse
Clock Could Speak
To the Editor:
For nigh unto 70 years I
have struck all the hours of
the day with a mellow-toned
bell, for the citizens In this
City of Peace.
Now there seem to be no
rest, no peace for me. I was
not allowed to stay in the old
clock tower of the old court
house where the citizens could
view me close and view me
from far; yes, even from the
Putnam farm high up in the
Polk county hills where they
could hear me strike and see
my face by going up to a stone
wall In the orchard.
For a whole long year I was
to stay mum, quiet, and still
In the city hall tower. Now
they have revived me with an
electrical transfusion. I was
made alive again and began
my striking but alas! No rest!
No peace! I was making too
much' noise for a few people
who came to Salem to sleep.
Did they never before hear
city noise at night? Big cities
make big noises and have big
bells. Portland has them. I
heard a' lady .say she slept
there in a hotel and she heard
them. Did she complain? No.
She is letting the city have
its noise.
I am wondering about the
truck at night with their
blasting, thundering, cannon
going down our city streets.
Why don's the guest com
plain about them too? Per
haps, that's the kind of "Mu
sic of the Spheres" they like
to hear, rsther than the mel
low tone of my clock-bell to
which the inhabitant of old
Salem have listened with great
pleasure these many long
years.
Myl How time have
changed! Can't have this!
Don't do that! When the pio
neer had me they liked my
soothing wsy of telling them
the time of night when they
could not sleep.
I'd like to strike again In
my own natural way, for
the thousands who LIVE in
Salem and like me.
Yours for a Better Strike,
The Old Town Clock.
(Renska L. Swart) j
Monday, November la. Hi
B0YLI
longer a month, but ll-dsy
"You were going to
that you love Santa Claus at
much as any man, and maybe
even better than his mother
did, but, after all, Chrutans
Is getting to be a racket
"You were going to say that
a man can't get any peace ba.
tween Thanksgiving day sad
th first of January, and that
it is deadend tun la which
everybody tries to make n
in 31 dsy for th heel they're
been all year long."
"How did you Wilber
started to say, but Trellis Ms
continued:
"You were giong to say that
your face get tired this tim
of year smiling at the bo is
and waiting for him to tell
you how small the Christmas
bonus will be.
"You were going to sav th.,
uiu year we nugni as well skis
the office party, but If we fi
go, well, don't worry, as yoy
certainly don't intend to auk
as big a fool of yourself as yN
did last year . . . and the year
before . , . and the year before
that
You were going to aav tk
Christmas is no longer so murk
a test of character as it is a
feat of endurance, and for heav
en's sake, do we have to give
present to all my relative ev
ery year of your life, and tw
fore we even get into that argu
ment I will tell you the an
swer is yes.
"You were going to sav th,
you asked me last January to
be. sure and mail our Christ
mas cards by the 4th of July,
and you will bet right now I
still haven't done at thing about
it. well, i haven t so there.
"You were going to sav ah.
what difference does it make
what you were going to aav.
Wilbur, teU the truth. Do you
know anybody who enjoys
Christmas as much as you do?"
No, I guess not."
"Then why do you go on
year after year saying bears are ,
smarter man people!
'Didn't know I did." said
Wilbur. "Sorry."
He started reading the news
paper. A few 'moment later
Trellis Mae put down the puz
zle and stared reflectively it
her husband.
"Wilbur," she said.
"Uh hugh." '
"Wilbur, listen to me. Wire
is it you never talk to me? I
never know what's going on In
your mind."
Wilbur put down his news
paper. He looked at Trellis
Mae's sloping female skull with
the hopeless envy of a midget
gazing up at Mt. Everest.
"Women," he said, "are
smarter than bears or pes-
pIe"
Russia Was our Ally
Boise Statesman
One of the most fallacious
pieces of reasoning brought
forth by those who seek to min
imize the significance of Rus
sian espionage activity during
World War II and the Truman
administration is the argument
that spies who worked for Rus
sia before the cold war begsn
should be excused because
"Russia was our ally." These
apologists point out that from
the day Hitler sent his armies
across the demarcation line be
tween the German and the Rus
sian slices of Poland until
sometime in 194(1 when the
change of climate began to be
apparent in the relations be
tween Moscow and Washing
ton, Russia and the United
States were fighting on the
same side of a war.
The spies who stole secrets
for Russian agent during this
period were merely trying to
help an ally, the apologists ar
gue. What is the harm in that?
The line of reasoning is ridic
ulous. The difference between
stealing secrets for an enemy
and stealing Jhem for an ally
is that the first crime is tres
son and the second is only es
pionage. Both are disloyalty;
both are criminal acts. Both are
equally contemptible, for they
are betrayal of the nation.
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