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East CregonUn feounci-ffp flonvuntr- lltiort
Pendleton, Oregon, Thursday, September 1ft, iftlfl
FARMING IS MOSTLY CONDUCTED BY
TROOP D BOYS AS PART OF 66TH ART. BRiG. PLAYED
PROXY IN THE FORM OF ViLUNG WHITE MEN
Redmen Love.Horses and Have Improved, Their atopic Much
SiHeo the Early, l?av3.
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mnvri up, find fire was directed over
the Metis river as the Americans
timrd to the right at from Vllosnes to
Iun stir Muk, and swept over tho
river driving towards Juvigny Mllly. i
I.lon and Ptenay. Artillery fire was :
thrown Into then towns, and the
woods In the area, assisting the In- j
fsnlry. Herman artillery towards the.
latter part of October, following the !
break In oMheir last line of defense, j
became more and more spasmodic In j
firing, but hourly a battery wiuld be
located, Jts. cordlnates furnished to!
one of the. American u. r. r. oaner
les and the position taken under a
withering fire. The loss of German
artillery In the Meuse Argonne fiRht
was reported by German authorities
as being one of the contributing; fac
tors towards the German armies be
coming demoralised' and the G. P. F.
batteries that fought through the en
tire fiirht along the Meuse, can with-'
out undue credit claim that portion
of the fight as theirs. Many hundreds
of guns 'captured by the infantry'
were put out of action by American
guns long before the Infantry could
reach- that point and , the German
was forced to leave them in their po
sitions when ho retreated.
After the first week in November
the German army retreating much too
fast for guns of the. weight of the
U. P. F 's to stay with him, and while
some batteries were moved across the
river at Dun, and others sent around
through Verdun it was found that the
unsitions would be no more than oc
cupied until the line had advanced
far beyond the possibilities' of fire.
The Infantry had taken up the chas
ing of the German line in motor
trucks, which put the G. P. P. bat
teries, entirely out of the battle. By
November 11th, when Stenav was oc
cupied by. American troops, and the
armistice was signed, batteries were
awaiting orders that would send them
back Into the rear areas for a rest
and rehabltulation. With scarcely a
rest for over four months the brigade
had been in aotion. working day and
night, fighting; mud and filth) doing
with and doing without the things
that war and hard fought battles fur
nish, making no complaint but never
being, removjd for rest. The work
and fighting in the Argonne had been
the worst of the four battles through
which the brigade had passed. 'The
nature of the G. P. F. as an arm its
weight, and its mobility, demanded
more of roads than the German arrow
had left when retreating through the
Argonne section.
Kngiiieers Do Good Work.
There were no roads, and the engi
neers worked night and day to pre
pare roads through tho shell torn
wastes of no man's land that the guns
anil supplies could be moved up. The
moving of army artillery always
meant fighting the road, as. it was
termed, doing the Impossible, and
moving guns where Uu y by any oth
er means of reasoning could not be
moved. At times batteries were plac
ed well up with the infantry lines,
ahead of lighter nrtillery. Missions
for, the. Ions; range giuis demanded
that, and it was invariably done. It
was said throughout the battle area
that "The W. P. F. batteries should
be equipped with bayonets," it heihg
a- favorite saying of the ' doughboys
I when going into the line to see the
big 15 ton guns trundling along
with them, occupying positions within
s matter of a few hundred yards of
their outposts, placing the guns into'
position without giving the positions
away to the German outposts and
taking up the fire nt the proper time,
knowing that the fire fro madvanced
positions emant counter fire at once.
niffiado Tired; Worn Out.
The "brigade was tired, worn out,
and glad of the rest to come. The
news of the armistice did not bring
the effervescent celebration among
Agriculture hnd stock raising were
two of the early-pursuits, of the In
dians now residing on the great I'mt
ttlla Indian reservation which lies Just
east of Pendleton. Ixinn before white
nun had settled the valleys of the
Umatilla and Walla Walla rlvors and
the artillerymen that writers havo de
clared included the whole American
army on the line. ' ft1 Is doubtful if
they realUed then the importance of
It. Men had been along the. roads
I
the- adjoining lismis, the natives were '.
engaged n an agrarian life which In
cluded the cultivation1 of crops and
the domestication of animals.'
Small camps or villages were used
as centers of the Indian life In the
early days and wild horses ,once
found In this rexlon, ..hnd boen made
nn animal of burden by the Indians.
Throughout this district were herds of
horses looked after by tho Indians
and hence the name Cayuse la often
attached to small horses occasionally
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in
pushing guns, fighting mild,' eating Me " he range. Cattle were not
what they . could, working, not- sleep- Known at nrsi to tne natives.
ing, always going forward towards the. Th coming of white . people with
German lines for weeks, and thev . cattio; nowever, stimulated trade be
Iwere relieved and wanted rest morailweon them and the natives, . the
than they did a cessation of hostill-j whites taking horses In exchange for
ties. tneir stock. For many years the In-
A rendezvous had been ordered for. dlans raised herds of cattle and horses
the brigade at Riercourt. In the rear of and made- considerable Improvement
the ols de Sivry. near Verdun, and , 1 stocks In some Instances. The
on November 12th units fought their'! government later gave the Indians ad-
way back through the wreckage of
the battle fields, over roads that were
torn up by traffic as fast as built, and
reported at Blercourt, where they
were assigned to quarters from the
French temporary barracks there, and
(Continued on page 7)
dltionnl stock and help in caring for
I their herds. The horses owned by the
' reservation Indians at this time are
ftir the most part fine njlniuls and
the little cayuses are becoming scarcer
and scarcer as good slock is added.
Havo Pride In Horses.
, Great pride Is taken in his horse by
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W. A. RHODES, Prop.
A Good Place to Eat
ridleton, Oregon
the Indian: He Is well eared for and
looked' after when racing day come
at the Fourth' or July celebration at
Cayuse, his money backs his animal's
ability to circle the track ahed of the
field. , . .
When,' the tribes moved onto the
reservation site about 65- years ago
they took up the raising of crops and
cultivated, corn, three varieties , of
peas .potatoes and a 'little" .wheat.
Crude gardens were laid in on the
most fertile spots of land and enough
grain grown so that there was a
great plenty fpr each family. . Pota
toes, a native Indian product) were
grown in large quantities, whila corn
and peas were also grown extensive
ly. Wheat was largely In the experi
mental stage with the Indians for a
long time.
. Where the seed for the crops came
from Is beyond the memory of the
oldest Indians now on the reservation.
It Is thought that pioneers who cross
ed the plains not long after the ex
pedition of Lewis & Clark brought the
seeds which were obtained In barter
by the natives.
, Primitive Methods -I'sed.
,. iThose'.who found wheat ! growing
profitable Increased their crops year
by year and harvested and threshed
In true . primitive style. When the
stalks' had heen cut by . hand, they
were gathered In piles and placed up
on skins fastened together. When
several of these plies of stocks had
been made the men and women
mounted their horses and rode onto
the plies. The thorough tramping of
the horse's hoofs on the grain slowly
separated the heads 'from the straw.
When it was thought that all -the
heads were threshed, out. the straw
was thrown Into a pile at one side,
the grain In the skin gathered up and
the chaff blown out by fanning. When
the grain was to be milled the old
fashioned stone on stone method was
used, the women doing the milling.
Because their lands' are mostly
rented at prices fixed by the Indian
agent, the three tribes probably do
not follow agriculture today any more
extensively than two decades " ago.
Home raise a small amount of wheat
and hay, few' operate.', large f. wheat
ranches,'.. but. ha majority.,, grow, a
small amount of garden stuff, and de
pend upon stores for most of their
food. During the war the Indians
, uiawer the... food., . administration",
requests with patriotic seal and .more
gardens sprung up at that tune than
for many years. The natives cooperi
ated wlth'the progra mot war gardens
and nearly all raised more . than
enough for the needs ot the Immedi
ate family. , , ..... .. ...,...
Because of their situation, however,
the Indians on the reservation hard
ly expect ever to be keen agricultur
es. .Although they have land which
Is among the most productive In the
country, the nature of the Indians Is
not so much to work and develop
wealth of their own as to rent and
consider what they get In return a
good living.
The average Indian Is not a frlond
of hard work and with fortune smil
ing hard enough to bring In a com
fortable living from being a landown
er, agriculture Is bound to be left to
the whites for the most part.
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THE RUGGED MEN WHO MADE HISTORY
IN THE EARLY DAYg OF THE WEST
WERE QUICK TO REALIZE THE VALUE
OP STETSON HATS. TODAY THEIR SONS AND
GRANDSONS SAY "STETSON" WHEN THEY
WISH THE BEST HAT THAT CAN BE BOUGHT,
WHETHER THEIR DESIRE IS FOR A STAPLE
SHAPE OR ONE OF THE LATEST STYLE CRE
ATIONS. . .
DO YOU WEAR A
STETSON?
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PENDLETONS GREATEST DEPARTAifiNf STORE
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