PZ 4 .
THE CAPITAL JOURNAL, Salem, Ortroa
Monday, Aucuat 3, 19J3
Capital AJournal
An Independent Newspaper E$toblihed I 888
BERNARD MAINWARING, Editor ond Publisher
GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor Emeritus
Published every afternoon except Sunday ot 444 Che
meketa St., Salem. Phones: Business Newsroom, Want
Ads, 2-2406; Society Editor, 2-2409.
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ECONOMY NOW A NECESSITY
At a meeting between President Eisenhower and re
publican congressional leaders Monday morning, agree
ment was reached to defer action on raising the national
debt limit to await September tax collections, so as to per
mit congress to adjourn Monday as scheduled, although
if the treasury can't get by, it may necessitate a special
session.
The decision, which seems to be a wise one, was reached
at a White House breakfast of the President, Secretary
of Treasury George M. Humphrey, Budget Director Jo
seph M. Dodge, and Senate Republican leaders Eugene
D. Millikin of Colorado and William F. Knowland of
California,
Meanwhile government expenditures will be curtailed
as much as possible and every effort will be made to
avoid the special session and keep within the present
aeoi limit 01 f zib minon, perhaps permanently.
The House last week approved the administration re
quest to boost the national debt limit to $290 billion, but
ine senate linance committee, of which Millikin is chair.
man, by an 11 to 4 vote, decided to table the request for
this session.
Knowland stated the question of whether there will be
a special session hinges solely on the solvency of the fed
ersl government
Humphrey later said the administration "will make
every effort" to postpone the need for raising the present
debt limit "as long as we can, and until the next regular
session of Congress, if possible." He pledged to try to
cuk jfQvernmens spending every aay, every week and
every montn aunng tne year."
The Secretary of the Treasury added that th admin.
istration request for the higher debt limit "does not in
any sense mean the slightest retreat from our determina
tion which already has been clearly demonstrated to cut
uown on spending at every possible turn."
Whether congress adjourns Monday after passing the
three big money bills of the "must" legislation, senate
republican senators will remain at the capitol Tuesday
for a caucus to elect a successor to the late republican
leader, Senator Robert A. Taft, which will in all proba
bility be acting leader, Senator William F. Knowland of
California, although he has not declared himself a candi
date. G.P.
NOW THAT TAFT IS GONE
The disappearance of Senator Robert A. Taft from
the senate and from the Eisenhower administration leaves
a large leadership vacuum that cannot be left long un
filled without disastrous consequences. If it had to come
it is fortunate that it comes at the end of the current
BBBsion oi congress so tnere will be time for readjustments
before the next session.
President Eisenhower, still a newcomer to politics, but
ujr in, menus as new as ne was, has lost his strong right
arm, his chief representative in congress, upon whom he
jiu come to oepena iar more than on any other. This
creates the risk that congress will break up into warring
factions, possibly becoming as incapable of constructive
action as the national assembly of France.
This must not be allowed to happen and we are con
dent It wont be allowed to happen! How to avoid it?
.v. wiu,uii yviuuuiiB win 09 iinea at once, Knowland
or someone else as majority leader and committee chair
manships will be shifted, as bo'.h Taft and Tobey of New
Hampshire held them.
But the big question is not who holds the positions,
out who becomes the actual leader, and President Elsen
hower is the man who should. He was necessarily over
shadowed in legislation by Taft because of Taffs long
Jegfo ative experience and great prestige with his fellow
legislators. Eisenhower was glad to accept this situation,
I"th. ,!,, wlUmsr t0 perate fully and frequently
to yield his own views when the two differed.
t.WitliuTaft gone there must be shift in the leader
??i5er? 18 only one Place fop Jt Properly to shift to. to
1600 Pensylvania avenue, the White House. The president
must now take the leadership more firmly in his own
hands, formulate his program and battle for It as former
presidents have done.
Such weakness as the president has shown to date has
been along the line of willingness to let congress make the
decisions, but congress functions best when the majority
party is led by a strong man in the White House. With
Taft gone, Eisenhower must now become that strong man
or his administration will flounder and fail.
BROADMINDED ATTITUDE
Here at last really is "somethlnc new under ...
an incident whose rarity rivals the man biting the dog
A California newspaper, the San Francisco Chronicle,
devoted its lead editorial last Friday to an argument for
constructing the Navy's next super aircraft carrier, not
at Hunter s Point naval base on San Francisco bay, but at
Bremerton, Wash.
The Chronicle makes the valid point that this construc
tion ought to be spread around the country, that too much
of it has been concentrated on the east coast, leaving
west coast yards idle, their skilled men drifting away, so it
would be hard to reactivate these great plants in the event
of war.
Hunter's Point has two big drydocks, one of which will
be occupied for a long time to come by a 162,000,000 mod
ernizing Job on the 27,000 ton Bon Homme Richard car
rier. Why not put the new carrier in the other drydock? Be
cause, says the Chronicle, it would be hard to recruit the
necessary labor for this job around San Francisco, and
even more Important, the second drydock should not be
tied up for t mg period Realise ln the event of w Jt
win be urgently needed for repair jobs on Navy vessels.
The argument seems irrefnthle fcf w mn.... .
most is the broadminded attitude behind it, which the
u.is ia oouna to observe, is not the usual one in
California or anywhere else for that matter.
IT WILL TAKE MORE THAN TRUCE TO ANSWER HIM
1 Utt
A II 2
,. HcNufht SnvflettOn
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND
Robertson Brought Rhee to
U. S. Position by Listening
GLOVES PAY OFr
New York -Mrs. ITsnk
Ketchum had a good argument
today for friends who Insist It
If "silly" to wear gloves in
the summertime.
Mrs. Ketchim wtlked into
drug store yesterday when It
was being held up. The gun
men took $29 from her purse,
along with $100 from the pro
prietor.
The holdup men did not
know Mrs. Ketcham was wear
ing two diamond rings, valued
at $3,000, under her gloves.
Washington Here is the in
side story of how Assistant Sec
retary of State Walter Robert
son finally persuaded President
Syngman Rhee to accept a
truce in Korea. The story also
gives the key as to why Rob
ertson and Secretary of State
Dulles are flying back to Ko
reafor they regard the truce
a mere stopgap which could
cause the United States more
headaches than assets.
In fact Robertson, speaking
privately, has been less than
enthusiastic about the truce.
"The truce," he said, will
present much more difficult
problems than it will solve,
when you consider the over-all
position of the United States
in the struggle with Russia.
However, I do not make pol
icy. I carry it out. If you
know of a more frustrated man
than yours truly, I would like
to meet him."
Walter Robertson. Incident
ally, is one of the real friends
ot the Eisenhower administra
tion. Shrewd, patient, with a
persuasive personality, it is
eary to see how he finally won
Syngman Rhee into his corner.
Robertson wooed him large
ly by listening. Hi let the aged
president of Korea pour his
heart out.
"The old man is a great pa
triot," Robertson confided to
friends. "Stubborn, yet, but
not for himself, only for his
country. I was told that the
way to handle Rhee was to go
in and pound the table. But I
said: 'If table-pounding will
do it, why hasn't he been
brought into line before?
SORE AT ARMY
"When I first met President
Rhee it was in company with
General Mark Clark, at which
time Rhee exploded: 'You
charge me with being a viola
tor. Just what have I violat
ed? "
However, Instead of table-
pounding, Robertson sat and
listened.
I listened to Dr. Rhee for
days at a time. Finally I
brought him 'round to the idea
that the way to obtain the unity
ot Korea was to continue with
the United States, not commit
his country to national suicide."
Robertson reported to his su
periors that his negotiations
were almost upset by the
Army's radio in Tokyo which
kept broadcasting American
news accounts of his talks.
Rhee thought that since the
news accounts were broadcast
over the Armys radio network,
they must be official, didn't
realize that an army sergeant
merely picked up the news as
cabled to Tokyo by the press
associations.
Thus just at the time Dr.
Rhee seemed most ready to
compromise, the Army radio
In Tokyo reported him as un
yielding as a ramrod. Rhee's
reaction was that the United
States was playing tricks to
get him to yield further.
WHAT CHINA WANTS
The way Robertson finally
persuaded Rhee to cooperate
was by arguing that what
Communist China really wants
Is something much more im
portant than Korea. It wants
trade with Japan and the rest
ot the world; and especially it
wants access to the tin. rubber
and raw materials at Indo
Chln and the Malays.
By DREW PEARSON
Therefore, Robertson argued,
China will trade Korean unity
for these bigger objectives.
These objectives, however.
present serious problems for
the U.S.A., and this is the chief
reason Robertson is flying back
to Tokyo and Seoul with Sec
retary Dulles.
"The barren hills of North
Korea mean little to the Chi
nese," Robertson told friends,
"compared to their major ob
jectives. That's why the Chi
nese were so anxious to sign
a truce; also why our problems
are just beginning.
"The Western trade embargo
is affecting them much more
than we realize, and they want
to get rid of it. Also they
want a seat on the United Na
tions Security Council so badly
that It hurts. If they can get
some of these things, they
should gladly toss away the
barren hills of North Korea."
That is the real reason why
Robertson has mixed feelings
about a truce. Dr. Syngman
Rheebhe thinks, will get what
he wants the unity of Korea.
But China will then begin a
drive for what she really wants
the vast riches of southeast
Asia, the tin and rubber of the
Malays, the wealth ot Indo
china, the quinine, the spices,
the rubber ot Indonesia. This
was the main goal of the Jap
anese during the war, and it's
the main goal of Communist
China today.
"This is an area which hates
its past rulers, the British, the
French and the Dutch," diag
nosed Robertson. "But this
area admires the Chinese. Be
cause the Chinese have stood
up against the Western World."
This, Robertson explains, Is
why he is so worried about the
political peace conference
which follows the Korean
truce. .
Asked whether Red China
would win its cherished ambi
tion of admission to the Unit
ed Nations, Robertson replied:
"We will be one of 18 na
tions to sit at the peace table.
We will have no more votes
than anyone else. If I had to
make a bet, I'd bet that the
Chinese would get what they
want"
ICopttUM, mil
SItVERTON HEROINE
Sllverton Appeal-Tribune
The community has a real
heroine in the person of Carol
Calkins, young life guard at
the municipal pool. Her
quick eye caught the plight of
a young boy floundering in
the creek, as she was on her
was home.
Without thought for her
own person, for she was fully
dressed and off duty, she re
moved her shoes und leaped
Into the waters to rescue him.
Her action saved the lad from
almost certain death by drown
ing.
Carol is a typical young
Amerlcnn girl of our commu
nity and her heroic act speaks
well for her training and con
cern for others ln her new
job.
In 1820, when salt well, lo
cated where Pittsburgh now
stands, was deepened, natural
gas was tapped, but no use
could be found for the gas and
the well was capped to prevent
Its becoming a nuisance.
Salem 38 Years Ago
By BEN MAXWELL
August 3, 191$
Alisky building in Portland
had been gutted by fire and
tenants had suffered a $250,
OOP loss.
Right Rev. Dr. Mazzinlanda,
swami and lord abbot of the
Jain sect of Buddhists had de
clared that America was dis
covered 420 A.D., by five
Buddhist monks from Gobina,
China.
President Hamilton of the
Commercial club and L. H.
McMahan had appeared be
fore Salem city council to
boost for a municipal swim
ming pool.
Salem's first public market
had been established at the
intersection ot Trade and Lib
erty streets.
Plans were laid to dedicate
Portland's new highway to the
sea August 12, 1015.
Pacific Telephone and Tel
egraph company had Capital
Journal advertising saying
that visitors to their theater
in the Palace of Fine Arta at
the Panama-Pacific exposition
would be comfortably seated
to hear tine music and the
ocean breaking on the Atlan
tic coast
A woman bandit who at
tempted to rob an Everit
grocery was driven away by
a Barrage of pickles.
William Jennings Bryan
naa opposed Inserting a pro
hibition or suffragette clank
In the Democratic platform for
1816.
Anglo-American Romance ed
Christian Science Monitor
Under the general heading,
'Anglo-American Amity.' is a
special subdivision "Anglo-
American Romance.
A British peer. Lord Monta
gue of Beaulleu, recently told
tne House ot Lords that an
average of 200 of the 80.000
American airmen stationed ln
Great Britain are marrying
urnun gins every month.
Much has been said about
friction between GIs and the
civilian populace of Britain
But behind the occasional
brawls, behind the diisatisfac
tions and edgy incidents that
occur in a degree wherever
soldiers are quartered ln oth
er people's countries, there Is
a vast amount of solid friend.
ship and mutual appreciation
that mark the continuing
presence or the airmen In
England.
Now the surprising statls-
tics en cold war brides show
that many of the Americans
literally fall In love with the
English and vice versa. We
wish them well. A closeknlt
alliance can survive even the
occasional frictions that beset
it, and International co-opera
tion Is no leas noble when
translated into "domestic"
terms.
OUTSMARTS RATTLER
Point Mugu. Calif. Iff) A
scientist outsmarted a rattle
snake by freezing it.
Chemist John Taber of the
Navy's air missile test center
here saw the rattler as he
stepped out of his laboratory.
He stepped back, grabbed a
carbon dioxide fire extinguish
er and sprayed the snake,
freezing it where It lay coiled
Then Taber took the sense
less rattler into the lab and
killed it
Praise for Cordon
By U. 8. Senator
MARGARET CHASE SMITH
of Maine
Washington Some of the
most effective and capable
members of the United States
Senate are those whose names
sre not as well known as leu
effective senators who get
neacuines. These aulet and ef
fective senators get results be
cause they are more Interested
in results than in headlines.
Their quiet manners helps them
to get results. Part of the ex
planation ot their quiet na
ture is that they are so in
tent on doing their Job that
they do not have their interest
diverted by a desire for pub
licity.
One such member of the
Senate is Senator Guy Cordon
of Oregon. No one in the sen
ate is a better floor manager
of legislation than Senator
Cordon. The other day he
managed two important bills
on the Senate floor and got
them passed with a minimum
of opposition and delay. If ev
eryone performed as he did,
the Senate would complete its
work much sooner each year.
Those two bills were the
Continental Shelf Oil blU and
the Interior Appropriations
bill. There was opposition and
there were attempts to weaken
the bills with amendments, but
for the greater part Senator
Cordon successfully defeated
the opposition.
He Is chairman of the Senate
Approplrations Subcommittee
on the Interior Department As
such, he knows the Interior
Department and the Interior
programs from A to Z. Few
senators dare to tangle with
him in debate on these meas
ures because they realize that
ne not only knows his subject
better than they do but also
because they know that he will
speak his mind in no uncertain
fashion.
It was as a high ranking
member of the Senate Inter
ior Committee that he steered
the Continental Shelf Oil bill
through to passage. This was
legislation on which the sen
ate easily could have gone off
i tangent because of the
complicated uncertainties of
discovering and drilling for
oil in deep water as far out at
sea as 300 miles. It was kept
an orderly track because
Senator Cordon has the discip
lined, straightforward kind of
thinking that makes you keep
your eye on the ball.
There are no frills to Sen
ator Cordon. As he stood there
the debate, he was the per
sonification of a man who was
fair and fearlessly frank, but
who would not tolerate any
foolishness or devious ways.
He is a man of proved po
litical courage. He has shown
that he is so possessed of deep
convictions that he does not
hesitate to vote his conscience
even if it is ln conflict with
that desired by the leaders of
his party. Make no mistake
about it, he is a regular Re
publicana trait which has
firmly established his position
in the Republcan party. But
I think that one of the very
things that endears him to the
people of Oregon and causes
them to swell up ln pride is
his streak of political inde
pendence that asserts itself not
infrequently.
He succeeded a great Ore
gonian ln the Senate, the late
Charles L. McNary. He has
filled the shoes of this great
Republican well. The best way
ln which I can express my im
pression of him is that if there
was a bill that I wanted to get
the Senate to pass and I felt
that the going might get toug'.
on it, I would want Senator
Guy Cordon to be the floor
manager on that bill. If the
Senate is the great legislative
body that some people say it is,
then it is because of members
like Senator Cordon who does
a tremendous job with the
minimum on fanfare. 1
POOR MAN'S PHILOSOPHER
Prisoner Return to Bring
More of Sadness Than Joy
New York ) The greatest
period ot heartbreak in the
Koreon war starts this week.
For the slow process of re
turning American prisoners of
war must inevitably ertng saa
nets to more homes than it does
Joy.
This is because the last de
partment ot defense casualty
report listed more than 11,800
soldiers as captured or missing,
but the enemy admits having
only 3,313 American captives.
Gen. Mark Clark thinks the
Reds hsvent' told the full story
that they hold more of our
troops prisoner than they have
yet said. Whether they do or
not, the probability is that
most ot the soldiers officially
mieo as missing are dead.
That is the blunt fact of any
war in wmcn bout sides ex
change information on the
number of their prisoners. The
majority of those still listed
as "missing in action" will
never return.
The percentage of dead will
certainly be higher in such
savage war as that fought in
Korea. Many of the miss Ine
aiea upon the battlefields and
were buried by peasants in un
marked graves.
Hundreds and perhaps thou
sands of helpless American
prisoners were slaughtered by
uw enemy during retreats.
Hundreds and perhaps thou-
sands of others froze or starved
to death ln forced marches
north.
It will be years before the
final toll will be figured. And
since the enemy still holds a
vast portion ot Korea, the fate
of many soldiers will never be
known "missing in action'
forever.
But, Judging from the ex
perience of previous wars, the
present estimate of slightly
more man zs.ioo battle dead
will almost certainly be in
creased to more than 30.000.
This means the candle of
hope that has burned in thou
sands of American households
for the return of a missing son
or father will be extinguished
is the next few months.
ly HAL BOYLI
The tragedy Is that man.
hearts will go on blindly hop.
ing and hoping year after year
That is the greatest cruelty of
war for those behind never to
know in their lifetimes the fata
ot someone missing they held
dear.
But aa the tension
unbearably in some homes,
glad relief will flood others
with each freed batch ot pris.
oners.
How should these returnln
men be treated?
A handful may have actuaii
defected to the communist side
during their long imprison.
ment in order to gain better
treatment. More may be eon.
fused, doubtful, or feel resent.
fully that the nation demanded
too great aacruice 01 Ulem.
It is normal for combat m
to feel a bit angry about the
lush living of the homefront
when they first get back. And
is is quite likely some Pow.
will secretly resent the fart
that their friends at home nev.
er had it so good while they
themselves never had it ao h.n
That is only human.
But most of these men win
come back to a hero's welcome
in their old neighborhood or
home town, and the warmth a
that welcome probably will de
ermine how they feel. -
it is unfair and unwise, how.
ever, to prod a returned pris
oner with questions and platl.
tucVs about his attitudes unless
he feels like talking about his
experiences. Many men back
from a war cannot tell what is
locked within their hearts be
cause they feel that people who
have never shared their ordeal
cannot fully understand it
They have undergone a ter
rible winter of the spirit, and
they will thaw only in their
own time. You can't hurry
them.
The main thing is to let them
know how glad you are they
are back, how willing you are
to give them any help they
need, and then let them alone
if they want to be alone.
What most prisoners want is
to feel free.
Est TIJT
GEORGE
HUGGINS
FrJ J k of
. . . BA r t
tku.n-tu pq
Ay fiJ
' SID
Watch out for this one because today Is the day to play
nmn anil v- ...... 1.-1- ' r,mJ
Ot all the different types of insurance yon are Invited to
buy, do you know which is considered to be the most ta
portant by the men who write the Insurance books? Let's
assume that yon are employed and that your family con
sists of a husband, wife, and a couple of children.
Now, we would like to have YOU tell US what, In year
opinion, you consider to be the basic, fundamental type of
insurance that should be at the top ot yir list. Remem
ber now, you are to consider ALL types of insurance.
Sul'"!,.1 th,l B0 " "oe who respond will agree
with the theorists. 80 here is a challenge: Send ns a post
card or letter (signed or unsigned, just as you wish), or
call us on the phone and tell us what you consider to be
tne number one insurance essential. This, "Opinion Poll"
is not limited to residents of Salem only, and we hope to
hear from those adjacent to the Salem area as well; and,
because most personal insurance is purchased jointly by
husband and wife, we would also like to hear from house
wives. We'll tabulate the results and publish them two weeks
from today August 17th. On August 24th, we'll tell you
what -the experts who write the books have to say en the
subject (On August 25th we'll probably be looking for
another job!)
Don't delay. We hope to hear from YOU.
'Ufhl ikiCUD Aurr
371 N. Church
INSURANCE
PHONE 3-9119
SALEM
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SALEM to
mm
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