Since Pearl IH arbor
(AP Newsfeatures)
If the World ever sees another Pearl Harbor, the results may dwarf those of the "day that
will live in infamy" eight years ago today. World War II stimulated development of methods
and materials for war. That development is still going on. Here are two big examples:
r-., ,
Bodies of Lost Sailors Stay
Entombed in Sunken Ships
By WILLARD D. EBERHART
Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7 U.R) Eight years ago on the Sunday the
late President Roosevelt bitterly called the "day of infamy,"
Pearl Harbor was a scene of burning ships and dying men.
It was December 7, 1941, the day that caused a uddenly uni
fied .nation to mount the greatest war effort the world had
ever seen.
On the eighth anniversary oi
the devastating Japanese assault,
Pearl Harbor lies under the
warm Hawaiian sun, with the
bodies of 1,150 men still inside
the twisted hulks of two sunken
ships. They are silent reminders
of the nation's blackest day.
Planes The B-17 Flying Fortress left, was tops in the bomber field in 1941. It proved itself
in the tough campaigns in Europe, Asia and the Pacific. But there have been many bomber de
velopments since. Ju.t now the B-36, right, is top bomber of the U. S.
Bombs This type of blockbuster was just commg into gen
eral use in 1941. It has since been superceded by
A-Bomb This is what now
jitters the world.
midable commercial empire and
willingly or not financed her
wars, have all been purged from
their former positions. But none
of them is in jail.
Chikuhei Nakajima. whose
aircraft plants manufactured
the redoubtable Zero, died
peacefully in bed last October.
Tamayuki Mitsui, 55-year-old
head of the Mitsui clan, has re
tired to a farm, but a kinsman
is running a country club near
Tokyo. Three other Mitsuis who
went to Switzerland this summer
What's Happened to Jap War
Lords of Pearl Harbor Days?
By PETER KALISCHER
Tokyo, Dec. 7 (UP) Death, imprisonment and obscurity have
overtaken most of the men who ruled Japan when the Rising
Sun planes bombed Pearl Harbor eight years ago.
With a peace treaty in prospect, a survey of the men in power
when Nippon went to war with the West reveals that only a
few are prospering today.
The hangman's noose already
has claimed Hideki Tojo and six
other high-r a n k i n g Japanese
condemned one year ago by an
international military tribunal
for their crimes against human
ity. Marquis Koichi Kido, the
mousy former lord keeper of
the privy seal and Emperor Hi
rohito's closest adviser, whose
diary for Dec. 8, 1941, read, "I
watched the sun come up red
.over Tokyo and saw in it an
omen of a glorious new era for
Japan," isn't seeing many sun
rises these days. He is serving
out a life term in Sugamo pri
son. So are 15 other generals, ad
mirals and government figures
who were in power on Pearl
Harbor day. They include Ad
miral Shigetaro Shimada, the
navy minister, whose carriers
struck Pearl Harbor, and Hiro
shi Oshima and Toshio Shirato
ri, ambassadors to Germany and
Italy, credited with helping tie
Japan to the Axis.
Shigenori Togo, Tojo's foreign
minister who conveniently "lost"
President Roosevelt's llth hour
peace cable to Emperor Hirohito
until it was too late, is doing 20
years in prison.
Tojo's ministers of education
and welfare, however, didn't
await trial. They committed su
icide a few days after Japans
surrender. Four others in the
Pearl Harbor cabinet are free
but out of public life.
The ex-commerce minister,
Shinsuke Kishi, is the only one
to have flourished financially
since the surrender. Kishi is pre
sident of the Nippon Steel Trad
ing Co.
In general, fate and the occu
pation have been kinder to Ja
pan s war-time business giants.
The heads of the family mo
nopolies that built Nippon's for-
ment made It the most complete
navy operating base in the
world. Nearly a billion dollars
have been spent here and the
base could be transformed to
war status overnight if neces
sary. It remains one the world's
finest anchorages with more
deep water (30 square miles)
than famed San Francisco bay.
to attend a moral rearmament
conference have not yet return
ed to Japan.
Of 19 major war crimes sus
pects who were released for lack
of evidence, most are in retire
ment writing their memoirs.
One of . them, however, Aii-
chiro Fujiyama, ex-president of
the Japan Chamber of Com
merce, is now president of the
Japan Sugar Beet Co. Another,
Seihin Ikeda, ex-president of the
Bank of Japan, is a behindTthe-
scenes influence in conservative
political circles.
The foxiest is Shumei Okawa
the Manchurian war planner
who was declared insane after
he slapped Tojo on the head on
the opening day of their trial.
Two months after it was an
nounced there would be no more
Class A war criminal trials,
Okawa regained his sanity. He
now is translating the Koran, at
nome.
Dayoflnfamy-8YearsLater
Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7 (PI The twisteC superstructure of the
proud old battleship Arizona juts above the water.
It is a grim reminder of what happened here eight years
ago today.
Japanese sneak bombs sank the Arizona that fateful Sab
bath morn. Many of her gallant crew did not get off.
She rests where she fell the Arizona a monument to the
first Americans to die in World War H.
On this anniversary all about the Arizona was serene and
pretty.
Life on the naval base flowed evenly. '
Ships glided by gently, entering and leaving this pearl-like
spot on the edge of the island called Oahu.
Their wakes softly touched the protruding hulk.
A small party went aboard. -
The Chaplain intoned a prayer.
Only a few made the pilgrimage.
The Arizona is weak and worn by war and time.
Fur Farmer Vantile Piatt
V sorts and grades chinchilla
pelts after tanning, at a fur
breeding farm in Gardens,
Calif., where mink and chin
chilla are raised for the market
Sent to Pearl's muddy bottom
perhaps forever, were the Bat
tleship Arizona and the targel
ship Utah.
The waves of the harbors
blue water lick their rustea
decks as occasional sightseers
and next-of-kin make pilgrim
ages to these only remaining
mementoes of the Japanese at
tack. The American graves registra
tion service lists 1092 officers
and men whose remains are still
inside the Arizona. The battle
shio sank at her anchorage off
the southern edge of Ford Isl
and in the middle of the harbor.
Of the Arizona's total comple
ment of 1,543, only 289 survived
the blows of one torpedo and
seven heavy bombs, one of
which went down her stack.
Fifty-eight bodies are still in
the Utah on the opposite side of
Ford Island. The Japanese sank
her with three torpedoes. She
lies on her side, mostly sub
merged.
The Navy found it impractical
to raise either ship and it was
decided to leave the men where
they fell. They comprise more
than a third of the 3.033 sold
iers, sailors and marines who
died in the attack. ,
The key officer on "battleship
row" that day was Capt. (then
Commander) William F. Fitz
gerald of Washington, D.C. He
was operations officer for the
commander of battleships and
additionally, was duty officer
when the blitz began.
Now chief of staff to Rear
Adm. C. H. McMorris, command
ant of the 14th naval district.
Fitzgerald said:
"Pearl Harbor admittedly was
a black day in our history. But
I feel it is something the whole
country should remember with
out minimizing in any way the
inadequacy of anyone concern
ed. It was 'the result of the
complacency of a peace-loving
nation."
Reading dispatches In hiqj cab
in aboard the flagship Maryland
that . morning, Fitzgerald sud
denly was startled by a sharp
jolt. Within seconds there was a
second blow.
The battleship Oklahoma
moored outboard of the Mary
land and thus protecting her had
taken two aerial torpedoes in
her side. Two more hit her and
she capsized and sank within 12
minutes.
" ran on deck and one glance
told me we were at war," Fitz
gerald said. "Our machine-gunners
were firing when I reached
the deck, and the five-inch and
anti-aircraft batteries were at
work within another minute or
two.
"The water was covered with
flaming oil and the smoke was
so intense it was almost impos
sible to breathe."
The Maryland herself was hit
by two bombs forward She was
not seriously damaged and man
aged to sail for Bremerton for
repairs within a fortnight
There are no capital ships in
Pearl Harbor today; only a
handful of submarines, a few de
stroyer escorts and some small
service craft.
Navy men ashore and afloat
and civilian workers in the na
val shipyard are fewer than at
any time since 1939. Some 8,400
civilians are repairing and main
taining ships and completing the
tag ends of the Pacific war roll-
up. Small craft still are being
towed from islands around the
Pacific to Pearl Harbor for
mothballing.
But Pearl's war-time develop
Interim Group
To Tour State
Portland, Ore., Dec. 7 (U.R
The Oregon legislative highway
interim committee will tour the
state in 1950 to hear what the
people have to say about high
ways and highway revenues, it
was revealed here today.
The committee appointed by
the 1949 legislature to investi
gate the Oregon highway system
with particular attention to high
way revenues and their relation
to the state, heard George H
Flagg, state public utilities com
missioner, outline the program
for levying and collecting motor
truck taxes. Secretary of State
Earl T. Newbry discussed the
Capital Journal, Salem, Ore., Wednesday, Dec. 7, 1949 13
Knowland Blames State Dept.
For Far East Catastrophy
Honolulu, T. H., Dec 7 (u.Rl Sen William Knowland (R.,
Calif.), charged Tuesday that the far east division of the U S.
Stale Department was largely responsible for the "catastrophic
events now taking place in China."
Knowland, who arrived after a month's tour of the Orient.
declared that many state depart-
people of the United States."
Knowland said he was not
surprised that the state depart
ment has "taken a dim view ot
my proposal that Gen. Douglas
McArlhur be named coordina
tor of the joint defense policy
in the Far East."
ment officials "have initiated
condoned or been indifferent to
activities which have supported
the communists."
"We've stood up to the com
munists in Europe and cringed
before them on the continent of
Asia," Knowland asserted, add
ing that recognition of the com
munist regime in China would
be "appeasement."
'It is time the curtain of se
crecy was lifted and the Ameri
can people told how our friends
have been abandoned and the
communists supported," he said
"I am shocked at what has
been done in hte name of the
administration of motor vehicle
decisions by his office.
The committee announced it
would go into "the far corners'
of the state to quiz people on
their reactions to the way the
stale's highway system is run
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