Page 6A
TV TIME
East Oregonian
Wednesday, May 24, 2017
Whale of a mystery solved? How they got so big
WASHINGTON (AP) — Scientists
think they have answered a whale of a
mystery: How the ocean creatures got
so huge so quickly.
A few million years ago, the largest
whales, averaged maybe 15 feet long.
That’s big, but you could still hold a
fossil skull in two hands.
Then seemingly overnight, one type
of whale — the toothless baleens —
became huge. Modern blue whales get
as big as 100 feet, the largest creatures
ever on Earth. Its skull is now bigger
than a minivan and could probably
fit more than five people inside,
researchers said.
“We really are living in the time of
giants,” said study co-author Nicholas
Pyenson of the Smithsonian Natural
History Museum. “Why is that?”
And it happened “in the blink of
an evolutionary eye,” which makes it
harder to figure out what happened,
said Graham Slater at the University of
Chicago, lead author of the study.
Their study has proposed an answer:
Ice ages in the last 3 to 5 million years
started it, changing the oceans and food
supply for whales.
The researchers used fossil records
AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais
Former CIA Director John Brennan testifies on Capitol
Hill Tuesday before the House Intelligence Committee
Russia Investigation Task Force.
Hands off U.S. election,
ex-CIA director says
he warned Russia
Wednesday Morning
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52 Rap/ New Year's Terror" Wars
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< +++ The Day After Tomorrow (2004,
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< +++ The Outlaw
AMC
60 Action) Jake Gyllenhaal, Ian Holm, Dennis Quaid. retirement and forms a group to fight a gang of unruly outlaws.
Josey Wales
Tanked! "Shark Buffet" Tanked! "Shark Byte" Tanked: Sea-lebrity "Pranked and Tanked" (N) Tanked! "Roll With it"
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24 Tanked!
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CMT
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SportsCenter
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the day in sports through his unique perspective.
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66 The Five
Chopped
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Cooks vs. Cons
FOOD
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A&E
WEEK
Bethany Newtson
PREMIUM
Griswold High School
NIGHT OWL
STATION
PBS ABC NBC CBS FOX
2801 St. Anthony Way, Pendleton, OR • 541-276-5121
6:30
Baleen whales, which have no teeth,
feed by gulping tremendous amount
of ocean, filtering out the water and
eating the critters they capture. Toothed
whales, like sperm whales, hunt
individual fish or squid, so the ocean
changes that made food less evenly
spread out didn’t affect them as much.
But baleen whales hunt schools of fish
or swarms of krill, Pyenson said.
“If you are a whale, the easiest way
to take advantage of dense but sparsely
available resources is to get big,” Slater
said. “If you are big, you basically can
get more miles to the gallon.”
Baleen whales went from 15 to 100
feet in about the same time as humans
evolved, he said.
Olivier Lambert at the Royal
Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences,
who wasn’t part of the study, calls it
“a really convincing scenario.” But he
said the lack of fossils in certain time
periods is an issue.
As oceans warm from man-made
climate change, the seas will be more
like it was when the whales were
smaller and they will have a more diffi-
cult time surviving, Slater and others
said.
AFTERNOON
OF THE
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STUDENT
Bethany Newtson is currently a senior at Griswold High
School. She is the Associated Student Body President
and is co-Valedictorian of her class. She has lettered
in multiple sports throughout her high school career.
She recently placed 1st in two events at the district
track meet which qualified her for her fourth visit to
the state competition in Eugene. She is a member of
the National Honor Society, Key Club,
and FBLA at Griswold High School. After
graduation, Bethany plans on attending
the University of Idaho where she will
pursue studies in the agriculture field.
Congratulations Miss Newtson!
6
STATION
PBS
to help President Trump’s
election chances.”
“It should be clear to
everyone that Russia brazenly
interfered in our 2016 present
election process” and did so
despite strong protests and
his warning, he said.
Trump has predicted the
investigations won’t find
collusion, and his efforts to
cast doubt and curb the probes
have led to the appointment
of a special counsel at the
Justice Department.
News reports that Trump
asked his national intelli-
gence director and National
Security Agency chief to
state publicly there was no
evidence of collusion have
heightened criticism.
Dan Coats, the current
U.S. director of national
intelligence, declined to
comment Tuesday on a
Washington Post report that
said the president had asked
him to publicly deny any
collusion between Russia
and Trump’s campaign.
A day earlier, Flynn had
invoked his constitutional
right not to incriminate
himself in response to the
Senate committee’s request
for details about interac-
tions between him and the
Russians. Trump associates
Paul Manafort and Roger
Stone have provided the
committee with information,
while former campaign
adviser Carter Page has not.
The Senate panel on
Tuesday decided to issue
two additional subpoenas to
Flynn’s businesses and sent
the letter to his lawyer asking
about the legal basis for his
invoking his Fifth Amend-
ment right over documents
as opposed to testimony.
Investigators also have
questions about contacts
between the Russians and
Trump’s son-in-law Jared
Kushner
and Attorney
General Jeff Sessions.
Brennan said he had seen
intelligence that “revealed
contacts and interactions”
between Russian officials
and Americans “involved”
in the Trump campaign.
He said this was cause for
concern “because of known
Russian efforts to suborn
such individuals, and it raised
questions in my mind, again,
whether or not the Russians
were able to gain the cooper-
ation of those individuals.”
In late July of last year
there was so much concern
that he convened a group
of officials from the CIA,
FBI and National Security
Agency to focus on it exclu-
sively.
CABLE
WASHINGTON
(AP)
— Former CIA Director
John Brennan told Congress
Tuesday he personally
warned Russia last summer
against interfering in the
U.S. presidential election
and was so concerned about
Russian contacts with people
involved in Donald Trump’s
campaign that he convened
top counterintelligence offi-
cials to focus on it.
Meanwhile, a Senate
committee
issued
two
additional subpoenas to
businesses of ousted Trump
National Security Adviser
Michael Flynn, one of
several key figures in the
Russia-Trump
campaign
probe, and sent a letter to his
lawyer questioning his basis
for claiming a Fifth Amend-
ment right not to provide
documents.
If there is no response
from Flynn, the Senate
Intelligence Committee may
consider a contempt-of-Con-
gress charge, said Chairman
Richard Burr of North
Carolina.
“Everything is on the
table,” Burr said. Everything
but immunity, he added.
Tuesday’s letter narrowed
the scope of the documents
the panel is seeking. Flynn
had rejected the earlier
subpoena for records as being
so broad that providing them
could make him vulnerable.
Former CIA chief Bren-
nan’s testimony to the House
intelligence committee was
the clearest public indication
yet of the significance the
Russia contacts play in coun-
terintelligence investigations
that continue to hang over the
White House.
Brennan, who was Pres-
ident Barack Obama’s CIA
director, said he couldn’t
say whether there was
collusion between Russia
and the Trump campaign, an
issue being investigated by
congressional committees
and now a federal special
counsel.
“I don’t have sufficient
information to make a
determination about whether
or not such cooperation or
complicity or collusion was
taking place,” Brennan said.
“But I know there was a basis
to have individuals pull those
threads.”
Brennan noted anew that
U.S. intelligence agencies
had concluded “Russia’s
goals were to undermine
public faith in the U.S. demo-
cratic process, denigrate
Secretary (Hillary) Clinton
and harm her electability
and potential presidency, and
of the smaller whales to create a family
tree for baleen whales — which include
blue whales, humpbacks and right
whales. Using computer simulations
and knowledge about how evolution
works, they started filling in the gaps
between the small whales and the
modern super-sized version. They
keyed in on a time period when the
whales got huge and smaller whale
species went extinct, somewhere
between a few hundred thousand years
ago and 4.5 million years ago.
They concluded that when the size
changes started, the poles got colder,
ice expanded and the water circulation
in the oceans changed and winds
shifted. Slater and Pyenson said cold
water went deep and moved closer
to the equator and then eventually
bubbled back up in patches rich with
the small fish and other small critters
that whales eat.
Before that, whale food was spread
out, relatively easy to get at. Now,
they are giant buffets amid hundreds
of miles of whale food deserts. That’s
why you can see lots of whales in the
summer in California’s Monterey Bay,
Slater said.
11
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