Pig 4
Capital AJournal
An Independent New$popiwEitQbllshd 1888
'? BERNARD MAINWARING, Editor ond Publisher
GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor Emeritui
Published every ofternoon except Sunday ot 444 Che
' meketa St., Solem. Phones: Business, Newsroom; Want
' ' Ads, 2-2406; Joclety Editor, 2-2409. ( . -
. rati lmm win MrttM f ahmUix mn ul n( vmHtt iml
Thi AuocltUd Prut to McltulHl? ntiuxl to Ibt um for BubUuMaaat
SUBSCRIPTION RATIS:
r ctritwi Monthlr. II.Mi su MUu. rr.Mi On r, lit N. r Uta k MwUe,
. Polk. Linn, Benton. CKckimot nd TnmhlU Counllu! Monthlr. tool Till IfenthZ
14.501 On. It.,, WOO. Br M.U EH.wh.rt In Orttoni Uonthlr. (1J0 i ffonlht.
onmr". Vi"io!I,0' " "U 0''u"', ""B UnM'- ! SMM
FREED POW TELL OF CAPTIVITY
A auramBry of interviews with the first 100 sick and
wounded prisoners of war including 80 Americans released
from captivity and turned over to the United Nations at
"Freedom Village," shows that the Reds treated them
jainy wen, especially alter the truce negotiations began,
but varied with the ups and downs of the negotiations. Be-
iore mai we treatment was "unbelievably poor," refer
ring particularly to food, housing, clothing and conditions
under forced travel and marches.
All complained of the persistent effort to indoctrinate
tnem into communism. The Chinese had a political in
doctrination course which required attendance up to the
beginning of 1952, when it was dropped. The Reds, how
ever, showed "no partiality" to prisoners who seemed
favorable toward propaganda. : i
. Officers' and enlisted prisoners were segregated in
communist camps ana tne Keas made a bigger effort to
indoctrinate the enlisted men. Generally the enlisted per
sonnel received better treatment than captured officers.
But the morale of the captured was still quite good.
In the attempt of the communists to teach politics,
classes for the POW were held nearly every day, but les
sened down with the resumption of negotiations. Three
or four months attendance had been required at the
classes. Only a minority of prisoners had been influenced
by Red propaganda.
Some of the sick and wounded POW complained that
they had received no medical treatment in over two years
imprisonment. The prison camp libraries were full of
communist literature, with "very few novels."
umer prisoners stated "tne Reds tried to give us lec
tures on bacteriological warfare, but we wouldn't listen
to it eo they quit with some of us, "because we would
go to sleep." There were some who listened and were
"moved into villages without guards."
All the released POW were joyous to be released and
aid "It certainly feels wonderful to be free again."
THE CAPITAL JOURNAL, Salem, Oregon
Monday, April 20, 1953
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND
Dulles at First Opposed
Ike's Foreign Policy Talk
DCDOki i nncrc uic unot
' ' Peron has been slipping for some time, according to
word that has been coming out of the Argentine, breaking
wfcu jung ume supporters, losing tne support or army oiii
cers, labor unions and the "shirtless ones," to whom his
wife, Evita, made her big political play.
The dictator seems to have sensed this and cracked
down' on his opposition with an iron hand, loosing mobs
that roamed the capital city Thursday night, burning and
looting with sray abandon. Their furv whs tumprl unnn
known -opponents of the regime, but it probably wasn't
confined to them. After all, loot is loot, regardless of
wnere it is secured.
But Peron has probably frightened many of his op
ponents into snence wnn nis furious reprisals. .His con
trol is tightened rather than loosened as a result of the
rise of opposition. For the time his power is supreme.
However, the country is going through an economic
crisis that doe not yield to Peron's remedies as easily
as frightened opposition leaders do. And if the people
continue to hunger in a land where food was once plenti
ful the head that wears the pewter crown will indeed lie
uneasy. :' i .
A dictatorship places every person in the realm in con
stant jeopardy, including the dictator himself.
WEEKS GETS HIS FINGERS BURNED
Commerce Secretary Sinclair Weeks has bowed to the
rising storm of protest over the ouster of Dr. Allen V.
Astln as director of the federal bureau of standards, and
has cancelled the order. v
. Whether Weeks thought he was acting in the national
interest or to do a political favor to the manufacturers of
a storage battery that was given a bad report by the bu
reau is not known to the public. Possibly Weeks acted
from pure motives, possibly not.
But the man he sought to remove enjoys an excellent
reputation, as does the bureau he heads. Even if a mis
take was made In one instance, which is not certain by
any means, this did not justify his removal, as Weeks
substantially admits now.
' Changes of top policy making officials were decreed
by the election results last November. But this Hrwa
not mean that every bureau chief who ever steps on some
body's toes should be butchered to make a party holiday.
If Weeks thought otherwise he knows better now, and it
is to do nopea mat otner caDinet members will take due
note.
Washington It's slgnlfl-
cant that the "big speech" de
livered by President Elsen
hower last week was prepared
and launched while Secretary
of State Dulles, the alleged
chief architect of American
foreign policy wu out of town.
It's also significant that there
was some difference of opinion
between the man who sup
posedly guides foreign affairs
and a White House adviser who
has become extremely close to
Ike C. D. Jackson, former
publisher of Tortune Maga
zine. At first, Dulles didn't entire
ly like the idea of the speech.
Jackson pushed it hard. And
us barely possible that the
speech might not have been de
livered had it not been for the
much-publicized Dulles press
boner which the president of
the United States officially de
nied.
This Included the back.
ground statements on Korean
peace terms ana on Formosa
which Dulles dropped at
gathering ot newsmen, and
which quickly reverberated
around the globe.
Prior to this, Dulles had in
timated to Jackson that he
should keep his nose out of
state department business. Af-
ter the Dulles flub, however,
Jackson bad the upper hand,
Dulles', skepticism regard
ing the speech was based on the
reasoning that senators would-
nt' like it, that it too closely
patterned the milk for every
Hottentot" Idea of Henry Wal
lace, and that the United States
needed to take a more cautious
approach.
Jackson, on the other hand,
argued that the United States
couldn't play second fiddle to
the Russians regarding world
peace, that we must either
grasp the present opportunity
to lead the world, or quit kid
ding ourselves about world
leadership.
IY DREW PEARSON
CHARLIE .'SHAKES' US
The real Charles Chaplin, not to be confused with the
wistful, funny looking little man he created out of him
self for the amusement of movie goers of long ago, isn't
coming Dacx to tnese snores.
The multimillionaire magnate of the leftist sympathies
made tms announcement irom a luxurious suite in Lon
don's ritzy Savoy hotel the other day, with the declara
tion that "powerful reactionary forces ... by the aid of
the yellow press have created an unhealthy atmosphere in
which liberal minded individuals can be singled out and
nersecuted."
The inference here Is that Chaplin's political views were
the sole cause of his troubles here, and of the refusal of
our government to readmit him. Yet these probably
figured less than Chaplin's moral record, which is about
the worst oi any prominent man we have. Neither kept
Chaplin from becoming immensely rich in the land he
never thought enough of to seek citizenship, though he
lived and prospered here for 40 years.
' We consider the V. well rid of him and our gain Eu
rope's loss, tnougn we sun love tne little man on the
ailver screen wno was- u uuini irom nis creator.
Growers Urged to
Cut Spud Planting
Redmond, WJ
have been urged to cut down
their 1983 potato
Ben Davidson, administrator
of the Oregon Potato Commis
sion, reported Friday.
Davidson, wno returned re
cently from Washington, .w
wnere he attended a meeting
of the National Potato Coun
cil, said there would be a pe
rnio lurpius 11 growers planted
as heavily as they uid they
would.
The council asked Secretary
ot Agriculture Benson to re
view present potato grades and
to consider the possibility of
a national grade labeling act,
Davidson said.
DANGEROUS
HAIR-PULLING
One of the most important
and secret weapons of the de
fense department may get sab
otaged as the result of the hair
pulling contest over the bureau
of standards.
Secretary of Commerce Sin
clair Weeks, who fired Dr. Al
len Astin, director of the bu
reau, is piqued at the defense
department because it has
been referring work to tho bu
reau which Weeks thinks
should be done by private en
terprise. .
But the defense department,
in turn, is worried over the
fact that some of its most del
icate experiments would be
crippled if some 200 bureau
scientists resign in protest over
unfair political accusations.
How strongly the defense de
partment feels about the mat
ter is illustrated by a secret
warning to Secretary ot De
fense Wilson by the research
and development board. This
is the organization which has
charge of new inventions for
the army and navy. Reporting
to Wilson of the proximity-
fuse studies of the bureau of
standards, the research and de
velopment board said:
This closely knit program
cannot be disturbed without
major disruption in the nation
al defense program. If dis
solved, years would be needed
for its re-establishment,"
It so happens that the prox
imity fuse, so essential to guid
ed missies, was developed In
the bureau of standards during
the war under Dr. Astin, the
man now being fired.
Furthermore, it's an ironical
fact that Dr. Astin's work once
naa a great deal to do with
saving General Eisenhower'!
military position in the latter
stages oi tne war.
When the Germans broV
through the allied line at Ar
dennes and pushed us back in
me tragic Battle of the Bulge,
Eiscnhower'i military nr..tic
hung in the balance. It was at
mis moment that tons of prox
imity fuses were flown to Eu
rope ana used against the H.
vanclng Germans, it was their
iirsi use in the European
ground war, and they had a lot
to do with turning back the
uerman advance.
Now, the man who developed
tne proximity fuse it being
fired, though he happens to be
a repuDucan, and was first ap
pointed under a republican ad'
ministration. Hitherto politics
nas piayea no Dart In th h.ii.
cate scientific experiments of
we Dureau of standards.
Note To date Dr. Astln has
had six attractive offers to go
into private industry, in each
case the proposed salary offer-
1 7hlm beln bout double the
13,800 he has been getting
"v.., uio guvernmem.
MYSTERY OF MALENKftv
The diplomatic grapevine Is
buzzing with the electrifvi.
oiuini neir, Pre
mier Malenkov, has already
been deposed. Speculation is
uiai m u conunue to serve as
figurehead premier until the
new bosses are entrench.
then he might follow the pre
cedent set by Lanln'a Jul
Premier Bykov, who was shot
as an enemy of the people in
on statins orders,
iaa oootieg report, smug
gled out from behind the grim,
gray walls of the Kremlin,
seems to get some substantia
tion from the following events:
1. The startling release of the
nine doctors who had been ac
cused of poisoning Andrei
Zhdanov. Pravda has attacked
the former state security min
ister, bemyon Ignatiev, for pol
itical blindness in pressing the
"false Charses." Yet Isnatiev
was "known to be a Malenkov
man, was just elevated by Mal
enkov to the five-man secre
tariat of the communist party's
central committee. Instead of
resting comfortably on Malen
kov's ccattalls. however. Ina
tiev Was suddenly put in the
dognouse.
2. Malenkov's announcement
that he was "voluntarily" giv
ing up the post of communist
party secretary. This post was
the source of Stalin's massive
power, the key to controlling
me iron-oiscipiined, hard-core
communist organization
Viewed in this light, Malen
kov's announcement was tanta
mount to abdication.
3 Malenkov's strange silence
on affairs of state. The most
popular move by the. new gov
ernment was the order freeing
2,000,000 prisoners. Yet it was
not signed by Malenkov. The
Soviet pronouncement, sup
porting the new Chinese peace
ma in Korea, also didn't come
from Malenkov, but from Mol
otov. These are added signs
that Malenkov's power has
been undercut.
4. The un-Stalinlike treat
ment that Malenkov is receiv
ing in the Soviet press. Where
as Stalin was glorified in ev
ery other news column, Malen
kov has practically disap
peared from the pages of Rus
sia's newspapers. His picture
hasn't been printed for several
weeks, except in a group pic
ture of the supreme Soviet pre
sidium. Quotations from his
speeches have disappeared
from the editorials, and his
name Is strangely missing from
tne lengthy articles by party
dignitaries. In fact, some ed
itions, such as the March 13
and 23 editions of Pravda.
haven't mentioned Malenkov's
name at all. This would have
been considered sacrilege in
Stalin's day.
If Malenkov is being eased
(Continued en Pas . Column 1)
WHERE TO DRAW THE LINE?
i - SETTLE FOR
mmt half ;)
. . , .
VJBlJra21KKm.KjsTJaie .--Ik UWFiT
I SU&rS&Sr -, XL.3Br .... Mim M I -
sjar. rjKHrs -p.". ."jaws i uagmmisiki
. . - n iHi
imm - i iihf.
POOR MAN'S PHILOSOPHER
Man Needs Two Heads to Direct Movie
wew xorK m To sing a
song, all you need is a voice.
To paint a picture, all you need
are brushes, colors and can
vas.
"But to produce and direct
a movie today a man really
ought to have two heads," says
George Stevens, a man in a
position to know.
"it is like trying to be a
traffic cop and write a poem
at the same time.
"You need an executive head
to handle all the vast para
phrenalia of movie-making.
You need another, more sens
itive head to get the delicate
human emotional values . you
are trying to put on film."
Salem 32 Years Ago
By BEN MAXWELL
fined $10 for the offense.
April to, 1921
Construction of new hos
pital, sponsored by the Salem
hospital association, will be
gin this summer according to
ii. W. Meyers who is campaign
ing for building funds. The
unit to be erected will accom
modate about 75 patients. -
Frank Durbin is busily con
verting his prune dryers back
Into hophouses. No so long
ago Frank made prune dryers
out of hophouses. Now he is
re-converting to care for 20
additional acres of hops plant
ed this year on his Central
Howell farm.
Ira Jorgenson is getting
ready to build his new ma
chine and blacksmith shop on
the corner of High and Ferry
streets.
An autoist who passed a
Salem street car yesterday be
fore the car had closed its
doors and started to move was
A Portland firm has been
awarded a contract for making
motor vehicle license plates
for 1922. These plates will cost
17 ttc each.
Charles W. Niemeyer, late
ly returned from an auto trip
to Neskowin, believes that
come dry weather the traveller
by can make the 90-mile trip
In about five and a half hours.
Gervais city council will
shortly consider a measure to
make it unlawful for cattle and
horses to run at large upon the
streets of Gervais.
Agriculture as a subject in
the curriculum of Oregon pub
lic schools will not be open
for examination this year says
J. A. Churchill, superintend
ent of schools. The reason, he
explains, is because few teach
ers have any preparation or
training in the subject.
By HAL BOYLE
Stevens, one of perhaps half
a dozen authentic geniuses in
his field in Hollywood, has a
mind that combines both abil
ities. Each of his pictures
bears the stamp of a man who
knows people and takes in
finite pains to portray them ac
curately.
His latest, "Shane," a story
of the old gun-fighting west as
seen through the eyes and
heart of a small boy, raises the
standard horse opera to the
level ot an art form.
"I try for reality," he said
"I like a story with enough
drama in it the actors don't
have to - steam themselves up
and start behaving like actors
instead of normal people."
George is a rugged, modest,
down-to-earth fellow himself,
who has managed to remain
completely human in the un
real world of Hollywood.
I have no truck with the
social life there," he said. "I
like baseball, and I like to hunt
and fish. But the work of
making movies is so varied it
self it can give you all the
pleasure and satisfaction you
need."
Stevens came from a prom
inent theater family himself.
He started out as an actor.
But, overcome by a desire to
eat regularly, he then became
a cameraman, a gag writer.
and a director of two-reel
comedies.
"I suppose I made about 30."
he recalled. "In those days,
however, we didn't count two
reelers we accumulated
them."
Since 1933 he has made 21
major films, including such
hits as "Alice Adams," "Qual
ity Street," "Vivacious Lady,"
"Gunga Din," "Woman of the
Year," "I Remember Mama,"
During the war Stevens di
rected 42 armed service cam
eramen in the filming of bat
tle action in Tunisia and Eu
rope, a monumental job. for
which he received no credit
line and wants none.
"After I came home, I want
ed to do a really good film
based on the Second World
War," he said, and added wry
ly:
"I thought that since I knew
at least something of the local
color of war, somebody would
ask me to direct a war picture.
I sat around waiting and that
was a mistake. Nobody asked
me. And now I am afraid it
is too late."
But George is still yearning
ior tne cnance. fie likes to
vary his pictures.
"What kills off most direc
tors," he observed, "is that they
start repeating themselves or
begin taking themselves more
seriously than they do their
worx.
"The biggest daneer in Hol
lywood is to go Hollywood.
You can't just make new pic
tures based on previous pic
tures that did well. You have
to keep in touch with real peo
ple and real events."
George likes to keeD thlnas
simple. It still amazes him
that it requires scores or hun
dreds of .technicians to film a
single scene.
You have a Grand Central
Station atmosphere around
you," he said, "and in all that
wilderness of people and ma
chinery perhaps the only thing
you are trying to record is a
small boy, crying goodbye.
With all that, organization vou
feel you ought to be filming
a oatueneia.
xou have to saueeze so
OPEN FORUM
Silverton Woman Hits
Indecent Literature
To the Editor: Congratula.
tlons to the Albany Ministerial
association which is asking
others to help "rid the city of
lewd and salacious books and
magazines." More and more
people are becoming per.
turbed, and rightly so, about
the indecent literature found
on newsstands.
Too often indecent liters.
ture is considered popular and
modern. And this immoral
literature Is being adopted out
of human respect because it it
considered to be "up-to-date"
and most people seem to be
reading H. "Bewarel That
is treason to reason." This
lewd literature : is degrading
the sacredness of marriage,
the sacredness of sex, ot life.
and everything that is sacred
and holy to every Christlsn
man, woman and child.
How can we hope to build
a strong nation with literatim
such as this in the hands ot
our youth? This indecent lit
erature actually shows them
how to be delinquent. It af
fects their minds and Is a bad
influence on our children's
character with its low moral
stories of "passionate em
braces and torrid love scenes'1
and where matrimony is ''flu.
solved as quickly as sosn
chips." ,
And the detective stories
will undermine our youth even
further with their "well bal
anced, smoothly blended com
blnatlon of lust, hate and mur
der." How many grim grem
lins are there, who boastfully
admit "I'm broadminded
enough, I can read anything
and it doesn't hurt me a bit. I
don't care for that old milk
and water stuff. I want some
thing 'readable and exciting.'
But, our youth does absorb this
literature with each exciting
story until involuntarily but
gradually they become what
they read and fill our prisons
with homosexuals, sex per
verts, thieves and killers.
J. Edgar Hoover, chief of
the F.B.I., says "filthy liter
ature is the great moron mak
er. It is casting criminals
faster than the prisons' can
absorb them." In a February
newspaper I read that it takes
half a million dollars year to
keep 180 prisoners at Alcatrss
prison. But, it seems our pris
ons are not always "curing"
the criminals. So how about
a little of this money spent
on prevention?
MRS. JOHN PFEIFER,
Silverton.
Look Out or Portland
Will Move the Capital
To the Editor: I am glad to
see someone is waking up
against Portland. Some of thest
days they will have an election
to move capital and look out.
This aged mental hospital is
going to be built in Portland
but we are within 20 miles and
land could be purchased for
halt the price here. It is quiet,
away from traffic and noise,
but no one will talk to you.
Money means nothing to the
legislature when Portland
wants a thing. I still think a big
saving could be made by get
ting out of Portland. '
W. W. WINKLE
Sherwood, Ore.
The 14-mile Adaminaby ir
rigation tunnel in Australia
will be the longest such tun
nel in the world.
"A Place in the Sun" and much grapefruit to get so lit
"Something to Live For." tie juice." .
TERMITES
5-YEAR GUARANTEE
PHONE 2-0781
6uirinled Peil Control Service
265 SO. 20TH
SHREWD LUMBERMEN CHOOSE S.P. & S.RY.
- rr HIH 11
r7- 1. 1 ii. .i. .ir frrt-:z' y -u tr
Txm IS'Thlrs SPOKANE
-rT VrWxi sh,p
A word to the wise: Choose SpokaneC
Portland and Seattle Railway for con
venient schedules to all major points
in U.S.A. Fast dependable freight serv
ice and careful handling make S.P.&S.
Ry. a shrewd choice. ,
Coll Oregon Electric y. Co. to handle your
routing ond shipping arrangements.
J. D.SURLES
ME60N ELECTRIC FREIGHT DEPOT
Oenerof Offices: American Bank Building, Portond, Orege
PORTLAND .nd SEATTLE
RAILWAY COMPANY
nd trovtJ Northwtft own railway0
1 J-f.'-,, v.