THE CAPITAL JOURNAL, Salem, Orefoa
Monday, September 7. 1953
Capital AJournal
An Independent Newspaper Established 1 888
. BERNARD MAINWARING, Editor and Publisher
. GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor Emeritus
Published every afternoon except Sunday at 444 Che
meketa St., Salem. Phones: Business, Newsroom, Wont
Ads, 2-2406; Society Editor, 2-2409
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LABOR DAY
Americana are traditionally a dissatisfied people, al
ways looking forward to something better than what they
have, and planning actively to bring it about, though to
any other people in the world they already "nave it.
This is true no less of American working people,
whether they belong to labor union or not, and whether
their work is manual, clerical, administrative or other
wise. It is an attitude woven into our national tradition
through the generations. ,
And it's a good attitude, out of which stems progress.
Show ui a completely satisfied person and we'll show you
one to whom progress and even the hope of it has ceased,
who is probably on the down grade, since 'none of us stand
still. .
All this is by way of preface to our theme, Labor day,
' which most people except newspaper workers are observ
ing as a holiday, and we look forward to a half holiday
this afternoon.
The theme is that labor, which is all of us who work,
has coma a misrhtv lomr way since that first labor day
established by the struggling young labor unions in New
York state in 1882. At that time the lz-nour day or tz-
hour week was the established pattern and so far as
anyona then dared hope, likely to continue indefinitely.
Most work was hard, too, as mere was uuie macninery.
The bright chap who devised those magic words "time
and a half' possibly hadn't gotten out 01 Jenifers, isor
were there any paid vacations or other "fringe benefits."
...... - iL. J.'l A
All this and many more messings were over me aiswni
horizon beyond the reach ox the most larseeinjr eye.
Labor unions have done much since then to improve
the conditions under which Americans work, but Ameri
can ingenuity has done even more, for high wages must
flow from high productivity, and tms is wnat nas maae
the American standard of living posible. Labor sav
ing machinery, work techniques, "know how." And a
new world in which acres of automobiles around every
industrial plant, is taken for granted has evolved, for
the benefit of all, and particularly of workers.
So we may all exchange the warmest congratulations
today for what has been accomplished since the first
Labor day was observed in the United States. Much re
mains to be done, but we've come a long way..
LABOR DAY IN THE WORKER'S PARADISE
toORKCI'01EVANCCS ARC CMUFVUXUSTMP TO
RECOGNIZED LABOrt LEADERS ARE CIVCN SPECIAL ATTENTION""
" g(3&P MeK.uitttjradlcaU.lat " -: 1 -MMniMJ-
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND
Labor on Guard Against
Possible Economic Slump
y DREW PEARSON
GERMANY REBUKES THE KREMLIN
In the most important election of the year, people of
West Germany gave Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and his
pro-Western government parties a new four-year term of
office in Sunday's election by a landslide vote. Over
27 million voters also ejected all communists out of their
parliament's lower house, crushed an attempted Nazi
comeback and rejected the socialist plea lor neutrality
in tha cold war.
The election was an endorsement of Adenauer's American-backed
program for rearming West Germany in alli
ance with the West against Russian aggression and a re
buke to the communist plot to coerce the voters and dis
rupt the election. - '
Adenauer's Christian Democratic party won 244 of the
487 seats in the Bundestag, a majority of one, and with
the seats captured by his allies, the Free Democrats and
the German party gives him a margin of 97 votes. Trail
ing far behind were the opposition Socialists with 150
seats. .
The German vote was a humiliating catastrophe for
the Kremlin and a triumph for the United States, a per
sonal victory for Secretary of State Dulles, who gave
onen endorsement to Adenauer and wan ronndlv herated
for it by the appeasers, as well as Russia, which sent 7500
goons over the border to terrorize the voters and the
neutralist Socialists.
The Adenauer coalition failed to gain the two-thirds
majority that would enable Adenauer to amend the con
stitution and end the court dispute on whether rearma
ment is legal. However, it was believed that'the tiny
Center Party and the Refugee Association which won
four and 27 seats, respectively, would join forces with
Adenauer and give him the majority. A real election in
East Germany would probably have the same result.
Washington officials hail the election result as a diplo
matic defeat for Russia and a powerful gain for Western
unity. Dulles, who warned that an Adenauer defeat
would be disastrous was not surprised, but most of his
aides were. Many of them seem to still have the appease,
ment eomplex. G. P.
Socialist Retreat
New York Times
The waning power of the
aoclallat doctrine of common
ownership of the means ot
production, that hypnotized
Iuropean labor at one time
and found its climax not only
in the communist tyranny in
Ituafia but also in a rash ot
industrial nationalisation else
where, la again illustrated in
the latest report of the Gen
eral Council ot the British
Trades Union Congress.
This report still clings to
the old socialist ahlbboleths
and affirms nationalisation of
Industry and agriculture "in
principle," but it displays lit
tle enthusiasm for carrying
H out In practice. Indeed, It
admits that nationalisation
mifht reduce efficiency, at
least "temporarily"; that there
Is no great public demand for
more nationalisation; and
that m any case the notion
that nationalisation and
workers' control" would solve
' the wage and employment
nrohlem ! mere "wishful
thlnklns"
This report Is In striking
contrast to the "Challenge to
Britain" Issued by the British
Labor party, which holds that
the cure for socialism's short
comings Is more socialism.
But even this "Challenge,"
an tinder oressure of the
Bevsnlte tall that wagi the
Labor party dog, testifies to
the ' great change that has
come over socialist doctrine
as such. .
This most leftist pronounce.
ment of European socialism
today no longer recognises the
"clast struggle" that was the
basis ot all socialist dogma,
and it falls far short ot de
mandlng the common owner
ship ot all means of produc
tion. It sdvocstes "public
ownership" only in basic and
key Industries, though it
would still put the private
sector or the national econ-
omy under its own type of
planning and control that
failed.
The same general awaken
lng from the socialist dream
is evident everywhere in free
Europe. The nationalization
process Is regarded as finish
ed in France, Italy and Aus-
trie, and there may be even,
as in Britain, some return ot
nationalized Industries to pri-
vata hands. In Germany the
socialists still demand the
"general ownership" of the
basic eosl and steel industries,
but they freely admit that
British experience has disil
lusioned them with govern
ment ownership snd opera
tion, and thst they are groo
Ins for new forms of "public
ownership" which they have
not yet found.
Washington Labor Day
1953 represents something of
crossroad for organized la
bor. For this is the first Labor
Day in 20 years that labor has
been on the outside looking in.
For 20 years, labor enjoyed a
situation wherein its top lead
ers were not only consulted at
the white House but where
the basic policy of both Roose
velt and Truman was aimed at
wnat might be called a peo
ples administration.
But today labor sees the
man it vigorously opposed safe
ly ensconced in the White
House, naturally inclined to
favor the policies of the bus
inessmen who backed him
rather than the labor leaders
who bucked him.
So, despite the appointment
of Martin Durkin, head of the
AFL plumbers,' as secretary of
labor, organized labor frankly
recognizes that it is a long way
from having any voice in Wash
ington.
"Durkin says that he s been
consulted on all labor prob
lems," remarked one top labor
leader, "but what difference
does that make when the sec
retary of the treasury Increases
interest rates on the mortgages
which every workingman has
to payt
Or what difference does
Durkln's consultation on la
bor problems make when the
treasury proposes a sales tax
which increases the cost ot liv
ing for every workingman? Or
when the Elsenhower adminis-
tration proposes cutting out
cheap government electric pow-
er, thereby increasing the el
ectric bill which workingmen
have to pay?
No," concluded the top la
bor leader, "we are in the
same position today as with
Herbert Hoover. He hsd a labor
man, William Nuckels Doak, In
his cabinet. But Hoover's pol
icies were among the most re
actionary In history and led
to one ot the worst depressions
in history. That's what we have
to look out for today,
matters such. as taxes, public
power, gas and utility rates,
which also affect the lower
bracket public. ' j
On the general welfare front,
also, both the AFL and CIO
now operate their own network
radio programs for the first
time in history. For some time,
the AFL has sponsored Frank
Edwards, a fair-minded lib
eral commentator; while the
CIO is now beginning a net
work program with John Van
Furthermore, some 1 labor
leaden, stung by the one-sided
treatment given their views by
certain newspapers, especially
in one-newspaper cities, are
discussing the establishment of
daily newspaper with a nat
ional circulation, somewhat
along the lines ot the Christian
Science Monitor.
TWO LABOR REACTIONS
The above viewpoint has
caused two significant and im
portant moves in labor circles
1. The greatest stimulus in
labor history toward unity; to-
ward an amalgamation of trv
A. F. of L. and the C.I.O.
2. A much greater effort to
push policies that will help
lower bracket groups general-
ly, regardless of whether they
belong to labor unions. This
Includes social security health
benefits, lower taxes tor the
lower brackets, public power as
against private power.
Regarding Point No. 2. most
people don't realise that the
A. F. ot L. maintains a man in
Washington. Nelson Crulk
shank, whose Job it is to watch
CIO-AFL AT STOCKHOLM
On point No. 1-unity-
there has been no period since
John L. Lewis bolted the A. F.
of L. when the two great labor
groups, the AFL and the CIO,
have been nearer unity. Part of
this has come about because of
the policies of the Eisenhower
administration; part because
new and younger leaders are
now In command
At the recent international
labor meeting in Stockholm,
for instance, Walter Reuther of
the CIO worked closely with
George Meany of the AFL. To
gether they succeeded in over
ruling the British on two im
portant moves. One was the ad
mission of Israel to the execu
tive board of the ICFTU. The
other was the election of Omar
Becu of Belgium as president
of the ICFTU. Both were op
posca Dy me British. But in
both cases the quiet coopera
tion of Reuther and Meany
scored a victory,
Both men also sddressed the
Stockholm meeting on East
Germany, and sent a telegram
urging Eisenhower to take
strong stand in support of East
German workers. The presi
dent wired back that he con
sidered it significant that It
was the workers who were the
backbone of the revolt against
communism. Labor leaders, in
cidentally point to Ike's laud
atory statement in contrast to
the statement of his attorney
general, Herbert Brownell, that
there are more communists In
side labor uniona than any
other group.
LABOR NOTES
LaDor Day was first pro
posed by peter J. McGuire,
president of the Carpenters and
Joiners union, in New York In
1882. By 1894 congress de
clared it a legal holiday. Event
ually the first Monday in Sep
tember became red-letter day
in all of the 48 states. . . . Ap-
mendous gains made by labor
in the last generation. . . . Ac
cording to elder labor states
man Al Hays of the Machinists,
labor cannot rest on its past
achievements. . . . The Amer
ican factory worker today
earns more than six times as
much as in 1013. Though liv
ing costs have greatly . in
creased, the factory - worker's
wage still buys more than twice
as much as they did 40 years
ago. Also, twice as many Am
erican workers own their own
homes today compared with
1913. ... Just as responsible
labor leaders are no longer
smeared as "socialists," except
by extreme reactionaries, so
has the American workingman
formed a new concept of his
relations with management.
Became he and his family have
prospered under our system,
the workingman is a strong
believer in free enterprise, as
long as it doesn't become mon
opolistic. . . . The word "cap
italist" has pretty much dis
appeared from the American
workers' vocabulary, at least
ss a term of aversion. He
doesn't suffer from the feeling
that he is in a 'class distinct
from the -"boss," or that he is
Incapable of thinking like a
man of business which in
every sense he is.
icopyrttht. mi)
Salem 43 Years Ago
By BEN MAXWELL
September 7, 1910
Acting Governor Jay Bow-
erman had determined that
Isaac N. Harrell and John D.
Roselair must hang for their
crimes.
Marines to the number of
200 had been landed at Pan
ama to prevent election dis
turbances and Colonel Goe
thals, chief engineer in charge
ot Panama canal construction
voiced the opinion that in
view of the trouble American
annexation might be neces
sary.
School Superintendent A. 'J.
Ackerman had said that the
average monthly salary of a
Marion county school teacher
had increased fast year over
the previous year from $69.25
to $73.53 and salary of female
teachers from $51.13 to
$55.04.
Col. E. Hofer, publisher of
the Capital Journal, had an
nounced himself as anti-assembly
candidate (or governor.
Elite Massage and Beauty
Parlor, U.S. Bank, building,
had announced preparations to
take orders for - switches,
puffs and curls msdc in their
own establishment. Also
cream and bleach tor the tan
ned, wash for blackheads and
feature cure.
congress regarding health leg- proximately 17,500,000 work
lslation, not merely tor organ- era, including 3,000,000 women.
ized labor but tor the public
generally. It was Crulkshank,
among others, who helped in
crease congressional appropri
ations for cancer, heart, palsy,
etc., after Mrs. Hobby, secre
tary for health and welfare, cut
the money in halt.
Also the public doesn't real
ize that the A. F. ot L. main
tains an expert in Washington,
are members of AFL, CIO and
Independent unions the great
est number of organized work
ing people in history, peter
McGuire could hardly dream
of a finer "esprit de corps" in
organised labor. . . . Nor is it
likely thst pioneer labor lead
era oi the past like Sam Comp
ere and John Mitchell, whose
Ibwtof.'.ski
Ends Writ
y BATMOND MOLIY
Los Angeles to two prev
ious articles I nave attempted
to snake two points. Tint, the
efforts of the administration to
reduce expenditures have not
been effective. Second, the
forces working agsinst econ
omy csnnot be met except by
drastic action. In this article I
shall describe what such dras
tic action should be.
In the last days of the recent
seasion of congress, the power
ful bouse committee on govern
ment operations reponea out
with approval H. R. J a bill
which had been introduced and
pressed against administration
opposition by Frederic R. Cou-
dert, Jr., a republican from
New York. This bill was not
passed, but It will be a basic
fighting issue when congress
returns in January. The dis
couraging progress of economy
has brought me to believe that
among U 1he plans to balance
the federal budget and relieve
the taxpayer, this is the sound
est and the best.
The Coudert bill as amend
ed by the committee on govern
ment operations Is very simple.
It declares that the "expend
itures of the government dur
ing each fiscal year shall not
exceed its revenues for such
year except (1) in time of war
declared by the congress; or
(2) during a period of grave
nations 1 emergency declared
by the congress by a concur
rent resolution." It directs the
president to prepare the budget
in line with this policy. It au
thorizes the president at any
time during the year, in order
to keep the budget in balance,
to withhold the spending of
money already appropriated
by placing funds in reserve,
by apportionment ot funds, or
otherwise."
The latter is very great dis
cretionary power. It means that
in order to achieve the pur
poses of congress in this bill,
the president may withhold or
reduce any appropriation or
even the payment of money
due under contracts already
made.
This bill, to be sure, if passed
would be a self deny lng ordi
nance. It could be repealed by
congress at any time. A consti
tutional amendment would be
better and, in fact, Coudert has
also Introduced the exact lan
guage of this bill as a proposed
constitutional amendment. But
an enactment of this kind has
a certain standing in terms of
principle not enjoyed by or
dinary legislation. For it is,
like the fixing of the debt cell
ing by law, a solemn declara
tion of government policy en
acted at the instance of the
house, in which all bills for
raising revenue must originate.
Such a law would be a rule of
interpretation paramount to
all appropriations. The serious
ness with which congress re
gards the debt ceiling, which
it also passed as a self-denying
act, shows the moral authority
of such legislation. The British
limitations upon appropriating
power are only custom but are
scrupulously observed.
In arguing for this bill, Ros-
well Magill, former under sec
retary of the treasury and pres
ident of the tax foundation,
said: "A balanced budget is
not beyond the reach of the
federal government. It is not
generally realized that most of
the states bar deficit financing
or debt creation for current op
erations through a constitu
tional limitation. Most of our
cities also strictly limit debt.
Like all people when they
are invested with public office, j
the people in the Eisenhower
administration are Impatient of
restraints. John Foster Dulles
in 1952 felt that there was
peril in the treaty power, but
Secretary Dulles in 1953 says
all is well "don't fence-me in."
Secretary Humphrey opposes
what he calls the "Inflexible"
limits of the Coudert bill. But,
as I show above, the bill ac
tually gives the secretary, actj
Ing under presidential author
ity, more power than he now
has.
The director of the budget, in
a letter to the government op
erations committee, says that
he does not believe expendi
tures can be controlled by "ar
bitrarily" limiting them "in
any given period." This objec
tion can be avoided by the bill
as amended unless he means
POOR MAN'S PHILOSOPHER
Here's New Idea Offered as
Improvement on Labor Day
ly HAL lOTLi
New York W)4 Labor
Day Is a fine idea.
It gives the boss 24 hours in
which to escape the critical
eye or the working man. it
gives the conscientious em
ploye the same respite from his
stern duty of reminding the
management there aren't
enough towels in - the wash
room. .
The theory behind Labor
Day is great that Is, to honor
labor by abstaining from it
And it is a sound theory so
far as it goes, because any
kind of work looks better from
a distance than it does when
you get involved in it
The trouble with Labor Day
is that it Uvea up to its name
instead of the theory behind
it. Both boss and hired hand
work harder playing on Labor
Day than they do playing they
are working on an ordinary
day. They put out enough foot
pounds of energy on Labor
Day. to turn every wheel in
America for a week.
Why not save all this wasted
energy? Why not have a "No-Labor-and-No-Play"
day?
As it is now, millions of Am
ericans must work on Labor
Day in order that other mil
lions may play. That is the way
our civilization is geared,
But how about a law creat
ing a national public holiday
on which everybody and every
thing would be forbidden to do
work of any kind, or play in
any way? The law would ap
ply to men, animals and ma
chines. It would enforce com
plete and absolute rest from
dawn to dusk. --.
All, beaches, filling stations,
bar, restaurants, theaters and
highways would be closed. All
power plants would be shut
down. There would be no tele
vision or radio programs, no
ball games, no newspapers
printed. The zoos would lock
up, too, thereby denying the
caged inhabitants the pleasure
of laughing at human visitors.
Cops could stay home and
cool their bunions as no bur
glar would dare burgle on that
day.
The only human Institutions
allowed to remain open would
be a few hospitals, as no law
can keep a fellow from dying,
falling ill, or getting himself
born. Hens would be permitted
to go on laying and cows to
give milk, as there Isn't much
congress could do to stop them
cither.
But for everybody else re
pose, peace, no work or duties
or energy-wasting pursuit of
pleasure ot any kind.
What a silence would fall in
every city, ss fresh winds
cleansed them of all smoke and
factory fumes! How serene all
America would seeml Nobody
doing anything except Just ly
ing in Dea resting . . . dozing
. . . dreaming . . . resting ...
all day long.
Well, it's a fine goal, this
No-Labor-and-No-Play" day.
There's only one thing wrong
witn it. it wouldn't work.
It would drive Americans
crazy. They couldn't possibly
sit or lie still that long. They
either have to bo doing some
thing or going somewhere.
By 10 a.m. the housewives
would be saying to their hut.
bands, "Law or no law, thia
house is going to be cleaned.
And you get up, you loafer, and
help me."
By noon ,to keep from break
ing the law at home, the hus
bands would be 'out breaking
the law everywhere else, and
every saloon would have a back
door open. The highways
wold be Jammed by mid-afternoon,
and bootleg gas .would
be selling for a dollar a gallon.
Before nightfall every city
would sound and smell the
same as usual and 160,000,000
happy lawbreakers across the
nation would be telling esch
other:
"I guess we showed the gov
ernment it can't make an Am
erican take a holiday lying
down."
Sounds Capitalistic
(Salt Lake Tribune)
Russian Premier Malenkov's
recent speech to the Supreme
Soviet made headlines in this
country largely because of his
comments relative to Russian
knowledge of the hydrogen
bomb. But some of his com
ments relative to Internal Rus
sian affairs may have been
more ot a bombshell to the
Russian people themselves.
He promised tor one thing
sharp improvement in the
standard of living within the
next "two or three years"
admitting past severe short
ages, along with poor quality of
much consumer goods. He said
the goods did not correspond to
the "requirement and tastes"
of the consumer and that finish
and appearance left "much to
be desired."
The position of agriculture
came In for special attention.
Malenkov assailed past Soviet
policy relative to a collective
farmer's small private holding
on which he is allowed to grow
what he wishes for his own
use or for sale. He admitted
that private ownership ot such
a garden plot is a necessity
since the peasant's require
ments "cannot as yet be fully
met by the collective farm."
As to the collective farm, the
premier ssld there are still
many areas where "collective
farms have insufficient crop
and money incomes and pay
out little in money and produce
to the collective farmers for
their labors."
Malenkov'a proposed cure
for this "neglect' of agriculture
was simple. The agricultural
tax will be reduced and prices
paid by the state -to collective
farmers will be increased in
order to stimulate their "fi
nancial interest" in greater
production. v
What a shock that must have
been in Communist Russia! Re
duce taxes and increase prices
so ss to stimulate production.
Good heavens! That sounds
practically capitalistic!
BE APOLOGIZES ,
Sargent, Neb. WB State Ll
auor Commission Chairman
Tal Coonrad was sorry today
for complaining that he might
"end up driving a truck.",
He mentioned the truck
driving fate as a possibility
because of the stand I take on
certain things."
Truck drivers retaliated by
saying their jobs are "Just as
honorable and in some cases
more" remunerative than be
ing liquor commissioner."
Coonrad apologized.
Following his victory over
Joe Jeanette, Sam Langford had
announced his intention of
challenging Jack Johnson for
the heavyweight champion
ship.
Pacific Telephone & Tele
graph company bsd advertis
ed "Talk to peruana tnree
minutes for 25 cents."
Jamei W. Mott, aon of Dr.
and Mrs. Mott ot Salem, had
departed for New York City
where he resumed his work
at the American Academy ot
Dramatic Art.
attempt to lmm-nva tha ataim
ex-Consreasman Andrew Ble- of the workingman was da-
miller ot WUeonsin, whose lob rided as "socialistic," foresaw! street, had $1.25 wool under
It is to watch other legislative in then- wildest fancies the tre-weer for 0 cents.
Huie Wing Sang company.
Chinese and Japanese bazaar
at 323 North Commercial
that there should be no balance
in any specific period. It that
is what he means, he has been
taken over by the old New
Dealers in his bureau who, for
many years, have been advo
cating fiscal periods of five or
more rears for budget-balancing
purposes. That, Incidental
ly, was a theory held by Rex
Tugwell when he was in the
government several years ago.
Since there is nothing very
flexible in the limits placed
upon the taxpayer, it seems to
me that the tax-gatherer should
be limited, too.
mtlMM at Tha AuwlataS Smnml
New Many Wear
FALSE TEETH
With More Comfort
fMriSSIH. a vloattnt aStanaa 4nee
a: injR, aoMi fait tatta mm
firmly t tat ana talk la mora com
tart. ran aartakla a llttla rurrsITH
oa raar alttai. Ma tamai, rooty, ptt,
tail ar foolrnt. Ottekf "pltt odor"
MUBtura kmuu. CI fASTSrm at
aaa erat eiara.
.VS.
GEORGE
HUGGINS
vl' tliU-n-tkat
fiv
' RID
BOISB
When Charles Huggins (Insurance) opened on office
in Salem in1940, it was located on N. Commercial
Street just around the corner from Charles Hudkins
(Real Estate). A few years later Charles Hudkins (Real
Estate) moved to a location on N. High Street. Charles
Huggins (Insurance) moved Into a new building about
a block oway on N. Church Street. Just recently
Charles Hudkins (Real Estate) announced his retire
ment from the Real Estate firm which he founded
many years ago, end since then, (you guessed it!)
several people hove been good enough to coll Charles
Huggins (Insurance) to express their regrets on his re
tirement. "
Charles Huggins (Insurance) says he would like to re
tire but, (1) He can't offord it ond his ogency sends
Its best wishes the Chorles Hudkins (Real Estate) for
many enjoyable years of retirement; ond (2) this is
just o coincidence, but Chet Huggins (Coos Bay, In
surance) Is making o formal announcement of his re
tirement this month. (He happens to be Charles Hug
gins (Insurance) brother! Whadya mean, you're con
fused. We're not sure we're in tha right office!
Muggins
sf"a iwiri in a tits?
China
171 N.
INSURANCE
FHONB 3-9119 (ALBM
Iks Csenal Stack rmm rmi thta"
ft