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The Bend Bulletin
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Knsre M Second Class matter January
Ik hit, M tM rt Office at Bend. Orecon.
Act of March a. 1S78.
KOBRRT W. SAWYER Edltar-Manaa-er
HENRY N. FOWLEH Associate B.lttor
FRED A. WOELFLEN..Arivrtllntt Manaarr
C H. SMITH Circulation Manaiicr
RALPH SPENCER Mechanical Sul't.
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The. Bend Bulletin.-
SATURDAY,
AUGUST 21, 1920.
THE TIMBER CUT
.It' calf ba'Mpected, according to
the report of the forest .service on
timber depletion, that the lumber
tat for the Pacific coast states,, as a
whole, will increase very materially
during the next 10 years. ."A grad
nal rise in logging costs is Inevitable
as the more accessible Btands are cut
and It becomes necessary to extend
operations to the more mountainous
logging chances. The timber re
'sources of the Pacific coast states are
very large, but it would be unwise to
overestimate them, for much less
than the total stand Is readily avail
able. Existing transportation facili
ties to the East are already overbur-
dened with present traffic, and they
will have to be very materially In
creased to meet the probable reduc
tion In eastern and southern lumber
cut during the next 10 years."
Although the Pacific coast states
have large amounts of timber, the
;report points out that they will be
called : on to . supply Increasing
amoiint.s .of lumber for the whole
country. The danger is that, like
other forested regions, they will be
considered "inexhaustible," until it
itf'too late. .While the government
has established a number of national
forests In these states which are de
voted to growing timber, other meas
ures are necessary to prevent deple
tion' of the Pacific coast forests. By
lonowlcg the plan adopted by the
forest service of cutting in such a
way that, the forest is perpetuated, It
is possible to avoid the destruction
of jfoVest's"that has taken place in
New England the Lake States and
.the southern pine region, and to keep
the land which is unfit for cultiya-
lion .producing timber. As a first
.step, protection of the forests from
sfjre. by the government, states and
.private owners is essential, the report
eays.. .,
i it O aVWaIt Matan A r-O
Woe In The West
A deadly blight is sweeping along the Western
blope, and men give way to weeping and say fare
well to hope. And heartsick wives and daughters
beneath those azure skies look out upon the waters
with hard and stony eyes. The children, they are
wailing, their little bosoms sore, while in the dust
they're trailing the toys they use no more.' There's
moaning in the cabin, there s groaning in the hall ;
the future's bleak and drab in the eyes of one and
all. The daughters of affliction are crouched be
neath the stars, and in the choicest diction they
cuss their stranded cars. The tourist shakes his
talon at heaven with a snort, for, when he'd buy a
gallon he only gets a quart. In vain the plute is
waving his wad of good long green, and futile is
his raving he can't get gasoline. , "flo gas !" The
sign x is-hanging, from stations everywhere, with
travelers haranguing the dealers in despair. Talk
not of grief or sorrow, of troubles you have seen,
till you can't buy or borrow a quart of gasoline !
Talk not of fortunes cruel,- oh, vain and piffling
man,' till you can't buy the fuel to push your big
sedan ! Speak not to me of anguish, of pain of any
sort, until you wait and languish two days to get
a quart!
to distinguish, by the drill cuttings.
basalt and basalt gravel. The for
mer would be the more favorable.
and the latter has been named with
a view to keeping the record conservative.
Hole No. 8 (1919 series), Brooks-
Scanlon Lumber company; 100 feet
deep; on the eastern flow of the Co
lumbia basalt, and near the proposed
flow line. This hole appears to pass
through the great. basalt into under
lying volcanic ash and lapllli. i
I No water was lost above 27 feet,
but at this depth a crevice was
reached In which the drill water
seeped away. At 37 feet this hap
pened again. From 38 to 43 the
hole held water, and at 45 withstood
a pressure of 650 feet. From 70 to,
80 the rock holds water well. At 95 1
which have completely . sealed and
practically obliterated the' ancient
gorge, and sealed, also, the adjacent
valley floor to the upper limit of Its
flooding. . What the cxnet elevation
of this early flow line may have been
Is not readily determined, ; but II
could hardly have been less than the
original eleyutlon of Benltam falls.
Subsequent' erosion has, ho doubt,
removed this mantle, In large part,
from the higher and steeper, slopes,
but over the broad bottom It exists
almost Intact to the extreme "head of
the prospective reservoir. Jt Is most
likely to be deficient on the upper
lateral slopes neur the lower
downstream end of the buslo, and It
was largely in the hope of strength
eulng the evidence In this part of th
field that the ground water observa
BED OF RIVER
" WATER TIGHT
(Continued from Page 1.)
tions were made. It la horn thnt
iee. ne arm aroppea irom ine so.ta ( rock olUcrop8 are mo9t , evidence
.u.u um u but we ,ook , vain for any no(e
i Hr n it ii inn wilier ri inh in i n nfiit . .
" ' " . wormy developments - or - pressure
UUUUL o IWI, BU111UI11B HI oo icei. At rMpa fleunroa nr- nth.. ,n , (ntl
I " ' " " " ......... u.i
, of structural weakness and urobablo
a Infllravii An u.n.t.ll.i Ul
fact Is the absence from the entire
area of the proposed reservoir of vol
canic vents, with their hnlnfnl rnril
A review of the data thus far pre-'atlng fiHgure8i Laya butte aB(J
black sand, In which there was
heavy flow of water. , The lower and '
older (western) basalt was entered'
at 61 feet. , " I
sented seems to lead to the conclu
sion that there is for the Benham
falls district no fixed and definite
water table, but we find, rather, a
broad valley, with a series of irregu
lar false bottoms, or levels, above
each of which the water Is In evi
dence, and below which it Is lost.
disan-DearinaT. 1n eeneral. bv hor!-!
zontal more than by vertical Ctv.
butte being the only vents that are
The main reliance, apparently, must
be upon the integrity or impennoa-
even approximately included.
To summarize: The burled Des
chutes gorge, above the upper limit
of its closing by the Lav butto flow.
may be regarded as absolutely sealed
and proof against leakage, even un
der the head of a full reservoir, and
the basalt floor of the valley, on
either side of the ancient go:ge, may
be regarded with very nearly th
:same degree of confidence, its seani.i
I Lift... . 1 II m I . .,,
caused, a partial loss of water be-'"' .? " . , being , to a very large extent, covered
tweenvi0 and 50 feet. Through the ' " ,., , , , , . V and 8eaIed y tne la,eraI extension of
solid upper or eastern basalt at 65 , rill is seldom, lost near the sur- ; lhe lmpervloug 8e(1ImenU of tho
feet; reached the ground water at 75 I ,, , .. ., - , gorge and further sealed by the re
feetapproximately 25 feet below the!
river level, and continue in ifto the
bottom of the hole, at 113 feet. This,
also, 'is a good record. Especially
significant is the discordance of wa
ter level in the hole and in the river,
testifying, as it does, to the essential
tightness of the river bed. In this
connection it is important to note
a blanket over the surface, and more;
siduary soil resulting from the dt-
" " """i composition of the basalt and of vol
and seams arliacent to the surface. . .
Probably both Spring river and
Fall river Issue from collapsed tun
nels near the base of the old (west
ern) Columbia basalt.
The preceding notes, which migh
be considerably or almost indefinite-
fhat tha fcn t CAICIIUCU, DUIIICB LIJ &IIUW Lllttt lilt;
.nrf CZ, T":f: .. .IC""B, D'Sneri immediate floor of the proposed res-
f7hiihi0 '':' , ' l"K, srouna' es-,ervoir consists, practically through
uuiorurauie COnQlllOn , . i . .ii .,,
tomlte, clay, silt, and other water-
laid sediments; or, nt least, that It
embraces a sufficient amount of
such materials, and of residuary clay,
due to the decomposition of the bas
alt, volcanic ash, etc., to insure the
water-tightness of the reservoir,
To begin with, or as a foundation
for the reservoir, we have the great
Columbia basalt the older flow on
the western slope and the newer flow
on the eastern slope.. This formation
Is abundantly stable and tight, ex
cept for the seams resulting from Its
prismatic Joint structure, and these
may be assumed to become tighter
ir not fewer, with depth. Through
this basalt, but chiefly through. the
older, weaker, western flow, the an
cient Deschutes river cut its gorge
and, possibly, to a notable depth Into
the underlying detritus (ash and la
pllli, sand and gravel), of highly per
meable, water-bearing character, al
though the great rhyollte dike must
have retarded the canyon making. At
this juncture came the Lava butte
eruption, effectively damming the
Deschutes gorge in the latitude of the
rhyollte dike and converting the up
per gorge and basin Into a natural
reservoir or lake, In which, during
the'lapse of some thousands of years.
have been deposited the sediments,
largely of an impalpable character,
that otherwise would not exist.
Weak Spot Found. -Hole
No. 3 (1919 series), 50 feet
deep; near the eastern flow line
(4200 :feet). No water lost above
11 feet1 nor below 40 feet, but be
tween) these depths the basalt (Co
lumbia eastern) is seamy and the wa
ter escaped. The true ground wa
ter, or water table, was not reached,
according to the record, although it
is not quite clear that the water
table is wanting below 40 feet. Evi
aentiy, however, our main reliance
tor the tightness of this part of the
reservoir floor must be the packing
or me seams of the basalt with the
superficial clay soil.
oie io. 4 (1919 series), 8 feet
deep; half mile west of Big river, in
section 13; western Columbia basalt.
Water was reached at 1 feet, about
12 feet below the proposed flow
line, and a good flow obtained at 8
.feet. This is evidently the true wa
ter table.
. Hole No. 6 (1919 series), 22
feet deep; the east side flow line, in
basaltic sand and gravel. Water
I reached at' 20 feet and bed-rock at
22 feeV On the face of the record
thlg boring represents a weak snot
In the floor of the reservoir,. and one
that may well be more fully Investi
gated. It la difficult In some cases
canlc ashes spread over It In succes
sive eruptions. f
Tho Diim Kites.
In view of all that precedes, a .brief
consideration of this Important topic
will suffice. The most cursory ex
amlnation of the problem shows that
Iron in the Breeze
You can keep as cool and
fresh while ironing electrically
as though sitting on the porch.
Iron . on the porch, too, If
you want to Electrically.
No heat from a stove
Heat's In tho Iron only.
Few women aro without Elec
tric Irons. Are you?
I'hone 551
Iron will be nt your homo
within an hour.
l
Bend Water, Light &
' Power Co.
the dam mtiHt tlo to tho rhyollta ridge
for at leant ono of its abutments. The
one chance to utIIUe'tne rhyollte for
both abtitutuiitH la to place tha duni
in the notu'n through which tho river
pours at the hotul of Donhuin falls.
Horn wo have minimum length ami
helKJit und tho moat Idonl formation
of the region for the untlro founda
tion. This location Is sure to ap
peal strongly to the new-comer, und
it Is wit hg rent reluctance that we
nl ii ml on it for other and lux Ideal
sites. '
The chief objection to this site
nre; First, that a dam of adequate
helttht for the desired atorage would
turn tho impounded water over the
new lava of tho Lava lull to (low, and
It appears Incredible (hut tho luv.i
can bo either high enough or tight
enough to meet tho domain!. Sec
ond, wo know that tho water of tho
Deschutes river Is now stealing away
from Its open channel Into tho an
clent channel filled with the"'brlck
bat" lava, and wo cannot doubt that
for tho present, at least, tho eleva
tion of tho wator surface would in
crease this loss, although there Is
room to doubt whether, even under
the head of a full reservoir, tho loss
would be sorloiiH, or a high percent
age of the entire flow of .the river.
One difficulty, with this argu
ment lies In the apparent fact that.
since the river begun to follow Its
present course, it has deepened the
notch at the head of Ilenham falls
by 30 and, possibly, by 40 foot. In
other words, even with this greater
n end nsurriclont amount of wuter
went over the fulls to accomplish
this erosion since the Lava butte
eruption.
Obviously, If this promising site
Is tondemnod, as apparently It must
be, Its rejection must rost mainly
upon the fact thnt a dam 30 or 40
feet high would not. give tho re
quisite storage, and a higher dam.
say 50 or 60 fcotAould so far over
top the lava flow as to bo, without
question, absolutely hopeless.
Failing to get n dam with two
rhyollte abutments, we proceed to
pass In review tho proposed sites
having one rhyollte abutment. Pro
ceeding upstream, wo come first to
Bite "13," above the abandoned
bridge and on the extremity of the
southern sulleift of the rhyollte
ridge. The difficulties of this site
are: First, the rhyollte salient Is
narrow, fissured and craggy, lacking
solidity ot the Ilenham falls
lodge. Second, the opposite or right
bluff is the new lava, which linre,
also, Is hopelessly lucking In elevn
llnn. Third, the old gorge la almost
entirely filled with tho shutlvrnd
brickbat" luva, Into which Iho wu
ter of tliu river Is visibly auraplng,
und It Is extremely doubtful If n rea
sonably tight dam would hn n possi
bility hero.
Somewhat similar objections hold
ngulnst dam silo "IV Tho craggy
rhyollln ulmtuioiit Is OHHeutlutly tliu
Ha mo. llelng farther from tho now
luva, it is Iohh In evidence, but Iho
gorge Is partly filled with tho "brick
but" typo, Tho right bluff Is the
newer Columbia basalt, tho name us
ut dam slto "A", but some DO feet
lower in elevation.
At dam site "A" tho rhyallto Is
olid und bold on tho left and lite
newer Columbia bnsnlt rises to tho
full height of tho proposed flow Una
(4200 feel) on tho right. Every
thing considered, "A" appear to be
tho most advantageous of nil Iho
suggested sites, lly going farther
upstream, wo should Ioho In the ele
vation of tho bluffs, first of the bas
alt and later of the rhyollto, and
thero could be no Improvement in
the bed of Iho river, since tho bor
lugs show, as fur upstream ns they
extend, that erosion has cut through
tho busiilt. This Is, qulto cortulnly,
a practicable dum alto. Hut, lucking
a rock bottom, It Is not, evidently,
adapted to a inusonry dum, but rath
er to some typo of earth dum.
(To bo continued.)
Rtfinai-kabl Menu.
A groiiv i,f New. Voi'iiers dlneil the
iiIIiit day mi soiiifl eiirloiiH iIUIich.
They were octiipu aoiip, rock end from
New Zealand, l'"UHl IiiviihI of penguin,
pens fiiiin AivciiUiiii, sen elephant cut
lets unit siiluiN iiuiile from endives
lirovvii In Tnaimiiil, All the llsli und
men In served ut (lie meal had been
fio.en two year before In the south
ens und Mere lU'euulil north to show
bow great mid how vurled a food sup
ply Hie iiulnri'lle continent can fur-iiInIi,-
Youth's Companion.
Dlmeniloni of Million,
A wuy im' reuilKlug Die meaning nf
a million, uiinont na good n counting
chcHthJI blossoms, lu think of wlint
It means In Hun. Few people rei.t
lr.e that there lire lcs tlmn u million
dnys In the whole I'lirlsllnu era; In
fact, If we remit buck n million iluy
from lti-0 we come to a dale well be
fore Hn, fmiiiillnif nf Home, while a
million hours would take us buck al
umni to I he luillle of TnifulKiir,
Llvo bucking ennlesls at Road
llullders' picnic, Tuu-Ilur ranch, Hun
day. You're Invited. 03-OCp
Wilson Ccorjfc Orchestra
will glvo n Herlnt of (Innrm at tlin
gyniiinaliini, Ixvlniilng Wotlnrwlny
night, Aug. "I5. Tickets) a I and tn.
IjiiIIi ronnHiiHtnry. Ally.
the
tiiej;
"Little Brown Church"
Methodist Episcopal j
Come Tomorrow
The Pastor
Will Preach
11:00 a. m, 8:00 p. m.
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Possession of The Cheney will bring lasting
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MA GILL & ERSKINE, Local Representatives
aV