SATURDAY. AUGUST 21, 1937
THE CAPITAL JOURNAL, SALEM, OREGON
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Justice
Black
JUSTICE Van Devanter, retired,
J once was headed toward the
United States senate but was
shunted into the judiciary. When
61 years old he was promoted to
the Supreme Court.
Hugo L. Black started out in law
and politics in Birmingham, some
what the same as Van Devanter
had years before
in Cheyenne.
Black got to the
senate, gained
fame as a fiery
New Deal ally,
and, following
Van Devanter's
retirement, h e
was chosen, at 51,
to serve in the
Stinrpmp Court.
But before con- Justice Black
senting t 0 h i .
appointment by
President Roosevelt the senate had
a fine-spun legal argument. The
courtesy rule requiring instant con
firmation of nominations of senators
had been waved aside. Doubt even
had been raised about whether
there was a job open since Van
Devanter merely 'retired."
To this contention was added a
legal theory that Black was inel
igible because of his membership
in congress when the law enabling
justices to retire on full pay was
passed.
.
Ku Klux Klin Ghost
NEW YORK'S Senator Copeland
also questioned the wisdom of
the appointment. He quoted news
paper accounts of Black's rise to
the senate and charged he had been
a Ku Klux Klan "sympathizer." Im
perial Wizard Evans, however, said
Black was not a klansman.
And the senate voted 63 to 16 to
okay him. (That was a bigger mar
gin than either Chief Justice Hughes
or veteran Justice Brandeis got in
by.) And New Dealers believed it
would give them a 6-to-3 margin
in the court this fall.
Scrappy Mr. Black seemed to lose
some of his pugnacity while pre
paring to switch from his $10,000-a-year
place amid the senate clamor
to a $20.000-a-year position in the
quiet $12,000,000 temple of justice.
"I'm tired," he said, as he sat in his
office with Mrs. Black during the
battle over his appointment.
The next day former Federal
Judge Levitt of the Virgin Islands
asked the high court's permission
to question Black's right to a place
on the bench. Levitt cited the same
legal points that some senators had
raised.
.
The Race To Go Home
CONGRESS raced along toward
adjournment. (The eight
month session, clerks estimated, has
cost about $12,000,000.)
One of the most generally dis
cussed proposals, wage and hour
legislation, was being "smothered"
Representative Martin's word for
It in the house rules committee.
Democrats favoring the bill were
embittered by the committee's
failure to give it the right of way.
The house passed the final big
appropriation bill calling for $98.
830,375, with $20,000,000 of it
ticketed for farm tenants' aid. For
farm purchasing loans there was
$10,000,000, and for conversion of
the western "dust bowl" into a vast
pasture, $10,000,000. Restorations
to the NLRB of $876,500 precipi
tated an attack on the board by
Mississippi's Rankin and Michigan's
Huffman.
The he use also passed the hous
ing bill. Approved in different
form by the senate, it would launch
a program of federal aid to states
and cities in providing low-rent
dwellings for low-salaried people.
Special Session 'IP
PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT told
reporters in the middle of the
week that calling of a special ses
sion this fall to take up crop-control
legislation still was on his "if list.
A senate agriculture subcommittee
decided to start hearings on the
crop question in the south and west
October 1.
' The President scolded congress
(or tacking a price law onto an es
sential tax bill, but he did not veto
It. The rider permits manufacturers
to contract for minimum retail
prices on their goods.
The President asked Frank R.
McNinch, chairman of the federal
power commission, to straighten out
affairs of the federal communica
tions commission, accused by Re
publicans of favoritism and en
couragement of monopoly.
And the attorney general told
the Bureau of Investigation to look
into "nasi" training camps through
out the country to see if they were
breaking any federal laws.
Mary Dewson's Record
Mary T. Dewson has been chosen
by President Roosevelt for a social
security board post. Miss Dewson
went into big-time politics in 1928 to
help Al Smith, but refused to take a
walk with him last year because she
thought wealth was "stacked up"
against the New Deal. She has served
in the Democratic national commit
tee's feminine division, on the NRA
consumer's advisory board and on the
National Consumers' League labor
standards committee.
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By Th4 Ap Ptatur. Srvie
2
At Home
'American Lord Macaulays'
Their anchor for the salvation
of the ship of state is Macaulay' s
anchor: ''Supreme power ... in the
hands of a class, numerous indeed,
but select." . . . My anchor is de
mocracy and more democracy.
In this way President Roosevelt
replied, at Roanoke Island, N. C, to
his outspoken critics. He quoted the
objections to democracy as ex
pressed by Lord Macaulay, the 1 9th
century historian who didn't believe
America would make good, and
added:
"Almost, methinks, I am reading
not from Macaulay but from a reso
lution of the United States Chamber
of Commerce, the Liberty League, the
National Association of Manufactur
er! or the editorials written at the be
hest of some well-known newspaper
proprietors."
The occasion was the 350th anni
versary of the birth of Virginia Dare,
first child of English parentage born
on this continent. The President stood
in a hot enclosure of reconstructed
Fort Raleigh, where Sir Walter Ra
leigh's famous "lost colony" was es
tablished in 1587. -
A message from Anthony Eden was
read by Congressman Warren: "The
celebration of this event cannot fail
to stir the heart of every Englishman,
on whom it impresses vividly the part
that his forefathers played in the
foundation of this great country."
U arena In Jfete York Timet
Spoiling His Painting'
To Beat The Dusf
Liberal, Kas., business men have
financed a $5,500 deep-well irrigation
project serving 150 acres. They
showed comparative cornfields to vis
itors, during a mild dust storm this
week. The watered corn was green
and tall; the dry field's crop, sparse
and stubby.
Oklahoma's former Governor Mur
ray, speaking at the demonstration
proiect's dedication, urged that there
be 250,000 deep wells. "They would
pay for themselves each year of the
drought," he argued.
South Dakota's Governor Jensen
listened to officials of 41 western
counties of his state this week as they
reported dismal drought conditions
and appealed for more federal relief
funds.
Hot Trip Not Futile '
Mrs. Esther Worman stowed away
on a freighter in England to get to
America, find her husband and fetch
him home. The ship's hold was so hot
she had to strip to endure the trip.
Authorities found her nude at Gal
veston and ordered her deported.
This week immigration officials also
did what Mrs. Worman had wanted
to do they found her husband, in
New York. He was held on a charge
of having entered the United States
illegally in 1930. ,
Tennessee Killing
Albert Gooden. 35, negro, was
charged with slaying the Mason,
Tenn., marshal. The. sheriff taking
him to Covington this week reported
that six masked men had seized the
negro. The next morning searchers
found his body, punctured by 30 bul
lets, a frayed rope around the asm,
handcuffs still locked.
In Short . . .
Portugal broke diplomatic rela
tions with Czechoslovakia when
denied the right to buy arms.
Belfast police detained 13 men In
connection with violence during
the recent visit of King George.
Maine rejected a one per cent
retail sales tax in a state-wide
referendum.
' Hundreds were homeless in Chile
because of floods on the Bio-Bio
and other rivers.
NYA will help only about a third
as many college students this year
as last year.
Seven men were killed by a steam
explosion on the U. S. destroyer
Cassin at' the Philadelphia navy
yard.
Married: Louise Hovick (Gypsy
Rose Lee) to Robert Mizzy: Prin
cess Maria Dolores de Bourbon of
Spain, niece of ex-King Alfonso, to
Polish Prince Czartoryski.
Divorced: Manuel Komroff,
writer, from Mrs. Elinor M. Bar
nard Komroff, British artist.
Died: Cyril McNeile. author of
"Bulldog Drummond" stories;
James Mclntyre, minstrel man.
The WORLD This WEEK
Two Cartoons
'Not Made For A
Abroad
5 Roads To Santander
General Franco's warriors appar
ently were stalled last weekend in
their lunge at the loyalist line's cen
ter west of Madrid. Nor had they been
able to complete an end-run on the
east that would isolate Madrid from
Valencia. So they took a fresh crack
at Santander. in the sliver of loyalist
land left on Spain's northern coast.
Dopesters said that smacking down
Santander would (1) pep up the in
surgents and (2) permit them to
throw more men into the other two
battles.
Advancing along five roads to
Santander, the insurgents by mid
week had seized Reinosa, a factory
town, and carried their red and gold
flag to within 25 miles of the goal.
Loyalists reported Italy's "Black Ar
row" brigade and 200 German planes
were carrying the ball for Franco.
3 Adopted Children
After Allied troops dismembered
the Turkish Empire in the World war,
Syria, Iraq and Palestine became
mandates. France undertook to steer
Syria and Britain to guide Iraq and
Palestine toward nationhood.
Arabs have raised so much hob
with Jews in Palestine that Britain
wants to operate on that mandate.
Fearful of repercussions in Syria,
"Papa" France has decided to have
a talk about it with "Papa" Britain.
Iraq, meanwhile, has been chang
ing cabinets as the result of the as
sassination of the army's chief. For
mer Premier Jamal Madfai was com
missioned to form the new govern
ment and several exiled politicians
packed up to return home. Among
those in exile were some of the lead
ers of Arab nationalism.
'Green Hen' Trouble
Brazil's fascists wear green shirts,
so some people call them "green
hens." Their leader. Plinio Salgado,
has a mustache like Hitler's and looks
to Brazilians of German and Italian
descent for support
Brazil's presidential election is five
months off, but already hot The two
leading candidates are Jose America
de Almeida and Armando de Sal lea
Oliveira. Both were denounced, at a
fascist rally in Campos this week, as
hirelings of Moscow.
A gun battle between the fascists
and police followed. Eleven persons
were killed.
HUDSON
TERRAPLANE
PACKARD
Sales S Service
SERVING THE PUBLIC SINCE 1)2!
STATE MOTORS, Inc.
L. D. LAMBETH, Pres.
Show The Clash Of Opinion On Wage-And-Hour
ftarper in Birmingham Ag'BraA
New Ground'
Forecasts
Col. Leonard P. Ayres, Cleve
land economist: "Business activ
ity will hold up well during the
remaining months of the year."
Bureau of Agricultural Eco
nomics report: "There appears
to be little doubt that we are
still in the advancing phase of
the business cycle."
Bernard G i m b e 1 , merchant:
"Continued gains for depart
ment stores are expected for
the fall, but those who look for
phenomenal gains are likely to
be disappointed."
People
Poisoner For The Poor?
Mrs. Anna Hahn, 31, comely im
migrant mother, was indicted Mon
day in Cincinnati for two murders.
Police said Mrs. Hahn had received
between $50,000 and $70,000 in the
last eight years from elderly Ger
mans, and were investigating deaths
of several of those old folk.
"I know I am innocent of this hor
rible crime." she protested, adding
that her only ambition had been to
have "enough money to take care of
the poor unfortunates, the old people
and the children."
The Racket-Buster Runs
Thomas E. Dewey, ex-choir singer,
is only 35. He went to Gotham from
a little town in Michigan and made
his mark, a big dent, in the under
world's upper crust. Two years ago
he gave up a $50,000-a-year private
law practice for a special f 16,895 job,
prosecuting rackets.
Now he is running for Npw York
county distrjnt attorney. "For 20
years Tammany Hall has controlled
criminal prosecution," Dewey de
clares. "And for 20 years the power
of the criminal underworld has
grown. This alliance must be broken."
Personals
Col. Charles A. Lindbergh was re
ported seeking a home in France.
Former Mayor Jimmy Walker of
New York got a job with the transit
commission which enabled him to
qualify for a city pension.
Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt was in
troduced by one policeman to another
policeman at waterbury. Conn., as
lthe sweetheart of all the world."
8tSJUiAlL Alva v.SA.'5SC,.
iwi'w 11 -
Vord's Theater
Flyers . . . Lost In Arctic
Third Time's Unlucky
Sigismunu Levaneffsky started the
Russians' North Pole hopping game
two years ago. He failed ihen. But to
show he could do it he took off with
five others in a four-motored plane
last week for his country's third as
sault this lummei on the Arctic air
road to America. (The first two were
successful.)
Forty hours passed. That was as
long as his plane was deemed able to
fly. But it contained camping equip
ment and six weeks rations. Faint
radio signals and word from Eskimos
that they had heard plane motors
kept home folk hopeful.
Levaneffsky had flown into Siberia
in '33 to rescue Jimmy Mattern; and
this week Mattern darted 2,600 miles
from Oakland, Calif., to Fairbanks,
Alaska, to join the American and Ca
Oddly Enough
Subway Chicken
O. Henry dubbed New York "Bag
dad on the Subway." Sure enough, a
subway train looked like Bagdad the
other right. For there sat a man
dreamily plucking feathers from a
chicken while murmuring, "She loves
me. she loves me not."
The bird squawked; other passen
gers protested. "I'm not hurting him,"
the man insisted. "I'm a retired bar
ber. I could pluck your eyebrows and
you would go to sleep while 1 was do
ing it."
But they took him to court. "It
takes time to cook a mature bird like
that," he told the judge. "I just
wanted to get the rooster ready be
fore I got home."
Truth Is Stranger . . .
In Action. "Boy meets girl, boy loses
girl, boy gets girl." In reality, ro
mance often has an O. Henry twist
at the end as did this week's Okla
homa true story:
The boy, 19, met the girl, IS. He
lost her for two years when she was
sent to the State Training School for
Girls at Tecumseh. He found her this
summer when the institution's super
intendent let some of the inmates
have dates as an experiment. And he
married her last Sunday so the state
paroled her to him.
'a
n
Legislation
j I
Doyt in PhltaMphl Xnord
1937'
nadian airmen in the hunt for him.
Sir Hubert Wilkins. in New York,
prepared a plane with which to enter
the quest, too.
Levaneffsky also had figured in the
historic rescue of the icebreaker
Chelyushkin's shipwrecked crew in
'34; and Russians promptly planned
another great northern search for him
like that one.
Plane Comes, Plane Goes
Germany'. 19-ton seaplane Nord
meer flew across the Atlantic early
this week, landing at Port Washing
ton, N. Y., just as the Pan-American
Clipper III was being warmed up
there for a flight across in the op
posite direction by the same route.
The American plane then made its
crossing to the Azores with equal
ease.
Coming Up
Sunday
National Rifle Matches open.
Camp Perry, Ohio.
Italy to launch second 35,000
ton battleship, the Littorio.
Aionday
United Autn Workers conven
tion opens, Milwaukee.
Tuesday
Seventh-Day Baptist general
conference opens, Shiloh, N. J.
Labor
Weir Vs. NLRB
Ernest T. Weir, 62. a typical busi
ness man in appearance, heads the
fast growing National Steel Corp., of
which the Weir ton Steel Company is
the biggest unit.
The steelmaster won a tiff with
NRA over his firm's employe-representation
system; this week he was
opposing NLRB with the employe
representatives' aid.
But two former Weirton employes
testified at a hearing in New Cum
berland. W. Va., that they had been
discharged for no. joining the repre
sentation group; another declared a
CIO organizer had been beaten up by
a "hatchet gang."
Senator Rush D. Holt told an antl
CIO rally in Weirton, W. Va., on the
eve of the hearing, that NLRB was
"just no other alphabetical way to
spell CIO."
Working On The Railroads
The five "operating" brotherhoods
of railroadmen (300,000 strong) were
conferring this week with manage
ment representatives. They wanted
wazes raised 20 per cent.
The 14 "non-operating" brother
hoods recently made the same de
mand for their 800,000 members, and
got 5 per cent boosts this month. But
the Illinois Central. Burlington and
Milwaukee announced this increase
in pay necessitated a decrease in em
ployment. Terror Tales
The United Rubber Workers ac
cused the Goodyear Tire & Rubber
Co., at Gadsden, Ala., of "terrorism."
The company, in effect, answered
"ditto." The NLRB has proceeded to
hear the charges and counter charges.
Labor Notes
Maritime lajor disputes continued
along the Atlantic coast.
Manufacturers and CIO leaders
made settlements reducing the ex
tent of the silk strike.
AFL announced it would compete
with CIO for support of agricultural
and white-collar workers.
Five persons were injured in a riot
at the strike-bound National Cooper
age and Woodenwara Co. plant in
Peoria, 111.
Angry
Dragon
JAPAN taunted the Russian
bear early in July about
islands in the Amur on Man.
choukuo's frontier. The bear wai
busy, scratching and pawing spies)
out of his fur. His growl did not
found as though he would fight.
Japan's army then jumped on the
Chinese dragon's tail and quickly
sliced oft the Peiping-Tientsin sec
tion. Japan's navy soon sidled
toward the dragon's head and heart,
Shanghai and Nanking. Then the
angry dragon roared and spat fire.
American, British, French and Ger
man women and children ran for
their lives.
The dragon is so big that in pre
vious bouts the Japanese have been
able to treat him the way fast box
ers handle Primo Camera. But the
dragon's hide is tough from years
of punishment, his head is hot with
hate, and lately he has been im
proving his technique.
So the thousands of mere men
perching on Shanghai rooftops this
week witnessed a first-rate fight
for the heavyweight championship
of the Orient.
Bain Of Death
THIS is what they saw:
Chinese planes slipping out
of clouds to bomb a warship docked
near the Japanese consulate. .
Chinese artillery and infantry rush
ing forward 'o keep the Japanese
from getting a foothold the way
they did in '32. . . . Japanese naval
bombers gracefully wheeling over
the city of 3,500,000 before dump
ing explosives.
Steadily mounting horror. . . .
Fires crackling around oil tanks.
. . . More than 50 Japanese war
ships scurrying up and down the
river, hurling broadsides. . . . Chi
nese rushing and scuttling six Jap
anese steamers to blockade the
Whangpoo. . . . Searchlights pick
ing out targets. . . . Countless bodies
sprawled in the litter of broken
glass and masonry.
U. S. marines and European
soldiers landing hurriedly. , . .
Armored cars driving back hungry
rioters. . . . Hotels and stores barri
caded against looters. . . . Hot steel
raining on the streets. . . . American
women and children going out to
ocean liners- through showers of
anti-aircraft shell fragments and
fire from snipers along shore.
.
Defense At Any Cost
BEFORE the battle was a week
old it was more destructive
than the five-week fight at Shang
hai five years earlier. More than
100,000 men were engaged. About
1,400 non-combatants, including
some Americans, had been slain;
1,600 wounded.
Front lines grew longer; more
men were needed to hold them.
Planes carried the war sparks on
up the Yangtse valley. Japanese
land forces were reported backing
up but not whipped yet.
In North China, meanwhile, the
65,000 Japanese soldiers sitting on
the dragon's tail called in help to
hold it down. Fighting continued
near the great wall. But an under
ground separatist movement, to
make peace with Japan regardless
of the Chinese central govern
ment's stand, gained momentum.
"We are determined to defend our
territory at all costs," said China's
General Chiang Kai-shek despite
the widespread opinion that his
gladiators needed more training
before tackling Japan.
"The Chinese grow presumptu
ous and advance two steps it ths
Japanese concede one," the attack
ing navy growled as it promised
"more effective measures for sell
defense" despite the fact that ths
Tokyo treasury was not in shape
for more than a three-month war
...
American Interests
'po PROTECT Americans, 1,200
X marines were ordered from
San Diego to Shanghai. Congress
was asked for $500,000 for relief
and evacuation work and Manila
prepared to shelter 2,700 refugees.
Senators Nye, Bone and Clark
thought President Roosevelt should
invoke the U. S. neutrality law in
other words, deny American arms,
munitions and loans to both sides.
Commerce Secretary Roper re
ported that in the first five months
of this year Uncle Sam's exports to
Japan were $140,325,000 and sales
to China $26,256,000. Purchases
from Japan totalled $92,392,000 and
from China $51,653,000.
Because the bulk of America's
exports to Japan were cotton and
oil, vast sections of the United
States had a bread-and-butter in
terest in the Asiatic fight. Roper
declared: "We do not wish to sacri
fice any proper trade relationship."
England and France, meanwhile,
joined in proposing a truce.
The League of Nations wondered
what to do if China brought the
matter of Japanese aggression up
when the league council meets in
September.
John Bull Is Annoyed
"This promiscuous sinking of ships
Is getting a bit steep," the British ad
miralty's spokesman remarked this
week regarding the Mediterranean
perils of nevigators. "We are simply
telling the world we will take acuon.
That's (1st. If one of our ships is at
tacked without warning, we will sink
whoever did it Thai s it in a out-shell"