PAGE FOUR
THE BEND BULLETIN
and CENTRAL OREGON PRESS
?cnd BuI,,tln IWeekly) ltma - 11131 Tle lienil bulletin (Dally) EC lill.
rubluhed tv.ry Ailernoun lueept eiunuay and Certain Houuuya by in binJ bulletin
Mb-7. Wall sum Bnj. orei-un
KnUrad aa becuntl Claaa alalter, January 6. 1917; at tha raetottic at Hend, Oreuun.
Under Act of March H, lb,U
EOBEKT W. SAWYEBEditor-MaiiaKr HENHY N. FOWLKIt Aaaociata Editor
PRANK li. LOUUAN AJvcrlumg alaiiaaer
Aa Independent Newspaper Standing- for the Square Deal. Clean Bueine, Clean Politics
and Uia Beat Interest, of Bend and Central UreauD
MEMBER AUDIT BUREAU OF CUMULATIONS
SUBSCRIPTION RATES
By MaU By Carrier
On. Year 16.50 , One Year 17.60
Six Month! 13.26 Sia Month (4.00
three Month $1.80 Ona Month 70
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FaMaa notu ua ot any changa ol addreea or failure to receive tha lapr revularly
OREGON SCHOOL NEEDS
The Oregon constitution states that "The legislative as
sembly shall provide by law for the establishment of a uni
form and general system of common schools." Attention was
called to this section by the proponents of the state school
support measure voted down at the November election and
some argument was made of the obligation thus created. The
funds that would have been provided, had the measure car
ried, would, so the argument ran, have made effective the
intent of the constitution.
Though the fact was hot generally admitted the actual use
intended for this larger school income was the increase of
teacher salaries and, in the opinion of ' many, hope for an
increase in pay was the reuson tor the support of the measure
by teacher organizations. In short, the direction of the con
stitution tha.t a uniform and general system of common'
schools be provided was to be met by higher teacher pay.
Certainly, adequate teacher pay is essential in any school
system but it is by no means the only essential and the fact
is well presented in an article, "Oregon's School District Sys
tem," by Wade DeVries, in the latest issue of "Oregon Busi
ness Review."
After asserting in an opening paragraph that the public
school is the most important state and local government
function in Oregon Mr. DeVries quotes the school section
from the constitution just as did the teachers in their argu
ment in .he voters' pamphlet. Instead, however, of proceeding
to use it in justification for a proposed course of action he
examines the way in which the responsibility has been dis
charged. He asks
(1) Have all boys and girls received equal educational
opportunity? (2) Have the rural schools made wise and
eiliclent use of state and local funds, and of buildings and
transportation facilities? (3) Have the costs of rural schools '
been equitably distributed so as to have the least possible
effect on the management and ownership of property?
To all three questions Mr. DeVries's answer is in the nega
tive. It is in the rural areas where, according to Mr. DeVries,
equal educational opportunities are nqt provided. Out of a
total of 1,8'J8 school districts in the state (in 1943) there
are 220 that have no more than 10 pupils enrolled. There are
666 districts that maintain only one-room schools. "Most
cducutors will admit," the writer says, "that the educational
opportunities in a one-room school of 10 or 20 pupils are
usually very limited, and that the best teachers cannot be
hired." He then says : '
There are 58 third-class districts which maintain high
schools at great sacrifice; and yet most of those schools
are not accredited 'by the Northwest Association of Sec-
ondary Schools and Colleges, because the accrediting offi-
clals believe that the enrollment and faculty are too small to
maintain proper educational standards. Eleven of these lilyli
schools have an average daily altendmice ot 5 to 15, and
only one of them has as many as (JO.
The facts presented in the article regarding the costs and
efficiency of Oregon school governments are more damning
than those as to educational opportunity. Here are para
graphs from the article on that subject :
With the grpat number of small district governments,
standards in educational costs can hardly be established.
'1 he cost per child is bound to vary greatly when the number
of children per voluntary teacher varies as much as tram
2 to -10. liy county averages, grade- and high-school costs
combined ranged from $81 to $278 per pupil In 1!)I2. High
school costs in third-class districts range up to $t0u per
pupil and more. By comparison the cost In (Jrant High School
in Portland is only $115.6;).
The Job of supervising the financial as well as the educa
tional activities of these multitudinous local governments Is
very difficult. There arc spvvn counties in the slate with over
100 separate and Independent school governments each, l.nne
County has 134. The great number ol districts and the small
field from which to select coinpenlent board membeis in
many of the districts increases the probability of wasle and
ineiliciency. There arc over H,(KX) scnool board members and
clerks in the state. They aie more numerous than the
teachers. Anal sis may show that In some cases small
schools are necessary lor the convenience ot the pupils, but
small schools need not Imply small districts.
The lack of financial responsibility to local conslilutenls
is another cause ol inefficiency. In 1SH1 there were 4N(j dis
tricts which did not find it necessary to levy a lax upon t he
property owners of the school district. A great many of
inese were suspended districts, i.e., they maintained no
school but used siate and county funds received lo send their
children lo the school of some other district over which tliey
had no financial or educational control, lit hers avoided a dis
trict school-tax levy because of the peculiar application of
the apportionment of slate and county grants, or ly reducing
Hie teacher's salary ai)d oilier costs at the expense ol educa
tional standards. '1 lit? number of such "no tax" districts fell
to 3 17 in l'JKI, but increased lo ti04 in l'.MI, largely as n result
of increased apportionments of utatc funds.
In the matter of cost distribution Mr. DeVries finds a
wide variance between districts. Let us quote again:
Sometimes the boundaries run back into the mountains
or desert 30 or 40 miles lrom the schoolhouse. line district
in Harney County includes territory over 100 airline miles
from the schoolhouse. By this delineation of boundaries, re
mote and nearby property is allocated to the support of one
particular school. It is possible by a system of queer and un
natural boundaries to allot taxable properly to each district
according to need. Such an allocation does not remain equi
table lor long, however. The tax base changes. Timber burns
or is cut. Property is forfeited to the county for mm payment
of taxes. The need for hinds changes. New industries move
in or industries move out, causing a change in I ho need lor
local school revenue, lint school district boundaries are not
- so flexible.
Some third-class districts are 300 times as able to support
MYSTERY FAN
FmiJ'nln nmiMiiu. Ijona Island Citu.
Francliincd Uulllcr: I'cpsi-Cola Uuttliitti Co. of UaiJ.
N.
a school as others. One third-class district In Clackamas
County has $2,205,000 of assessed valuation and a district
tax levy In 1944 of only $648.25, at the rate of .3 of a mill. .
This large amount of taxable property supports an elemen
tary school with an enrollment of only three pupils. What a
waste of good tax base! The only contribution of the property
toward the support of elementary education is through a
small county school library tax. Thirty per cent of all scnool
districts levied no tax in 1944. In the remaining districts
school property-tax rates ranged up to 393 mills in 1944,
up to 6 mills for 1941.
For the correction of the evils that he describes Mr.
DeVries proposes administrative reorganization. Summariz
ing he says that
Reorganization should enable the school electors to provide
In an orderly and democratic fashion: (1) for a more nearly
equalized educational opportunity for the pupils now residing
in tliird-class school districts; (2) for a wiser and more effi
cient use of state and local school funds, and of buildings
and transportation facilites; and (3) for the elimination of
excessive and unstable school tax loads on property.
There was a report in the
to raise more money for Oregon schools. It seems to us that
all who are sincerely interested in the schools of the state
and particularly in the school children would be doing more
for the cause by undertaking the correction of the evils
pointed out by Mr. DeVries than by concentrating on plans
intended to make higher salaries possible.
Washington
Column
By Peter Edson
INI. A Staff Correspondent)
French people still have a num
ber of misconceptions about the
United States and the American
war effort which the psychologi
cal warfare division of the army
and the office of war Information
are trying to correct, says Edward
W. Barrett, director of OWI's
overseas division, just back from
an inspection trip in England,
France, Luxembourg and Bel
gium. One of the OWI jobs has been
to run a public opinion survey
group to keep abreast of what the
French think about the Yanks and
from these analyses it has been
learned that sizable elements of
the population believe such things
as that German war prisoners' are
coddled In the United States since
they have a better and softer life
than the average Frenchman;
that the present shortages of coal,
food and clothing for the French
civil population are unnecessary
or are being deliberately held
back; that there are large num
bers of U. S. troops in Paris who
are somehow responsible for the
shortages; and that Americans
are-still barbarians with no regard
for the finer things of life.
a a a
Part of the difficulty in France
today is that the country is still
a lot of isolated communities.
Electric power is limited, broad
casting is limited, communication
service of all kinds are limited and
there is a shortage of newsprint.
To fill gaps in the lack of infor
mation until the French can gel
going again is a big part of thet
job of the allied psychological
warfare division of Joint British
American civilian-military author
ities working with the French
government and trying to meet
Us requests.
Fourteen radio programs from
Now York, nine from London plus
four more relayed by British
Broadcasting Corporation, are
beamed at the French in French
by medium and short wave.
Crowds of KIK) an hour have
been visiting 'Since 193;)," an ex
hibition of news photographs set
up in Paris.
a e
"Choix," a British-A m o r I c a n
Reader's Digest in French, goes
out 250,000 copies a month. "Voir,"
an OWI Look-type picture week
ly, goes out 120.000 copies a week.
The French government has ask
ed that circulation be stepped up
to three millions and the price
raised from fO to 25 cents to make
sure they'll got to the most influ
ential people. Bui the only .sources
or paH'r would be to cut down on
It. S. publications, so that's out. A
million copies of the Life like slick
paper. "Victory" magazine, print
ed in U. S. A., haven't been deliv
ered because of shipping shortage.
A million cheap, paper back, pocket-size
book reprints Include such
titles as Glow's "Report I' ram In
kyo." Sletlinius's "lease-Lend."
the Marshall, King and Arnold re
ports, selections lrom l-anie 1'yie.
All these magazines and books are
sold and will pay for themselves,
says Barrett.
Bend Couple Back
From East States j
Mr. and Mrs. E. R. Ryan return-;
eit lo Bond yesterday afternoon
after two years of traveling that
have taken them lo most parts ol
the linked States. They are.
house guests of Mrs. Stella P.!
! Range. I
The Rvans.camc here from Cor !
, vallis where they spent C'hirstmasi
with their son, C'pl. Robert Ky.m.
jand his wife, who resides there.
, Cpl. Ryan, a graduate of Bend
high school, entered the service In
! June. 1SM2, after completing throe
i years at I', of O. He is at present
stationed with a company of engi-
HORNBECK
Typewriter Co.
Authorized Agent for
ROYAL
. Sales and Service
Koytypt KihlHHiH anil CarlHiti
It. 1. Alli-o Aiding Mat'hiiits
All Makes T rwriters
SrrvlctMl
Phone 12 122 Oregon Ave.
THE BEND BULLETIN, BEND, OREGON, WEDNESDAY, JAN. 3.
news last week of a new plan
neers at the army ordnance prov
ing grounds, Aberdeen, Md.
Mr. and Mrs. Ryan, who resided
at 223 St. Helen's place, Bend, fori
23 years, left here two years ago
following Ryan's retirement after
35 years in The Shevlin-Hixon
years
Company office. They went first
to Vermont where they spent
several months visiting Ryan's
relatives. They then went to
Minneapolis to visit Mrs. Ryan's
folks and later spent some timwin
California, Baltimore and other
places.
War Briefs
(By United Press)
Western Front German rein
forcements pour into northern
and southern flanks of Ardennes
salient to meet full scale offen
sive by American First and Third
armies.
Pacific B-29 Superfortresses
bomb Japanese production centers
of Osaka, Nagoya and Hamamat
su in opening blow of 1945 offen
sive against enemy s homeland.
Eastern Front Counterattack
ing German armored and infantry
divisions lash at Red army lines !
northwest of Budapest In attempt
to reseue 80,000 nazi trapped in
capital. ,
Air War American planes
bomb Germany for 12th consecu
tive day afler Brtish night raiders
hit rail and industrial targets at
Berlin, Nurnberg and Ludwig
shafen. Italy American raiding parties
and patrols stab into enemy posi
tions at various points along Fifth
army front. , 1
POTATO WEIGHS 7 LBS. '
Bonham, Tex. Ul'i Farmer Ern
est Chaffin is exhibiting the "king
of sweet potatoes." The yam
weighs seven pounds - and four
ounces, and weasuring 21 '.i inch
es around the short way and 26
Inches the long way.
At the
Piulctte Goddard and Sonny Tufa ire Kirred in the romintic corned).
"I love A Soldier," with Deulah Bondi and Barry Firegcrald.
Now, Accomodations for 120 Persons
DOWNING HOTEL
announces the annexation of the Bond Street
Hotel modern sleeping rooms with entrance
through our lobby.
We thank our patrons for their past pat
ronage, and will endeavor to give the finest
possible service in the future.
MR. and MRS. EARL WOODS
Taxi Phone 210 Hotel Phone 39
FRECKLES AND HIS FRIENDS
WEl.L.firt irifJ I
MARY.
I GOTTA GO
GIVE
UP
OUT AMD
QUE-REFORM
SEE IF I
CAN BREAK
INTO A
CAMPAIGN iS
WHERE ;T STARTED!
MEQrV
SESSION
y.
PCI
r
OweaCe..
1941
A DAI Ir. A WliGlM.V
FLANTEIi'S LIFE (1718)
III
When breakfast was over Swain
and Randall delayed their depar
ture to play a game of billiards
and to have a long and meaning
less talk with a music master who
had come out from the village to
tunc a spinet that stood in the
large hall, or living room.
They were both saturated with
the spirit of leisure which was an
outstanding quality of life in co
lonial Virginia. In this respect
Puritan Iew England and Vir
ginia were far apart. The Puri
tans were tense, nervous, indus
trious and so reluctant to waste
time that they labored even when
there was nothing to do.
The Virginians were placid,
friendly, lazy and pleasure-loving.
They did not mind if time were
wasted, for they had learned from
experience that many a tning
that ought to be done today could
wait
until tomorrow without
; harm.
Their sense of hospitality was
s remarkable that one may
search the files of history in vain
for a parallel. In the Jstn cen
tury,' a stranger in Virginia, if he
were decent and well-behaved,
might have lived for a year with
out any expense for board and
lodging, simply by moving from
one locality to another and al
lowing the inhabitants of the vari
ous places to entertain him as a
guest;
This desire to entertain stran
gers showed itself in some rather
astonishing ways. There are re
corded instances ol Virginia gen
tlemen waiting on horseback on a
well-traveled road for the purpose
of intercepting wayfarers and in
viting these travelers to come
home with them as guests. The
Virginia inns complained fre
quently that they could make no
money because most of the trav
elers who passed through the
neighborhood were entertained,
without charge, at private homes.
Edward Swain and Henry Ran
dall did not leave Williamsburg
until 10 o'clock. About a dozen
yards behind them rode their two
servants on shaggy farm horses.
Swains man, Dave Pottle, was
white, blond and Welsh by birth.
He was an indentured servant
who had still two years to serve
before his freedom was due.
Swain had bought him from a
ship captain in 1708 for 2,500
pounds of tobacco, which covered
the cost of his passage from Bris
tol, the money value of which
was around 12 pounds sterling.
To repay this debt David had
been indentured for seven years.
Upon his release from service his
master would give him, accord
ing to the Vu-ginia law, 50 acres
of land, two suits of clothing, a
felt hat, 12 bushels of corn meal
and a gun worth 20 shillings.
Randall's servant was a Negro
slave, a native of Africa, alert
and quick and unusually intelli-
Capitol
I
SORR.Y I CAN'T SNAP
I
AT A HAM&UREe. WITH
SOU, FRECK. TN
HELPING THE
MOVERS
1 W OlV' I
1945
WAY OUR PEOPLE
t tt rt-m i
mi
gent. He was about 25 years
old,
and had been in America for f lore
than 10 years. As he had ever
worked in the fields, but hau al
ways been a house boy, he spoke
English remarkably well.
Mathew, or Mat, took tare ol
his master's clothes and saddle
horses. The garments of a gen
tleman, in that period of Virginia
history, required a great deal ol
attention, lor they were expen
sive and made of delicate fabrics.
The greater part of Mat's time
was given to them. He aad be
come a fairly competent journey
man tailor, and could roake re
pairs in the garments.
Henry Randall's suits, lire those
of many Virginia gentlemen of
that era, were made in London.
Every Virginian of mean? had an
English tailor who kept his meas
urements on file and apo knew
his tastes in clothing. An order
for a suit took from thre to five
months to fill, on account of the
long ocean voyage boh ways.
There were some tailors in Vir
ginia, but it seems that the high
er social class did not patronize
them.
The usual costume of men of
wealth and authority fonsisted of
knee breeches made- of broad
cloth, velvet or silk; a vest of
colored silk usually green or
scarlet; and a coat of broadcloth.
The vest was long ir front and
tight fitting. The crat reached
nearly to the knee.i and was
square-cut, with larjje pockets,
ft was usually dark-biUe or black,
but other colors sue" as scarlet,
brown and green --were also
worn. A gentleman'!! clothes had
buttons of silver o;' brass; men
of lower rank had wooden but
tons. Shirts were of white linen,
with lace ruffles on the bosom
and at the wrists. The well-
OWL PHARMACY
Hot Water Bottle . $1.00
Flamingo
riumingo
Fountain Syringe
. $1.18
Sicritc Gauge Pidi.
Retuljr to use for cut,
brtsicms. Handy ippli.
citors for baby oils, lo
liou.
STERI-PADS iSSi rr-Kr I
STCFtl-PADS ? S1EBIPAK
SS 23c ft-u
BAND-AID
THI (Jo&monao&tuoK'
ADHESIVE BANDAGE
Rdrmide idhetive
:M (ratafee for snuU
cuts, fthnuiooik
23c
Tincture
IODINE, 15c - 25c
- BUY WAR BONDS -
. VANCE T.COYNER'S
Mow
COME,
j i
Well, we re vuov-1
ING OUT OP 429
WILLOW STREET,
AND THE OUNTLEVS
ARE MOVING OUT
PEG? A
PEG?
Mi
-era
ay NtA Semce, Im.
dressed man wore silk stockings, Arguing that a $50 fine "would
usually red in color, and boots not d0 much good" in stopping
with wide, spreading tops. But gambiing in Bend, Police Chief P.
these clumsy boots were not worn A Thomas urges the city commis
all the time. On bright, clear days s,on t0 alter the ordinance and
the gentleman wouia appeal
and indoors at home
he wore soft leather slippers. The
head covering was a large, wide
brimmed felt hat which carried a
plume. In cold or rainy weather
a cloak was worn. There were no
overcoats.
The habit of wearing wigs
never became as popular in Vir
ginia and the southern colonies
as it was in New England; never
theless wigs were common
enough. Nearly all men of au
thority, or distinction, or wealth,
wore them. '
Both Randall and Swain were
wig-wearers. Randall had adopt
ed the fashion because he was
partly bald and he thought that
a fine, bushy wig would not only
conceal his baldness but give him
also an air of dignity. Swain's
reason was altogether different
He detested wigs, but he wore
them because Governor Spots-
wood was a wig-wearer, and he
wanted the governor to have a
good opinion of him.
(To Be Continued)
Fire Investigation
Billed for Salem
Salem, Ore., Jan. 3 uri An in
vestigation is under way here to
day in an attempt to determine
the cause of the fire which last
Sunday destroyed a major part of
the Blue Lake producers cannery
here, with a loss of nearly $1,000,
000. There is some speculation that
the fire might have been of in
cendiary origin.
Thermos Bottle $1.25
,., rim) Size
Hot Wafer Bottle ...60c
For
Pkg. 60c
$2.00
f " y N
r-1
Bend's Yesterdays
FIFTEEN YEARS AGO
(r'rom The BuUetiA Files)
(Jan. 3, 1930)
impose a $ouu line,
ri T. Kreeness. city treasurer
of Bend, resigns to become United
Press telegrapner ior ine uuue
tin. ,, ,
Geoge . rteaaen, central uic-
eon's "Pastor of the Pines," leaves
for San Francisco and central Cal
ifornia on a lecture tour.
Fire Chief Tom canon rcpuita
that fire losses in Bend for 1929
totalled 520,uuu.
George P. Gove is re-elected for
the second time to serve as Bend's ,
mayor. . , , . 4 A
Bend's Kiwanis club plans bet
terment of Harmon playfield.
O W. Grubb is announced the
winner of the 1929 merit contest
in the Bend lire department, and
receives a $100 award.
Df John Barr, Redmond, mem
ber of the Deschutes county .libra
ry board, visits in Bend.
Mrs. Ben Morris, 375 East Em
erson street, had as a house guest
over the holidays, Miss Violet
King, of Portland.
Mr. and Mrs. William Clark are
Bend callers from the Shevlin-
Hixon camp.
SKUNK STARTS CLEAN UP
Kearney, Neb. (U'i Water Supt.
Ralph Lancaster had to drain the
city reservoir and clean the water
mains recently. Lancaster report
ed to the city council that two
boys had caught a skunk near the
end of the drain pipe from the
reservoir. The end of the pipe is
some 300 feet from the reservoir.
Neverthless, scores of citizens
called the water superintendent's
office complaining about a vile
odor in the water.
Thermat Chemical
Heat Pads
$1.25
Refills Sac
Baby
McKESSON'S
tDAROL
SYRUP for COUGHS
for Hoanene
Hanh and TidJlag
Couglii
cfu. to cofai
Ocrof Captvl (20't) 49t
McKESSON'S
S0RET0NE
The money bach
guaranteed local
application jor
Athlete's Foot and
other joot discomforts
Small Site LargtSixs
47 89
McKESSON'S BEXEL
Potent,
trustworthy
VMjeeaiBC
401 98
W1.98
2"$4.23
Bv MERRILL BLOSSER