Wednesday, August 28. 1953
THE CAPITAL JOURNAL, blest, Orcrra
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Plant Breeding Fascinating
Activity; Creates Interest
By MARK
Every amateur gardener
should at tome time try hit
hand at plant breeding. It af
fordi an outlet for the creative
instinct and increases the in
terest and Joys of gardening as
a hobby.
The basie principles of plant
breeding are quite simple.
Breeding Is usually concerned
with the adding of the predomi
nant characteristics of one
plant to another which does not
have such characteristics. Ob
viously we cannot cross mice
with, elephants, and neither
can w cross violas with zin
nias. The two plants to be used
' as parents must belong to the
aame plant family so that there
is no Inherent bar to the ferti
lization and production of
seeds. Suppose we have a rose,
as an example, of many good
qualities which we want to du
plicate in another color. The
' pollen of the first plant is tak
en and preserved until needed
by placing it in a gelatin cap
sule which is sealed in a test
tube containing calcium chlo
ride. When the second parent
plant comes into bloom the
flowers are protected from con-
'tamination by bees and other
Insects until its stigma becomes
itickey, when the pollen that
has been saved is placed upon
it It is then again protected
by tying a paper or glassine
sack over it so that there will
be no possible contamination.
When these blooms then ripen
seeds, they are sown and as
' they mature and flower we can
notice the effect of our cross.
Patience Needed
Sometimes the first genera
tion of seedlings Is practically
worthless, no noticeable im
provement being made. How
ever, by selecting the best of
these the ' breeder should at
temot to self-fertilize it. Then
the new seed may be planted
and grown on to bloom. A urge
number of self-crosses may be
needed to achieve desired re
sults, but patience may bring
about an entirely new or un
usual variety.
Nature occasionally makes
such crosses itself, and thus we
have such a wide range of wild
plant forms and colors. Plants
inherit characteristics from
their parents, even as do human
beings. The inheritance may be
color, form of flower, time of
bloom or period of bloom,
length and strength of the
Lawns, Sprinkler
SYSTEMS
Fences, Walks. Etc.
SERVICE CENTER
Phone 4-3573
A Weedless Lawn
It won't be long now until
mil be thinking of harvesting
the rest of the garden crops.
Gocm I'll get out today while
the lawn is still nice and green
and get rid of some more of
that Japanese Clover and
Chickweed.
I have the Dandelions under
control since I started ininr
Improved LAWN HORMOTOX
last spring. Yon really should
have seen them turn np their
toes!
Now if I can jmt be ambitious
enough to get out the sprayer
and the LAWN HOKMOTOX
and give that Japanese Clover,
Cblekweed and that other vine,
which my neighbor tell me la
Speedwell, a thoroufh cover
are a couple or so times this
tall, I'm going to be pretty
eloae to having a weedlets
lawn,
Jim, down at the seed store,
waa telling me that If 1 kept
up the good work of applying
LAWN HORMOTOX rerularly
thla season, next year I'd have
an easy Job to keep weeds
down. But really what I'm most
happy about Is that my neigh
bors have been keeping right
np with me so that won't
hava seeds blowing Into eaeb
other's yards.
I always get my supply of Mil
ler's Improved LAWN HOR
MOTOX at . . .
Valley Farm Store
3935 SUverton Roid
Phone 44624
BRYDON'S NURSERY
AND SEED STORE
Free Parking
415 South HitTrWMill
IT'S TIME
UWN SEED
Brydon's Ne. 2 Carefully blended 0C
for heme lawns lb.
DlUtV fCm The world's finest Pansy seed Imported
rAnjI iilU from Roggli s of Swltierland. In tA
separate rotors and mixed. . pkt 3
Journal
PACE
M. TAYLOR
stems, character of the foliage
and habit of growth. All or any
of thesf characteristics can be
imparted to a plant if they are
successfully mated. But it usu
ally takes a minimum of two
generations to accomplish this.
Professional plant breeders
have given us many beautiful
flowers and the amateur has
even contributed his share. At
least it is a very interesting
experiment but one should stu
dy the laws of plant genetics
before seriously embarking on
the program. There are a num
ber of excellent books on the
subject
E. C. Doan, a local garden
enthusiast, reports that he rais
ed a seedling from a Peace rose
that apparently self-fertilized.
The seedling bloomed this year
as a single rose with all of the
other characteristics of the rose
Peace. He reports he intends
to grow it on into another gen
eration to develop certain lat
ent characteristics. Thus one of
of our local gardeners has en
joyed the thrill of creating
something new. What the fu
ture developments may bring
Doan would not hazard a guess
other than to say that be was
hopeful of the results.
Coming Events
Aug. M-ls MtrioB county snd City
or Aaltm fill show, Ststs Fslrsrou&ds,
aalein.
Am. 16 -at Clock tm u County Flr.
Csnbr.
Aur. SeVUtrton county 4-B Uvtsiock
Auction, Auto FalnrouDda, Atleo..
Auc M-IO Folk county rslr, Ktek-rerUI-
Sept. I -11 Or m on ftttU Pi' Hlm
Sep. 11 Oreton Turkey Improvement
AjaocUtion tnnuil ner-Unf. WlUircombo
halt, CorvftUla. '
Sep. 11 Yoor Opportunity Jcrxcy
Bsle, 0ttte Filrt-roundi, fisietn.
Sep. 14-20 North llarloa County Fair,
Wootfburn.
Sep. It Santlam Harvtat Futlval.
Santiago Valley Grsags, Lyon.
Oct. 12MS Ortton Leadership In-
$S-.u nS!
tltut lor town and country churthta.
recon State colleie.
Oct. 20-24 Paclllc International Live
stock exposition. Union Stocttyarda,
Portland.
Oct. 21-W 4-H section. Pad r la Inter
national Livestock exposition.
LEGACS
NOTICE OP BONt SAL!
SealtMl bid will be reeerved by the
uiKleralined until tbt Hour of 1:10
o'clock p-m on September 14. IBM, and
Immediately thereafter opened by the
Common Council at th City of Salem,
Oregon. In trie Council Chamber of tbe
City HalU for the stlt of City of Salem
Improvement Bonde. In the amount of
Twenty-elf bt Thouaand. Twenty-atven
Dollar and Plltr-seven Cent iiaa.
027,47), Issued pursuant to the laws of
the fctata of Oregon ami Ordinance No.
4651 of the City of Salem, and described
aa loiiowa;
City of Salem Improvement Bonda,
Issue 19M-B, being bondi timid pur
unt to the Bancroft Bonding: Act. In
denominations of 11,000 M each, except
bond number one which shall be for the
aum of 7.$7. aald bonda to be dated
September 1. ISM, and to mature In
nnnual installments aa follows:
September 1, 1954 13.027 S7
September 1, IBM 13.000.00
September 1, 19SI S3. 000 00
September 1, 1651 13.000.00
September 1, IMS $1,000 .00
September 1, Wit 13.000.00
September 1. 1060 .13.000 00
September 1, 1961 13,000 00
September U 1M1 t2.0O0.O0
Aeolember L 1003 12.000.00
nrovkJed. however, that ae to such bond
maturing on and after three years from
' tha data of uiue. ins city ei saiea
.shall hava the option to redeem the
same, tn numerical order, upon the
I payment of the face value thereof with
accrued interest on any imercit payins
data at or after three yeara from the
datt aald bonds are lamed. Both prin
cipal and interest shall be payable at
tha office of tha city treasurer of the
city of Salem.
Bach bidder ihouW nam the rats or
raw of Interest at whiea the bidder
Is willing to accept tha bonda. The
bonds will boar the rats or rates of
Interest, not exceeding three and one
half per cent per annum, designated in
the bid accepted. Said bonda will be sold
for not less than par value and ac
crued interest. '
Bach bid, except bids submitted by
the State of Oregon, or any sinking
fund t the city of Salem, must be ac
companied by a certified check for two
per cent of tbe par value of the bonds,
made payable to tbe city as a guarantee
of good faith. Bids submitted by mail
should be addressed to the undersigned
at the city hall in Salem, Oregon.
The bonds will be delivered complete
without undue delay at the eipenee of
the city of Salem at either Salem. Ore
gon, or Portland. Oregon, as the success
ful bidder may denim ate.
Each bidder Is requested to Include tn
hra bid a statement of the total interest
cost and effective Interest rats of th
Issue bajed open the aggregate Interest
coat that tha city will pay upon the
issue provided his bid for the Issue Is
accepted and none of the bonda of the
issue are called for payment prior to
final maturity date.
Tne riiht la reserved by the Common
Council to accept any bid or to reject
U bids In the Interest of the city.
The prior legal approved opinion Of
Messrs. winfree, sicCuiloeh. Shuier fc
Ssrrs will be furnished the successful
bidder.
A LP RID MUNDT,
City Recorder
Salem, Oregon
Aug. It. II. 1IU.
4-5678
St. Soim.Oregon
70 SOW
- Khone
Brydon's No. 1 Onr best mlxturt, 4 1C
rootone treated lb. I
Garden Center
Held Need Here
Br MARK M. TATLOK
A few years ago an associa
tion of all of the various gar
den clubs in Salem and vicin
ity was formed for the first pur
pose of establishing a garden
center. Little progress has been
made towards that goal, un
fortunately, probably due to
tha lack of familiarity with
what constitutes such a garden
center, even by members of
the garden groups.
Gardening is truly a univer
sal hobby for everyone who
owns a horn Is a gardener at
heart Some others seek out
advanced Information on spe
cialized interests. A Garden
Center is a place where horti
cultural information and acti
vities are available to everyone
in the community. You don't
even have to be a garden "club
member to benefit by it There
is no social barrier connected
with the operation of such a
center. ,
library, lecture
Our community needs a Gar
den Center and as it grows from
a small start a full-time direc
tor may needs be appointed to
coordinate its activities. Some
of which include: 1. A library
of books and magazines on hor
ticultural subjects and a lend
ing library, if .necessary. -
2. Conduct lectures on horti-j
cultural subjects, landscaping,
etc.; 3. Maintain lists of quali
fied speakers on different sub
jects for use by various clubs
and also a list of accredited
judges for exhibitions of all
types; 4. Have a plant identi
fication service; S. Conduct hor
ticultural exhibits; 8. Conduct
demonstrations of gardening
practices such as planting,
pruning, etc.; 7. Give practical
recommendations on pest con
trol for the locality. .
Some large cities have done
outstanding work in this field.
the Garden Center at Cleve
land, Ohio, being a notable ex
ample with its ow.i beautiful
setting on a lakefront. Jack
sonville, Florida is another
outstanding example with its
own building valued at over
$35,000. Started in a room In a
downtown department store
and expanding to its own build
ing and grounds entirely free
of debt Is a challenge to other
communities to do likewise.
Ft. Pierce, Florida, a city
considerably smaller than Sa
lem and serving a smaller po
pulation area created a Garden
Center that is a model for oth
ers. Through-a subsidy of the
City for $1000 and an assess
ment for each garden club in
the "council," funds for which
were raised by taxing members,
by sales, entertainments and so
on, a sufficient fund was rais
ed to guarantee construction of
a building and the purchase of
a site. Now, Ft. Pierce has a
semi-rustic building 30x40 feet
interior with kitchen, rest
rooms and storerooms. The
grounds were landscaped by
garden clubbers who contri
buted their labor and materials.
Much of . the material and la
bor used in the building itself
Mux Hill fWtr . ......
Automatic lowr
Automatlc Thermostat
REGULAR PRICI ... .
AUTOMATIC QSy
w:"BLOWE j
Srfoy AUTOMATIC HEATING!
ONLY THE RICH CAN AFFORD POOR HEAT
D E. COOPER & SON
540 Hood Phone 3-3603
Questions
ST MARK
Q How should on car for
peonies this time of yearT
Should they be kept watered
or allowed to dry up and die
down? Mrs. A. J. Jr.
ANS Either way hss favor
with some growers. Personally,
I like to sea the foliage kept
green and attractive. As Fall
approaches it will turn a nice
Fall color, too. Then, hold th
water and cut the foliage be
low the soil line, burning all
refuse. By watering late you
continue root growth and de
velopment . of next season's
eyes in the root stocks.
Q. Planted peonies last Fall
exactly two inches below soil
surface. They grew with full
foliage but no blooms, why is
this and what to do? Mrs, X.
H.
ANS. IV may be that they
were piamea in an.uy -
spot or that the soU was not
DroDerly enriched. Apply a
half pound of superphosphate
well worked into the soil for
a square yard around the plant
Do not disturb the roots,
though. This may be caused by
root nematodes (knotty galls
on ine ruoui -wmi-u van uc
prevented by sterilizing the soil
with DD before planting. Fol
low instructions on the con
tainer.
Q. When is the best time to
move shrubs? Mrs. A. W.
ANS. September is a good
time to do this as the soil is
still warm and Fall rains will
help shrubs take hold.
Q. We hav a tree with ra
ther exotic, shape that I would
like to accent .in my 'garden.
How would you do this? Mrs.
L.T.
ANS. Night lighting brings
out the unusual branching or
foliage of trees. Try placing a
flood lamp below and to the
rear of the tree to be viewed.
was donated by civic minded
groups and Individuals. The
site of the Garden Center Is in
on of the city's packs, so the
Parks Department maintains
the grounds.
Centers Listed
There are more than 200 Gar
den Centers in cities through
out the country with the big
majority located in cities much
smaller than Salem. So, what
can be done elsewhere can be
done here. It should be done,
too, for the reason that more
arid more persons unfamiliar
with gardening, particularly in
in the Pacific Northwest, are
building homes here and need
sound encouragement and ad
vice. The Salem Garden Council's
original aim was a most com
mendable on and I hope it has
not been forgotten in favor of
other more spectacular actlvl
ties that offer themselves oc
casionally. They should not be
diverted from their goal, but
should strive all the harder to
accomplish it in view of the
ever increasing population in
this area and the number of
new "home gardeners" that
could and would find a Garden
Center service most valuable.
By doing so we build a better.
happier, more attractive Salem'dantly in Tillamook County. It
EE ft
rici.,., W COMPLETE
$ll.M
Answered
M. TAYLOR
thus you will find it pick up
the branch and trunk shape
as well as th lighter coloring
of new growth. In fact, the pale'
green leaves of new growth
picks up the light so that they
appear to b flower-like. Such
lighting makes your outdoor
living room more enjoyable
and more liveable.
Q. What is the right time to
divide iris and how is this best
done? Mr. M. A.
ANS. Divide after flower
ing. Take up clumps, cut them
apart so that each division has
a fan (set of leaves. Replant
by placing rhizome just below
the surface of th soil (do not
plant deeply).
Q. Glovinias are through
blooming. What car do I give
them now? Mrs. H. L.
ANS. Withhold water until
,letvea h,ve matured then lift
from wmovlng ioi,
the tuber. Store tuber in sand,
peat moss or vermlculite until
Spring when you can re-pot
and start the process all over
again.
4). What perennial flowers
,nd',hrub, yoom in October?
Mrs. W. K.
ANS, Phlox, dahlias, chry
santhemums, Michaelmas Dai
sies, scabiosa, anemones, Fall
crocus, calla lilies, barberry.
roses, fuchsias and begonias
are some of the flowers that
bloom in October.
Q. I have some porch and
window boxes that I would
like to plant for Spring bloom.
What would you recommend?
E. A.
ANS. Tulips, hyacinths and
daffodils would be good for
window bos planting for
Spring bloom. These will give
a good show oT color and afford
some cut flowers, too.
Q. When Is the proper time
to pick pears? I have always
understood that tree-ripened
fruit is larger, sweeter and
juicier. Recently I have heard
that pears are picxeo green
Mrs. D. F.
ANS. Ordinarily tree-rip
ened fruit is superior but with
pear this does not hold true.
Pick pears when they break
from the stem on being lifted.
They will still be too green to
eat immediately so wrap tnem
in paper, and store in a cool,
dark place. Check periodical
ly to note the state of ripeness.
Good Winter varieties will thus
give you fruit over a long pe
riod of time.
Q. I it possible to move a
Catalpa tree with an 18-inch
diameter trunk? B. s.
ANS. This is possible, yes.
However, this should be done
by professionals that have the
eauiDment and know just how
else you may lose a beautiful
tree. Why not plant a new one
on the site you have selected?
CatalDa is a fairly rapid grow-
er so you will be better off in
the long run at a considerable
financial saving.
Q. Are elderberries grown
commercially in Oregon? R.
G.
ANS. Not to my knowledge.
The Blueberry Elder is native
to Oregon and is found abun-
Lath Houses
Aid Gardener
By MARK M. TAYLOR
Lath house are becoming
more and more a popular gar
den structure even for the av
erage home garrener. Original
ly lath house were devised to
provide a means of breaking
up the sun rays so that a par
tial shade was provided for
such plants as tuberous bego
nias and various half-hardy
plant materials. Today it is re
alized that such lath shelters
not only tend to modify the
searing rays of a hot summer
sun but also modify the cool
ness of Fall and the cold of
Winter. Tests have shown tem
peratures in lath houses to b
2 to 4 degrees cooler in Summer
and S to 4 degrees warmer in
Winter.
Perhaps no place In th coun.
try has the lath house become
an accepted part of th home
garden as it has in California
where the primary utilitarian
purpose has been combined
with good architectural design,
even so that an outdoor living
room or patio is placed In a
part of the lath house. Lath
houses make a most acceptable
place for tbe starting of seeds
or cuttings. Within its shelter
you can grow tuberous bego
nias, cinerarias, fuchsias, ferns
and lilies to mention a few
possibilities. The arrangement
of the plants in the lathhouse
will contribute much to its at
tractiveness. Hanging baskets
of begonias, fuchsias and other
plant of trailing habit can be
suspended from the rafters, too.
Pot plant can be started in
the lathhouse before bringing
indoors for forcing.
We may not all be able to af
ford a home greenhouse, but an
intermediate in the form of a
lathhouse holds excellent pos
sibilities for practically any
home. An attached garden
equipment storage room is most
desirable where tools, fertiliz
ers, pots, stakes, labels, etc.
may be stored when not in use.
Lathhouaes are of year-round
utility as some plants may be
started there at most any time
Lot the year.
has yellowish white small
flowers in large flat clusters to 1
7 inches across. The berries are
blue-black and are considered
by many is choice for jellies,
preserves and, wine. I recall
having eaten pies made from
these elderberries that were ex
cellent The flowers appear in
late June with berries in late
Summer. This is a vigorous
shrub or tree and may reach a
height of 45 feet under ideal
conditions. I have seen these
grow In abundance along the
creeks In Eastern Oregon, as
well. -
f . O" a IE
L40 "i rip .
Phone 4-6263
Tomorrow Sure!
Garden
ly MARK
De Yeo aewf
That som perennial, like
oriental poppies, stall ce, ane
mones and bleeding heart will
grow new plants from short
section of root planted in
sand and well-matured.
Lilies must be planted !n
well-drained locations?
Tomatoes ripened in th
sun have a more delicious fla
vor? A walled garden, the styl
of old European gardens, can
be made attractive and enjoy
able today?
An ancient nam for garden
was "Paradise?"
Geraniums are often plant
ed in rose gardens to ward off
the Japanese Beetle?
That there are grasses
grown for their ornamental
value or for use In dried ar
rangements and winter bou
quets?
The lily virus ha been con
trolled with streptomycin?
Autumn daffodils are not
daffodils but are Sterbergia
Day
I
1
. THE NEW MIRACLE OF HOME HEATING
Writ or Phone 1S40 Fairgrounds Re!., Salem,
h. 4-6263
Notebook
M. TAYLOR
Lutea?
Lindane, cblordane er DDT
will control the Andromeda
Lac Bug?
When planting lawn graaa
mixture containing Kentucky
Blue Grass, you should lime
your soil before planting?
Small piece of charcoal
added to potting mixture
help prevent souring of the)
soil due to inadequate drain
age? CAPITAL.
Housew!vc$Dcli;M
111 N. High St
Winter's Coining . . Better
SEE RADIANT
GLASSHEAT
. 1540 Fairgrounds RoV
. Phone 4-6263
Heating Co.
223 Divison, Salem
Ph. 34822
If So It's Time You
Found Out About
"IT'$ RADIANT