Capital AJournal
An Independent Newspaper Established 1883
' GEORGE PUTNAM, Editor and Publisher
ROBERT LETTS JONES, Assistant Publisher
Published every afternoon except Sunday at 444 Che
meketa St., Salem. Phones: Business, Newsroom, Want
Ads, 2-2406; Society Editor, 2-2409.
Full Leased Wire Service of the Associated Press and
The United Press. The Associated Press is exclusively
entitled to the use for publication of all news dispatches
credited to it or otherwise credited in this paper and also
news published therein.
4 Salem, Oregon, Thursday, Dec. 15, 1949
The Bill of Rights
December 13, 1791, 158 years ago. the ten amendments
to the United States Constitution, known as the Bill of
Eights were ratified and declared in force.
Th Constitution, as originally adopted, made slight
provision for the guaranty to the individual of a sphere
of liberty not to be encroached upon by the federal gov
ernment. To remedy this defect, the first congress after
its adoption, passed and submitted to the states for rati
fication a series of ten amendments.
The ratification by the states was speedy, because with
out the the promise of their passage, the states would
not have ratified the original Constitution. These amend
ments are still in force though nibbled at constantly by
both state legislatures and congress itself and have usually
been upheld by the supreme court's interpretations, safe
guarding personal liberty.
The Bill of Rights originated in England in its first
form by the Magna Charta forced by the barons from
King John at Kunnymede in 1215. Because of usurpations
of the Stuarts the "Declaration of Rights" was presented
by both houses of parliament to the Prince and Princess
of Orange in 1689.
After declaring the late King James II to have done
various acts contrary to the laws of the realm, and to
have adbdicated the government, the Bill of Rights pro
ceeds to enact in detail the declaration as to the rights
and liberties of the English people. It was laid down that
the crown had no power to suspend or dispense with the
ordinary laws, or form judicial courts or levy money
without parliamentary sanction. Freedom of election,
speech, petition, etc., were guaranteed along with other
provisions copied in our own Bill of Rights.
The act recognized William and Mary as the joint hold
ers of the crown, but with the administration of the
government during their lives in William alone and regu
lated the subsequent succession, to all of which William
and Mary agreed.
So the Bill of Rights prevailed among the American
Colonies, who considered themselves British citizens, and
its violations by King George listed in the Declaration of
Independence was the cause of the American revolution
and the formation of our goverment. But the British
Socialist regime pays little attention to the rights of the
people in its program of bureaucratic regimentation and
nationalization and violates many of its guarantees.
The American Bill of Rights reads as follows :
Article I Freedom of Religion, Etc. Congress shall make no
law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or
of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble,
and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Article II Right to Bear Arms. A well regulated militia,
being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the
people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.
Article III Soldiers Not to Be Quartered in Private Houses.
Mo soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house
without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in
a manner to be prescribed by law.
Article IV Unreasonable Search Forbidden. The right of
the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and
ffeota, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not
be violated; and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable
oauso, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly de
scribing the place to be searched, and the persons or things
to be seized.
Article V Rights of Accused In Criminal Proceedings. No
person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise
infamous crime unless on a presentment or indictment of a
grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces,
or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public
danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense
to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be com
pelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself; nor
be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of
law; nor shall private property be taken for public use with
out just compensation.
Article VI Right of Accused in Criminal Proceedings to
Trial by Jury and Compulsory Process. In all criminal prose
cutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and
public trial, by an impartial jury of the stale and district
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district
shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be
informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be
confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory
process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the
assistance of counsel for his defense.
Article VII Trial by Jury in Civil Case. In suits at common
law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dol
lars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact
tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of
the United States, than according to the rules of the common
law.
Article VIII Bail Punishment. Excessive bail shall not be
required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual
punishments inflicted.
Article IX Rights Retained. The enumeration in the con
stitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or
disparage others retained by the people.
Article X Powers Reserved. The powers not delegated to
the Unitd States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to
the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the
people.
Why Was the Hearing Held in Portland?
In Portland last Thursday there was a hearing on an
application by Safeway Stores to sell milk in Salem. The
hearing turned into a battle between Dairy Cooperative
association, Oregon's biggest milk firm, and the giant
grocery chain. Safeway claimed it already had the right
to enter the Salem market.
The case was heard before Thomas L. Ohlsen, state
milk administrator. So the decision is in his hands.
Leaving aside the legal aspects of the application, Salem
has cause to wonder why the case was heard in Portland.
After all, it is a matter which affects Salem and not
Portland.
The probable answer would be that the office of the
state milk administrator is in Portland.
But why should the administrator of a state agency
have his headquarters in Portland any more than should
tho governor or the adjutant general of the state guard?
It goes back to that question which repeatedly keeps
coming up. Is Salem the actual capital of Oregon or can
state officials, who want to, establish offices in Portland
or some other city of their choosing?
The constitution of the state of Oregon is specific on
where public institutions shall be established: In the seat
of government, which happens to be Salem and not Port
land. So why does the state milk administrator have head
quarters in Portland? The same question can be asked of
the state highway commission meetings and several other
state administrative units like these.
BY BECK
Parental Problems
I'VB EARNED TWISTY-SIX (Vli10? tX Akin Mill CAin i'tOfi
FOU MY CHRISTMAS PUNO SO EAR, Vl VOU'D DOUBLE THE
DAD. I OCT SIX DOLLARS TOR MUCINS 1 AMOUNT OF CHRISTMAS
WREATHS. .TWO COLLARS FOR SELLIN6-I MONEY HE EARNED.
HOLLY.. AND 1 SOLD MY OLD BIKE
m 1 1
. TOR FIFTEEN DOLLARS AND THE "I r I Sf -JVl S' I
I JUNKMAN SAVE ME EISHT C I Vy I 'MPJB
I DOLLARS FOR OUR OLO LAWN-) J0Wl,f0 tA V
) MOWER AND I SOT FIVE V Mf hi
MORE "T
WASHINGTON MERRY-GO-ROUND
Snyder, Eccles Are Asked
To Quit 'Public Squabbling7
By DREW PEARSON
Washington The Inflation row between Secretary of the Treas
ury Snyder and federal reserve dynamo Marriner Eccles attract
ed headlines a few days ago. But when the two men met behind
the closed doors of a senate committee, the final results of the
feud were hushed up.
BY CLARE BARNES, JR.
White Collar Zoo
It was Snyder
who, p e r h a ps
knowing he
wo u 1 d be no
match for the
shrewd and ex
perie need Ec
cles, insisted on
a close d-door I
meeting. How
ever, here is
what happened.
Present at the 1
senate s e s s ion
was Tom McCabe, popular, easy
going federal reserve chairman
iv
Drew Peanott
rican ambassador to Finland,
will be the next U.S. envoy to
Pakistan.
The navy has just developed
the world's most powerful air
plane engine. It will outfly even
the fastest Russian jet.
A long-suppressed feud be
tween Secretary of Defense
Johnson and Atomic Energy
Chairman David Lilicnthal is
about to break into the open.
The real estate lobby has a
new device for killing rent con
trols. It is fixing up a list of va
cant apartments in overcrowded
who agrees with Snyder on most Washington exclusively for con-
things, and who pleaded with
both Eccles and Snyder to cease
their "public squabbling" be
cause of repercussions on busi
ness and the stock market.
SIPS FOR SUPPER
Mild Stuff
By DON UPJOHN
A dispatch over the teletypes of one of the great press associa
tions coming into the building of our favorite paper tells of an
incident in Berkeley, Calif., where stomach pumps had to be
used on members of a family of five after they had eaten meat
fried in weed killer, to a 10-months old boy who swallowed a
can of nquia
glue, to a two- S
year -old who
drank paint f
fhinn.r and last.
but not least, a
three - year - old $
who guzzled a
half pint of
k e r osene. At
first blush, when
one considers
that all of this
happened in one
ing residents of the south side
upset with nightly forays on
clotheslines and bedroom win
dows. Though such pilfering has
also been reported in other
areas, he is confining most of
his operations to sections along
South Second street and South
Main. Many women, preferring
to keep their losses private, con
fided in neighbors rather than
day in one town, the whole thing police. The section has in the
might be considered newswor- past been plagued by "peep
thy. But, on the other hand,
when we look back over the .
years and remember some of the lr has been seen by residents,
stuff that was guzzled by the but always manages to make
local boys around here during his escape before police can ar-
the prohibition era, the whole rive
Berkeley yarn falls flat. What '
they took down there was about jjow we've had a report from
like an ice cream soda in com- one f the customers that his
parison. Why they used a stom- family is going even further
ach pump on one of the local wth a novel change for Christ
boys once to extract some of mas giving than even that of
that dry era mixture and dog- drawing names from the hat. He
goned if they didn't have to says there are four folks in his
send the stomach pump to the family and they've decided each
hospital. ne WU buj; h,is ow" gift and
hang it on the tree. This seems
nu., Th, to have some good points in its
Discriminating Thief favor-at least they'll all get
Lebanon A "silk pantie wnat they want and even ex
thief and window peeper is keep- changes will be unnecessary.
POOR MAN'S PHILOSOPHER
With Little Nina Going Away,
Hal Wonders About Santa
By HAL BOYLE
New York W) There isn't a darn thing Santa Claus can throw
by way this Christmas.
For all I care the old boy can get stuck in a chimney In Des
Moines. I'm not bothering to hang up my sock, because there
isn't a thing in Saint Nick's bag of tricks I can use.
The one thlnj
"When you're through phoning your boy friend. Miss Smith,
I want you to take some letters, if you don't mind."
MacKENZIE'S COLUMN
It's High Time That America
And England Got Acquainted
By DeWITT MacKENZIE
Foreign Aflltri Analyst)
These days of clashing political ideologies have a tendency to
breed doubts and suspicions even between old and tried interna-
on their lobbying payroll, and national friends.
personal dispute between Secre- prior to November 1948 he was We had a rather startling indication of this recently when Lord
iaiy oiiyuur aim myseii, mil u s expected 10 exit, aiier ine elec- strabolgi, laborite member of the British House of Lords, declar
not that at all," Eccles declared, tions. . . , joV,, .. . ,
"It's a question of deep funda
mental policy that affects the
Eccles shot back that stock
market reaction to his dispute
with Snyder was far outweiphed
by the future economic and fi
nancial welfare of the nation. It
would be better to have a show
down now, public or otherwise,
he said, rather than wait until
inflation hits us.
"The press has made this a
gressmen who want to rent
just to show there's no housing
shortage.
AIRLINE LOBBYIST
You've got to hand it to Pan
American Airways for being ver
satile when it comes to lobbying.
All during the 80th republican
congress they depended on GOP
Senator Brewster of Maine and
Sam Pryor. former GOP com
mitteeman from Connecticut, to
do their lobbying. In fact, only
one democrat, Carroll Cone, was
future welfare of every man,
woman and child in the United
States. The federal reserve sys
tem cannot adequately carry out
its obligation to control infla
tionary trends while the treas
ury continues to borrow at fix
ed, low interest charges."
The interest rate (now aver
aging about 2.2 percent on long
and short-term government se-
Immediately after the elec
tions, however, Carroll Cone,
democrat, went up in value to
Pan American, and he may now
become a vice president.
But in addition, Clark Clif
ford, soon to leave the White
House for the law-lobbying bust
ed in a debate .
on defense that
there were Am
erican hotheads
who were talk
ing quite glibly
of using atomic
power to divert
the gulf stream
ness, will become the brightest if England went
m m unistic.
England owes
her temperate
climate to the
star in Pan Am's lobbying army.
NOTE Pan American has
just put across a neat piece of
l u l- innnVinff With the eivil o.rnn,n.
higher, Eccles contended, to dis- board, by which it gets one u" , ?a"V . .
courage dumping of government fot ln the door on the route to
bonds by banks, insurance com- Rome. This route belongs to
panies and other big purchasers. TWA. But Pan Am used the ex
Also, it should be more flexible, cuse of carrying Holy Year pil
he argued, so the federal reserve Srims. and CAB gave it a spe
board could use it as a lever to clal route to Rome. It will be
it leaves us with the uncomfor
table thought that this is an ex
traordinary viewpoint to be
held by any citizen of an ally
who has been through two world
wars with us. England doesn't
show sighs of going communis
tic, and, even If she did, we
shouldn't try to do her in with
atomic bombs.
Speaking rather louder than
words are our deeds in trying
presumably to help Britain overcome her
DeWIH Maekentl
might become an Arctic country crisis and get on her feet.
But what Is the basis for such
outlandish ideas as the Gulf-
It strikes me that the answer
I'd like even
Santa Claus
can't give. 1
want him to
make time
stand still and
keep a girl I
know from
growing older."?
away.
The girl Is
U fl LA
All RyU
happy, happy year too good to
go on, I guess.
The other weekend her fath
er and mother, George and Hel
en Camp Palmer, a young news
paper couple, got an assignment
to go to Italy. They will be gone
for three years. Nina doesn't
know Rome from Rochester, but
she has been told she is going
to take a trip on a big boat.
And she is so excited that she
is beginning to lose interest in
Jack and Jill. Whenever she
if the stream were turned away.
Well of course, the scientists
promptly tossed this idea out stream nightmare?
xne winaow as nonsense, it
wouiu tatte mure man aiumic it,
interestine to see whether ih power to shift the Gulf stream, ,, .. ,,, , u
route is surrendered after Holy e7en u anybody wanted to shift other aj we as th should,
. , ,. , . . though from first-hand observa-
So much for that scare, but ,, f h(h ,, ,
iu ...ai.j
years I believe America knows
England better than England
knows us. And I could be wrong
about that.
The British school system pri
or to the second world war did
n't teach much about the United
States. American history ceased
with the revolution. Since the
outbreak of the war some
schools have given more atten
tion to the United States.
Unfortunately this study has
been greatly hampered by the
shortage of news print which
has resulted in skeleton news
papers. There hasn't been room
for much more than mention of
the major events.
True, England has been get
ting educated through America's
movies. A. large section of the
British public has the idea that
two-gun cowboys still shoot
from the hip in the wild and
wooly west. And the ways of
gangsterism are amazing.
Naturally the reason for this
lack of acquaintance is the
great distance separating our
the low interest the eovernment ,jjj . c (a Th-v "I'm f it,: lw0 countries, and the cost of
TIT.. .1 i .........
prevent either an overexpansion
or a tightening of bank credit.
Interest rates on government
securities naturally i n f 1 u e nee
the rate on commercial loans,
Eccles pointed out, and there
fore the quantity of such credit
which the reserve system is
expected to control.
"Well, the treasury has obli
gations, also," argued Snyder.
"Let the interest rate go up on
government bonds and there
will be a howl from farmers and
other groups, who will then
have to pay higher financing
charges on private loans and
mortgages."
Turning to Senator Douglas
of Illinois, chairman of the
meeting, Snyder remarked that
rongress was chiefly responsible
for inflation trends.
"Inflation originates in the
congress," he commented tartly.
"If congress votes to appropri
ate great sums of money and
then doesn't increase taxes to
balance this spending, you are
making inflation. You can't
build up big deficits without
taking risks."
The treasury chief added that
Year is over.
(Copyright 1949)
Little Thing Like Bulldozer Missing
Salem, N. H Dec. 15 (IP) The mystery of the missing
bulldozer is solved.
It wasn't missing at all it was hiding.
Contractor Paul Garabetlian left the $14,000 machine at a
building site Monday night.
Warm, rainy weather caused the frozen ground to thaw.
The next day the bulldozer was gone.
A long search ended last night when someone spied the
machine's tall exhaust pipe sticking out of an eight-foot
puddle.
A twelve-man crew using three pumps and a tractor pulled
the bulldozer out.
Does Child's Hopeless Prayer
Put Lump in Santa s Throat?
By ARTHUR EVERETT
New York, Dec; 15 Pi Ever wonder if Santa Claus gets a
lump in his throat at some little child's hopeless prayer? So
does Postmaster Albert Goldman.
The lumps come fast for him these days. He's eavesdropping
on Santa.
Goldman has nearly 5,000 let- self:
was paying on its bond
It's comparatively easy
lectins i ji.-: u ........ ui- m..m1 tit.. .1 i i .1.1.. vla
- iiriu men wav eratn vcm w 111a iiiiacu. jviv inumer ann nannv n . .. ....
represented that much of a sav- nnnfti in kw uavt :nmo(hinrt . ,;iu 4u:- Ior ine anion 10 Set to the con-
ino in tho iovn,nr hainDri , . ... . " wl " tment, or lor the American to
East river she says:
There's Nina's boat. Tell mi
half past two
her name is Nina, and every
derful. Even her nose run. ln a , tuf toot on ,h
nice way.
MMr rnnspienrA hernllse she
isn't mine, except to borrow on Recently, while her parents
an hour s lend-lease arrange- were shopping, I took her on a
ment with her parents two or farewell visit to the Central
three times a week. That is my Park zoo. She said goodbye to
Drivileee as godfather. ,he monkeys, wanted to climb
ing to the taxpayer and helped York City.
to oaiance xne Duogei. nowever,
Eccles shot back that it did no
thing of the kind, but was a rob-
Datni..4A.l...Dn.,l nnlin.. 4 1. n ,
tually cct the taxpayers 'more ,W te " to Santa'
in the long run.
Low interest rates on govern
ment bonds often lead to dump
ing by big investors, who prefer
to reinvest their money in less
secure, but more profitable com
legs, iviy motner cries every . u r. j. .. T
t-.ij u , t. . i, nieht becai.se mv rfarfrf,, I. f J"' V" America,
a p;ryer"when there's 'nobody working. We have nc-Tteam in IZrpZLm' "
.! "t?:!.!U Z" ee6, aX, "A p,i "I"" So we need persona, contact.
vm, ot.mm..l,!-a"d tnat win come in due course.
just kids, either,
There's a laugh in some of
them for Goldman.
Svpn-vear-nld Harrv frnm
the Bronx wants a shrunken years'
mummy's head for unristmas.
warm' "u,,,elmn lo KeeP us Meantime, we have to fall back
' on present communications and
Roberta, nine, is planning her improve them,
first Christmas at home in two .
So she wrote:
I was sick in
I was chatting with an EnB-
the hospital lishman the other day on the
mercia'l loans, he explained. Thinks it might help him when wi,n Plio- W'U you send me subject and asked him what he
When first I saw her, she was
in and pet the tigers, jeered at
just a moist, bald-headed ball of , . .v , . . ,
Protoplasm that smelled of milk 0. in' 'he wa'?r' But most f
and made small noises like a a11 she, 'oved the P'f0"'
puppy. She stubbornly refused " "mf ha"dd PMked
to make babv talk and disdained peanuts from her hand'
men we bought a Danoon ana
the English language altogether
until she was ready to use com
plete sentences.
One day the phone rang and
as her parents leaped to answer
it she looked up from her play
pen and said gravely:
"I'll get it. I'll get it."
Since the federal reserve system he becomes a magician. He
is required by law to buy up the promises "I won't bring it to
bonds dumped on the open mar- school."
ket. this further increases na- And Nancy over in Brooklyn
tional bank reserves against ioves horses. She asked for a
which more inflationary money female gelding "All black."
is then issued. But oniy male horses are gelded.
The amount of money the
treasury is saving now by its
fixed, low interest rates, is only
a pittance compared with the
future cost of inflation if Sny-
hailed a cab home. On the way
she turned to me with a lum
inous smile and said:
"Hal, I sleepy."
And she stretched out com
fortably on the seat, put her
feet in my lap, and dozed off.
All It.. iU. T 1.nt
It was In this way we learned ,. .."t j t a ..
for sure that Nina was . genius. , . ; this 'way for . long
Until then we were just going on ,ime,.i
blind faith. Now she is a flaxen- ' ...
der continues his present policy, whisky."
Charlie wrote out his own my is ill
Christmas list, then added:
"Grampy wants a bottle of
doll and carriage and please thought would help solve the
don't forget my friends I left problem.
behind in the hospital ..." He said that a return to norm-
From Kent, England, came al size newspapers in England
Janice's nine - year - old scrawl: w.Vld neIP immensely by pro-
"Plees dont foget me this yer vidin8 space for adequate news
I dont spec you got my (letter) coverage. The motion pictures
last yer as I didnt get my pres- and tne radio are vital mediums.
ents like I asced you my mum- More interpretive news writing
Eccles warned.
haired, sturdy-legged child with
a mind and vocabulary of her
own. bhe is a Kind cnuti, ana
There was so much I had to
tell her all about Cinderella
MERRY-GO-ROUND
George Craig, first World chocolati
war ii vei io command ine Am
erican Legion, had four years
active combat service, and is
really fighting in peace for the
democratic ideals we had in war.
Courageous Congressman An
dy Biemillcr of Wisconsin de-
Laughs? Sure, but tears, too.
The kids from Germany,
France and England who write
There's
adults too.
Alphonse:
and more factual novels are
needed.
To illustrate his argument my
Santa Claus to f"end told me about a waiter
Wrote 76-year-old he knows in a London restau
rant, mis waiter was reading up
If vnn u nin. n-j : n America, and one of his fav-
to Santa at New York, ask for I would like very much to have . . "oul" " 01 nB
Mohicans. He thinks of America
partly in terms of this thriller
of days long gone.
This waiter's viewpoint isn't
so unusual. It's not so many
years ago that I found many
Britons who thought Indians
the big sorrow of her life is that and ,he ,hree trs and the lit-
Jack fell down and broke his e wh Put his im&er in
crown while going up the hill ,he dke and saved Holland. But
with Jill to fetch a pail of now somebody in Italy will tell
Water 'lcr a" these fine stories, and
Every night she wants to hear Probably get them all mixed up
this nursery adventure again, m 'he telling',
and as soon as Jack falls down Three days after Christmas
she tells her father: she'll be gone, leaving me a
"You get doctor. Make him godfather in absentia. When I
well." see her again she'll be almost
six and greet me with a polite
I am
And all this year
grown older I have been grow- How ran I believe in Santa
ing younger, and it has been 1 Claus this year?
food. In their some warm covering for my bed
world, for a long time, toys have and some food for the holiday,
had a low priority. and if you could spare it a pair
Louis, a Manhattan seven- ot stockings for my daughter,
year-old, knows Santa "can do who has sacrificed her life try
anything." So he wrote: lnS to care for me ... "
"Please bring me my mother. Goldman has 3.600 toys set still roamed the plains near Chl-
serves credit for taking Judge shc went out and left three oI a'read-v 10 ke care of the Cago, and that Chicago was only
Armstrong's "bonus-f or bigotry" us with my father. He is going neediest cases. Postal employes a short ride from New York.
to put us in a nome ana my - ".... ... , me And here in America one en-
baby brother is sick. I like toys Public always helps, too. . countered some pretty queer
but I like my mother best ..." But. he wonders, what can ideas about England, too.
Then there's Barbara, whose 'ou do for Louis, who only It s time America and Eng
childish scrawl read: wants his mother back? land got acquainted.
"My dady is in the army and
foundation off of the govern
ment's tax-exempt list.
U.S. Ambassador James Cle
ment Dunn, now in Rome, is
angling for the highly prized
post of ambassador to the court
of St. James.
Sen. Pat McCarran now thinks
he is AWOL for three months.
My mother's allotment check
her standby storyteller. "Burm Giorno" Instead of "Hi,
1 this year as Nina has Hal!"
he is almost as important as the will stop and we will not have
president. When McCarran re- any Christmas. ... We can use
turned to Washington last week, a blanket, as we don't have
the entire staff of the senate ju- enough . . . last year you for-
diciary committee was lined up got us."
waiting to greet him like a re-
turning potentate. And seven - year - old Sophie,.
Avra M. Warren, now Ame- who won t ask anything for her-
From First Grade to Seventh
In But Four Months' Time
Port Huron, Mich., Dec. nj.B John Poroynoff, 21-year-old
Bulgarian refuge, was placed in first grade fo'ir months
ago because he didn't know a word of English.
Today's he's a seventh grader, having skipped all the grades
in between. He was a college student in Bulgaria before be
ing drafted into the army. Hii parent! still are overseas.
i