I
United Nations
Delegations
Shape Policies
Truman to Welcome
General Assembly Wed
nesday at Flushing
New York, Oct. 22 (P) Diplo
mats Irom over the world called
their staffs and advisers into
last minute conferences today to
shape the policies they will pre
sent in the meetings of the gen
eral assembly of the United Na
tions which open tomorrow in
Flushing Meadow Park with
President Truman as the wel-
coming speaker.
Most delegations already were
settled in overcrowded New
York hotels, but late-comers
still were arriving by air from
far parts of the globe. Among
those duo to arrive today were
two prospective antagonists
Field Marshal Jan Christian
Smuts, prime minister and for
eign minister of the Union of
Smith Africa, and Mrs. Vijayal-
akshmi Pandit of India.
Indians IMan Wrangles
Although some negotiations
Sere reported in the wrangles
between India and South Afri
ca, Mrs. Pandit only woman
delegation chief was prepared
to carry on a fight in the assem
bly against "Jim Crow" condi
tions allegedly imposed upon In
dians in South Africa. She is
the sister of Pandit Jawaharlal
Nehru, chief minister in India's
new interim government.
The Indian delegation also has
organized a campaign which
may be sprung to oppose South
Africa's intentions of annexing
southwest Africa, the old Ger
many colony which the union
administers under a League of
Nations mandate. The annexa
tion proposal has been placed
before the general assembly for
consideration.
League Mandates
The disposal of several other
league mandates under a trus
teeship council seemed assured
with the announcement last
night that the United Kingdom
had submitted terms under
which it would agree to trus
teeships for Tanganyika, Togo
land and Cameroon, all in Af
rica. If the British proposals and
those of Australia and France
for trusteeships over their man
dates are accepted by the as
sembly, the trusteeship council
would be set up as the last ma
jor organ of the U. N. to be es
tablished. The mandate holders
laould serve as administering
sttdes, with the United States,
RvAsia and China as the non
administering members of the
council.
Americans In Session
France has offered French
Togoland and Cameroon and the
Australians have offered their
portion of New Guinea.
The American delegation
headed by former Senator War
ren Austin of Vermont contin
ued its day-long sessions of
combing through the list ot
problems on the assembly agen
da. It met in almost continuous
session yesterday and last night
to determine a policy on future
needs o the refugee-care agen
cies after the ending of UNRRA
next year and also completed its
committee assignments.
Find Wreckage
Of Lost Plane
McChord Field, Wash., Oct.
22 U.R Aerial searchers have
spotted the wreckage of a small
civilian plane missing since yes
terday morning with its pilot,
Frank Macchione, Vancouver,
Wash., near Scapoose, Ore., air
rescue service squadron offi
cials announced here today.
The army spokesman said
preliminary investigation dis
closed the pilot died in the
cash. The wreckage was dis
covered by a civilian pilot from
the Evergreen Plane service,
Vancouver, Wash.
Three planes from the Salem
air base joined in the hunt for
Macchiono Tuesday morning,
investigating a report that a
farmer in the Gervais area had
seen a plane go down west of
Gervais. The trio landed at the
McMinnville airport after fail
ing to find any trace of a plane
and there learned that a plane
had located the missing plane
in the heavily wooded area
about five miles from Scapoose.
Piloting the planes from Sa
lem were John Hughes, Jack
Eyerly and Harry Eyerly, and
going along as observers were
Wallace Hug, Wade Dickinson
and Mclvin Holt.
The Weather
(Released by he United Statest
Weather Bureau)
Forecast for Salem and vicin
ity: Clearing and cooler tonight.
Lowest temperature tonight near
38. Partly cloudy Wednesday
with weather conditions gener
ally favorable for farm activities.
Max. yesterday 60. Min. today
50. Mean temperature yesterday
53. which was 1 above normal
Total 24-hour precipitation to
11:30 a.m. today .68. Total pre
cipitation for the month 3.07,
which is 1.21 inches above nor
mal. Willamette river height 3
I foot.
C apital
58th Year, No. 250
Bevin Outlines
British Foreign
Affairs Policy
London, Oct. 22 OT Foreign
Secretary Ernest Bevin declared
today that "we must either have
the Potsdam agreement observ
ed as a whole and in the order
of those decisions or we must
have a new agreement."
Opening a two-day debate in
the house of commons on for
eign policy, Bevin declared that
an "agreement on Germany is
at once the touchstone of the
relations among the four powers
and our opportunity to build a
lasting peace and security for
the world."
He expressed "almost com
plete agreement" with U. S.
Secretary of State Byrnes' pro
nouncements on the future of
Germany in his Stuttgart speech
and added that, "equally, we
welcome Marshal Stalin's state
ment." Stand by Greece
Bevin opposed Russian de
mands on Turkey for the Dar
danelles. He declared "we will
not desert Greece" and said "we
wish to see Persia (Iran) . . .
free from foreign interference."
He said Great Britain had no
military interest for "any nar
row national interest" in Tri
este, where he said British poli
cy is purely one of international
trade." He expressed hope that
British troops could be with
drawn from both Trieste and
Greece.
Voicing British desires about
Germany, Bevin told the packed
house:
"We wish to see established
first political conditions which
will secure the world against
any German reversion to dicta
torship or any revival of Ger
man aggressive policy."
(Concluded on Pane 11, Column
Buyers' Strikes
On High Prices
(By the Associated Press)
The growth of definite buyer
resistance to meat prices that
have spurted to an extreme of
$1.50 a pound was shown today
in a heavy majority of the key
cities covered in a nation-blanketing
survey.
At the end of the first full
week of uncontrolled meat
prices, a spot check of 48 cities
by the Associated Press produc
ed a scoreboard that read like
this:
Red meat has come back in
sharply improved to ample
quantities on the counters of 39
communities; in nine others
six of them in the east meat is
still scarce to non-existent.
Prices have risen everywhere,
in a few cases by as little or
even less than the federal sub
sidy that vanished with OPA
control, but in one-third of the
48 cities prices of $1 a pound or
more have been chalked up for
choice cuts.
Resistance to these prices has
appeared in degrees ranging
from beyond the muttering
stage to active organized pick
eting in 34 of the survey cities;
in others the plaint has risen
that citizens had nothing to re
sist. In at least 10 cities this re
sistance has either been effec
tive in chopping down the top
most prices, or has given prom
ise of doing so within a few
days.
Diphtheria on Ship
New York, Oct. 22 OT
Troops and civilians are being
held aboard the transport
George Washington here because
of an outbreak of four cases of
diphtheria during the vessel's
crossing from Bremerhaven.
Court Upholds Rights of Vet
Squatters in Eugene Park
War veterans living in trailers in Sladden's park in Eugene
were unanimously upheld today by the stale supreme court, which
affirmed a decision by Circuit Judge G. F. Skipworth of Eugene
in denying an injunction sought
by abutting property owners
who wanted the veterans eject
ed from the park.
The court ruled that the vet
erans could use the park during
the duration of the housing
emergency, but not later than
January 1, 1948, and that not
more than 100 trailers could be
placed in the park.
The suit was brought by Mr.
and Mrs. Wilbur H. Hyland and
Mr. and Mrs. Ansel E. Hyland,
who own property abutting the
park. They sought an injunction
against the city of Eugene, the
Lane county court, and Willam
ette Post No. 293 of the Veter
ans of Foreign Wars.
The high court decision, writ
ten by Chief Justice Harry H.
Belt, said:
"If the project involved here
in were of a permanent nature,
CntireO Mooad cUm
m Attar t Slem. Oregon
Restaurants
End to Ceilings
On All Meals
Washington, Oct. 22 OT The
government boosted grain al
lowance to whisky, beer and ale
makers today in a step pointing
to early removal of OPA ceilings
on flour, bread and breakfast
foods. The restaurant industry
meanwhile petitioned both OPA
and the agriculture department
for an end to ceilings on all
meals and drinks served in pub
lic eating places.
Under the relaxed grain or
der, distillers will get about 16
per cent more in October and
later months and brewers will
get a quarterly increase of about
6 per cent.
Restrictions imposed last
winter on the use of wheat by
breakfast food and other food
manufacturers also were lifted,
except in the case of flour mill
ers. Flour distribution will be
kept at the rale in effect since
the wheat shortage crisis of last
winter.
Flour Controls Next.
Officials said the decision to
grant distillers, brewers and
food manufacturers more grain
reflected the greatly improved
domestic supply situation, bol
stered by record crops.
They added privately that the
agriculture department and OPA
are working on an order which
will lift price controls from
flour, semolina, farina, bread,
breakfast foods and other bak
ery products.
The order can be expected
within a day or so, the officials
said, despite the agriculture de
partment's action late yesterday
denying a decontrol petition
submitted by the baking indus
try. That petition was based on the
grounds that bread and other
bakery products are not in short
supply.
Petitions Denied.
The department said it could
not agree because of the fact
that some products use large
quantities of scarce sugar and
shortening.
Officials emphasized, how
ever, that the denial of the peti
tion did not mean those and
other wheat products would be
kept under price control. They
said the government preferred
to act on all of them as a whole.
The fact that distillers and
brewers were granted additional
grain was generally regarded as
indicating an official belief that
wheat supplies are large enough
to prevent runaway prices for
flour and bread if ceilings arc
lifted.
Shoppers Fight for
Fats and Soaps
New York, Oct. 22 (P) Thou
sands of shoppers fought their
way toward such scarce items as
fats and soap today as 500 A.
and P. stores, closed by the gen
eral trucking strike, reopened
in the metropolitan area for the
first time since September 14.
At one store in the Bronx
where 3000 shoppers milled,
harried police had to order the
doors closed until lines could be
reorganized. Special details of
police were ordered at all new
ly opened chain stores in crowd
ed neighborhoods.
Slayer Sentenced
In Trial at Guam
Guam, Oct. 22 OT Sgt. Ma
sayoshi Takano today was con
victed by a U. S. military com
mission of murdering two Amer
ican army fliers on. Chichi in the
Bonin islands Aucust 7, 1944,
and was sentenced to nine years
imprisonment.
we should have no hesitancy to
grant injunctive relief to these
abutting owners. However, it is
clearly established that this vet
eran housing project is only to
be maintained during a public
emergency resulting from an
acute housing shortage. It is
only a temporary use of the
park and does not substantially
or materially interfere with the
purpose for which the park was
dedicated.
Other court action today:
Anton O. Frangas, appellant,
vs. W. J. Edmunds and D. O.
Armstrong. Appeal from Mult
nomah county. Suit by a bus
passenger for personal injuries
received in accident. Opinion
by Justice James T. Brand.
Judge Walter L. Tooze, reversed
and new trial ordered.
m.
-irk h
Salem, Oregon, Tuesday, October
The Queen's Luxury Liner Now (IP) Accompanied bv water stream throwing fircboals, tugs and
other craft, the British luxury liner Queen Elizabeth, largest ship afloat, makes her way up New
York harbor completing her first trans-Atlantic voyage in passenger service. The Queen made
many ocean voyages carrying troops but this was her maiden trip since being refitted as the luxury
liner she was originally intended to be.
No Shortage of Power
In Area Served by PGE
' There is no danger that any part of the area served by the
Portland General Electric company will be short of power this
winter," said Ralph Milsap, manager of public relations for the
PGE, who was in Salem Tuesday from Portland. Milsap said the
company is not using all of its emergency steam capacity now. He
8 said that while the northwest
Loans Only to
Friendly Nations
Washington, Oct. 22 OT Sec
retary of State Byrnes indicated
today that the United States will
not extend credits to countries
which might regard such cred
its as a move toward enslaving
them economically.
Byrnes told a news confer
ence, in answer to questions
about cancellation of a $400,
000,000 credit to Czechoslovak
ia, that this government will
give preference in loans to:
r i. Countries needing such
loans.
2. Governments which are
friendly to the United States.
Byrnes' mention of economic
enslavement referred to a charge
made at the Paris peace con
ference by Russia's deputy for
eign minister, Andrei Vishinsky,
which was applauded by dele
gates from Czechoslovakia and
other eastern European coun
tries. Vishinsky accused this coun
try of practicing "dollar dip
lomacy," and of attempting to
enslave eastern European coun
tries through loans.
In answer to a direct ques
tion Byrnes maintained that the
state department does not have
a general policy of denying aid
to countries alleged to be with
in the Russian sphere while
granting it to nations which
have supported American ob
jectives in international confer
ences. Beer War Pickets
Pittsburgh Saloons
Pittsburgh, Oct. 22 OT The
AFL Teamsters' union carried
a local union beer "war" into
the downtown district today by
picketing saloons which the
AFL said handled ClO-delivered
beer.
Lester M. Hunt, former Seat
tle ' newspaperman and radio
commentator, spokesman for the
AFL union, said all truck de
liveries to the picketed saloons
would be cut off. This would
also halt milk, food and ice de
liveries. The teamsters also were try
ing to persuade AFL employes
of the picketed saloons such
as waitresses and bartenders
to quit their jobs until further
notice.
The saloon picketing is the
latest development in the fight
of the teamsters to win back
brewery workers who switched
from AFL to CIO affiliation.
Eugene Youth Sixth
Hunting Fatality
Eugene, Oct. 22 OT Oregon's
sixth hunting fatality this fall
took the life of Kenneth Ruth,
19. Eugene, last night.
Companions on the hunting
trip cast of Crcswcll said Ruth
was sitting alone in the front
seat of the car with the rifle
butt resting on the running
board when they heard a shot.
He died in a hospital here,
with a wound in his chest.
Journal
22, 1946
as a whole is facing a threat
of shortage the danger is mainly
for next winter instead of this
winter.
"We are now delivering as
much energy as during the peak
of the war period," he said.
Some confusion was caused
he said when aluminum plant
loads that were going full blast
during the war were shut down,
and then abruptly went back
into operation again, while at
the same time all other indus
trial users were in heavy opera
tion. He said it was true that
neither Bonneville nor any other
part ot the electrical industry
has the reserve it should have.
"It is largely a Bonneville prob
lem," he said.
He added that the rain is
helping the hydroelectric plants
very materially. Until very re
cently there has been a shortage
of water.
Private utilities were asked by
the Bonneville power adminis
tration yesterday to keep steam
operated generating facilities
fired up for emergency use dur
ing December.
The BPA reported an unex
pectedly heavy power demand
by housewives during one dark,
cloudy day last week suddenly
overtaxed the northwest power
pool lines and dropped the fre
quency rale to below normal.
Pictures of Dead Nazi
Leaders Released
Berlin, Oct. 22 (IP) The sec
retary of the allied control au
thority announced today that it
would release official pictures
of the bodies of the major nazi
war criminals hanged at Nuern
berg to representatives of the
world press here tomorrow.
There will be one picture of
each body including that of
suicide Hermann Goering laid
upon its coffin. There are no
pictures of the actual hangings.
The bodies have since been cre
mated. Canned Pork and
Beans Prices Upped
Washington, Oct. 22 (IP) Gro
cery prices for canned pork and
beans and baked beans will go
up two to three cents a can, OPA
announced today.
The agency allowed an im
mediate increase in ceilings for
processed beans because of high
er labor and other costs. The in
creases will reach consumers,
OPA added, when the first cans
of the higher priced food reach
retail stores.
Dry edible beans, sometimes
called navy beans, are used in
preparing the canned products.
They are reported to be scarce
and for that reason have been
kept under price ceilings.
Cattlemen Asked to
Halt Shipments
Spokane, Oct. 22 (IP) A re
quest that cattlemen withhold
shipments for the rest of the
week was made today by the
livestock exchange committee
and the old Union Stockyards
company. The "recess" was ask
ed to permit a cleanup of yes
terday's record run of 3000 animals.
Ar Price Fiv r ts
30 c,uwMn '-
a
Days Creek Flier
Victim of Crash
Luke Field, Ariz., Oct. 22 OT
A blackened "good luck penny"
today became the ironic means
of identifying the body of a man
burned to death in an automobile-truck
collision as that of
Second LI. Donald M. Hanna.
24, Luke field pilot and son
of Melville Hanna, Days Creek,
Ore.
Military authorities said the
penny, which was recognized by
Hanna's associates as a charm
he always carried, license plates
of the car and air corps insignia
indicated that Hanna was driv
ing the car registered to his
father.
The body o,f the second vic
tim of the collision and fire,
which occurred near Salome,
Ariz., yesterday, was determined
to be that of a man, but identity
has not been established. An
army identification lag bearing
the name of Billie G. Pamell
was found near the wreckage.
The army is checking the serial
number.
In Oregon, Hanna's lather said
the officer had left a few days
ago to return to Luke field to
collect his belongings before be
ing assigned to overseas duty.
Strikers Spurn Offer
To Negotiate
Los Angeles, Oct. 22 (IP)
Strikebound since Sept. 3, the
Los Angeles Evening Herald
Express today had offered to re
sume negotiations witli the
Newspaper Guild provided its
525 striking employes returned
to work.
Bui the Guild immediately re
jected the proposal, tendered by
Business Manager Vic Duns
more, and termed it an "evasion
and a subterfuge."
"That being the case, there
is nothing more wo can offer,"
Dunsmorc commented.
He said iho offer was made
to rcfule "repeated references
in Guild official publications to
the current Guild strike as a
lockout."
Krug Offers to Meet Lewis
To Head Off. Coal Strike
Washington, Oct. 22 IIP) Secretary of the Interior J. A. Krug,
now traveling in Ihe southwest, today invited John L. Lewis to
meet him in California if he wants to discuss a new soft coal
mining contract
by Nov. 1:.. ... ,
The United Mine Workers
leader, tossing out the threat of
a new coal production shut
down, charged the government
with breach of contract yester
day and hinted broadly at new
wage demands. He demanded
that negotiations for a new con
tract begin by Nov. 1.
"On that dale," Krug told
Lewis in a communication made
available at the interior depart
ment, "I will be .at Tulo Lake,
California, discussing our pro
gram for veterans settlement,
but I will find a way of arrang
ing a time for our meeting if
you want to meet me there.
"However, if it should bettor
meet your convenience I will
see you in Washington directly
after my last publicly announced
address on Nov. 6 to the town
hall in Los Angeles, which ends
my committed western inspec
tion trip.
"Will you please let my of
fice know what arrangement
will suit you best."
Lewis' new challenge, ending
nearly six months of compara-
Ship Engineers End Strike in
South and East But Other Unions
Continue to Bottle-up Shipping
Agreement Must Be Ratified by Membership and
44 Maritime Operators and Other Unions Out
Pacific Coast Still Strike
New York, Oct. 22 (IP CIO maritime engineers and cast and
Gulf coast ship operators today signed a contract to settle their
22-day old maritime walkout but the strike of deck officers and
licensed ship personnel continued to hottle up virtually all
American shipping.
Signing of the contract between the ship operators and the
Marine Engineers Beneficial association was announced by U. S.
Conciliator Frederick Livingston after 13'.2 hours of negotiations.
But before the shipping ticup on the cast and Gulf coasts comes
to an end the pact must be ratified hy both the union membership
and the 44 shipping companies and representatives of agents and
operators.
Terms also must be agreed upon between the operators and the
other unions out on strike, the AFL Masters, Mates and Pilots, who
adjourned a long negotiating session to 3:30 p.m (EST) today.
The engineers sought a 35 per
cent pay raise, which would re
sult in the following monthly
wage changes on a class C Lib
erty ship: chief engineer, $499
to $673; first assistant, $314 to
$424; second assistant, $275 to
$371; third assistant, $252 to
$340.
For masters and males, who
seek a 30 percent increase and
a closed shop, the pay changes
on the same class ship would be:
captain from $535 to $695 per
month; chief mate, $314 to $408;
second mate, $275 to $357; third
mate, $252 to $328,
West Not Affected
Settlement with cast and Gulf
coast operators would leave the
west coast still strikebound,
however, and union negotiations
with west coast shipping inter
ests will follow the conclusion
of talks here.
Arthur Coco, secretary of the
engineers' strike committee,
said it was expected that the
union's national membership of
18,000 in 24 ports on three
coasts will have voted on the
question of ratifying the new
contract by Thursday morning.
Union voting will be held in
New York tomorrow, he said.
E. P. Trainer, chairman of the
marine engineers negotiation
committee, who signed the con
tract for the union, said he
would recommend to the gener
al membership that they ratify
the agreement.
Tie-up Not Ended
Lawrence Kammct, MEBA
publicity representative, said the
general shipping ticup would
not be ended by the agreement,
since the AFL organization still
was negotiating for a settlement,
and the engineers would con
tinue to respect MMP picket
lines.
Terms of the contract were
withheld by Trainer and Frank
J. Taylor, president of the
American Merchant Marine in
stitute, representing the opera
tors, pending notification of the
union membership and ship op
crating companies.
Participating in Ihe final ne
gotiating session with the MEBA
in addition to the union repre
sentative, were Harry Bridges,
co-chairman ot the CIO Commit
tee for Maritime Unity, Andlec
Pressman, CIO general counsel.
Portland Shipyard
Offered for Sale
Washington, Oct. 22 (IPi The
war assets administration of
fered for sale or lease today a
Portland, Ore., shipbuilding
yard, formerly occupied by the
Commercial Iron Works.
The establishment contains
about 43 acres with nine major
structures totaling about 310,00
square feet of floor space. II
was used tor construction, re
pair and conversion of naval
ships.
out of the nation's 400,000 soft
coal miners by Nov. 20 on the
icy edge of winter.
Unleashing his attack with
sudden fury, the United Mine
Workers' union boss accused the
government of contract breaches
resulting in "the loss of mil
lions of dollars due to mine
workers."
In a letter to Secretary of
Interior J A. Krug yesterday.
Lewis demanded that negotia
tions for 9 completely new con
tract begin hy November 1, and
coupled with it a threat to tear
up the existing contract in 30
days.
Capt. N. H. Collisson, federal
coal mines administrator, told
John L. Lewis today his demand
for reopening the wage contract
of soft coal miners is "clearly
unwarranted."
Nevertheless, Collisson said at
a news conference he is willing
to discuss arbitration on whe
ther the agreement between Le
wis and the government, under
which the mines are now operat
ing, can be opened legally.
Bound
Peace Parley
Sparring Match
Nanking, Oct. 22 OT Chi
nese government and commu
nist negotiators turned their
peace meeting into a sparring
match for position today. Mean
time, the government pressed
preparations to administer areas
seized from the reds.
General Marshall and U. S.
Ambassador Stuart, resuming
active roles, conferred with
minority parly leaders whoso
proposals succeeded in return
ing communist negotiator Chou
En-Lai to Nanking.
The reds clung stubbornly to
their demands for restoration of
territory the government has
seized since the quickly broken
January truce and for accept
ance of political pacts which
never were put into effect.
Communist spokesman Wang
Ping-Nan, who yesterday saw
"no reason for optimism," said
his parly's maximum conces
sions are acceptance of those
agreements "which are far from
terms the government delegates
arc willing to accept."
The supreme national defense
council, outlining the govern
ment's policies for areas captur
ed from the communists, out
lawed communist currency as
"illegally issued banknotes." It
ordered proclamations to that
effect posted in each area seized
from tile reds.
Stock Crowds
Packing Plants
(Bv the United Press)
Livestock came lo market in
shipments too great for some
yards lo handle today, a week
after Ihe removal of controls,
holding the promise lo house
wives of more meat on the table
at lower prices.
Receipts of all types of ani
mals were high. Dealers said the
flow would have been heavier
if markets had been able to
handle the traffic.
Yards were jammed with new
and holdover animals. In many
places market officials pleaded
with farmers to withhold ship
ments until space was available.
An embargo on cattle and calf
shipments remained in effects
at Sioux City, In.
Today's receipts at the 12 ma
jor markets were estimated at
61.100 cattle, 17.300 calves, 70,
800 hogs and 49,300 sheep. The
figures were considerably below
yesterday when a week-end
backlog of livestock shot re
ceipts up lo 156,300 cattle, 33,
300 calves, 62,500 hogs and
118,600 sheep.
A week ago, Hie day on which
President Truman lifted al con
trols on moat and livestock, but
before farmers were able to get
Iheir animals to market, receipts
were 31.589 cattle, 12.721 cal
ves, 15,338 hogs and 55,502
sheep.
Mare Presented to
General Wainwrighf
Cleveland. Oct. 22 OT A
promise of a 7-ycar-old mare,
made lo Gen. Jonathan M.
Wainwright by Detective James
G. Matowilz in Mexico City five
months ago, will be fulfilled
here Sunday.
The horse. Dolly Dare, was
performing for the Cleveland
police department in the second
international horse show when
the detective heard the Bataan
hero express great admiration
for the animal.
Matowitz. who owns the
horse, offered lo present her to
the general when he visited
Cleveland
Apartment Owners
Fighting With OPA
Seattle, Oct. 22 OT One hun
dred Seattle apartment house
operators have turned down a
suggestion that they "force" a
lifting ot OPA rental ceilings by
shutting off heat and refuse col
lection, but accepted an alter
nate proposal last night that
they hold vacated apartments
instead of re-renting them.
il