East Orgcnian Rounj-Up Sourpnir Edition
Pendleton. Oregon, ThorsJay, Sptgnler 21, ISIS
Twenty-Fcuir Paget
Last Steps in Formation of First Oregon Government
Pf Siten
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f Jm.-,ci:. rv ik :: ;;v-.s.-.ir t..
kwp h it..v-rn:ii tit ha.! :hu fn?
ralli.il in iiiati'n..!!Z' l-y nuaiis i f tail
ing Its ciui'-ns. Thf rt-l in t.ir.tc uf thr
people t" tf t;ivd hart ld them at
first attempt to ras thf needed ex
I'pnm r osermnt-nt 1 n;eans of
oluntar futi ni''-i"ris. This hail
rrovt-n a nst mwraKr f.i:lur. No
motin d.ia f,.rthoommK. The next:
er, 1S44 the legbUtive cummittee
feeing that the Kvernnient could not'
be ji'dKtained without a revenue lm
Pmed a tax on the j.e-'ple and sourht
to secure lt. pat mm: by the provision
that he who failed to pay should have
no benefit from the laws nor b al
lowed to vote So drastic a measure
three of the members of these bodies uas distinctly to his advantage to cut
ere :ica:a cho.n In 145. The lead-' uvute friendlv relations with these
pints in the legis-1 i:t w settlers for they were making his
v.-x and (tiding
lation of 1M4 and proved to be
men ho had recently arrived in Ore
Sun. I'eter H. Burnett and Jesse Ap
plecate. These new men had less rea
son to feel antagonistic towards the
lia ison's Bay Company than had
those longer residents who had taken
sides in the controversy that had aris
en between McLouRhlin and the Meth.
odist mission over a land claim at
proptrty on the Willamette distinctly
more valuable and more profitable.
His land claim at the falls of the Wil
lamette had been surveyed and plat
ted out into a town named "Oregon
City." He believed this place "des
tined by nature to be the best place
for commerce in this country." This
town had already become the most
considerable settlement in the Wll
iTeson City, nor did they share In the 1 Umette Valley. Lieutenants Warre
enmity felt toward the companv b
so many of the older residents,
(.hortesa Petition in Holman, Mc
laughlin, 1SS.) The Provisional Gov
ernment had originally been formed
as an act hostile to McLouchlln and
did not. however succeed in produc lhe The new men exhibit
ing funds sufficient to pay the upkeep ,.d a more conciliatory spirit and real-i
of the new government. 1 ne appro
priations for the year 1&44 were but
a little in excess of 1900 and the reve
nuestollected by end of year amount
ed to aih ut one-third of this sum. !
end Vavasour, two British officers,
reported to their covernment in Oc
tober. IMS. a population for it of some
three hundred people with a hun
dred dwelling houses and stores. The
Increasing population evidently made
this town property more valuable. In
addition McLnushlin had established
iied that the Provisional Government grist and sawmills at the falls which
ould be greatly strengthened by se
t:ring the allegiance of the Hudson's
'wiy Company men.
Thug by the summer of 1845 these
Though the population of the trrl- lafiuences were working for the com-
torjr was increasing very rapidly, and riete uni0n of all elements residing in
its wealth in proportion, and defici- tnp country. On the part of the Wll-
enoy m revenue might in a Bhort time lan tte Valley settlers, the advantages
be mado up it seemed to many a more ert. ciPar British subjects resident
speedy solution of the financial diff:- ,i,ere woul J be better contented,
eulty to secure the co-operation of the Thos1 ,.at acknowledge allegiunce
Hudson's Bay Company and from it
and its supporters a payment of the
taxes so difficult of collection south
of the Columbia. For a wealthy cor
poration in their very' midst, enjoy- j
ing a large measure of monopoly over J
their Industrial life, to take daily toll'
of their meager incomes, and to se-1
cure the benefits of the peace and or-
:i the United States realized that they
v ere too remote to count upon the ac
t.ve protection of their own govern
ment and that it were better part of
wisdom to placate than to defy the
KuJson's Bay Company, upon which
they were in so large measure de
pendent for their existence. Further
the financial assistance that would
der maintained by the government cme rom collecting taxes from the
they had established while contribut-1 mrn an( property of the company
would make the running of the gov
ernment easier and less of a burden
ing nothing to its support, seemed to
the political leaders of the infant state
a Tery real grievance. Every effort
ought therefore to be made to per
suade the company that it owed a
duty to help support a government
that brought it such manifest bless
ings and a community that was to it
such an important source of profit.
Thi desire to make the Hudson's
Bay Company a direct contributor to
the revenues of the new government
was to be not the least of the factors
in bringing about its union with the
ProYlsional Government
A further circumstance that was
contributing to the establishment of
better relations between the officials
of the Hudson's Bay Company and the
American settlers who were the lead
ers In the new organisation was the
Influx of new men from the United
States and the consequent changing of
the personnel of the government. The
elections were held annually and at
the second election in May. 184. only
one of the old officers was re-elected
and a majority of these eleuled to fill
the three places on the executive com
mittee and t.he nine members of the
legislative committee came out to Ore
gon the preceding year, 1843. Only
to themselves. These considerations
together with the growing ascendancy
of new men of concilatory temper
v.ere to lead directly to overtures to
the Hudson's Bay Company looking to
a closer union.
At the same time Dr. McLoughlin
and his associates were beginning to
realize that such a union carried with
it weighty advantages both for them
selves and the company and were
therefore ready to meet more than
half way the advances made by the
officers of the Provisional Govern
ment. The motives actuating such a
conclusion were in part personal to
Dr. McLoughlin himself and In part
c"ue to a conviction that the best in
terests of the company would thus be
served.
For Dr. McLoughlin himself, a
conciliatory attitude towards the new
covernment south of the Columbia
River had seemed the better policy
from Its first Inception. The favors
he had shown Americans and assist
ance given them in establishing them
selves in the country while prompted,
no doubt, by purest philanthropy
promoted as well his own interests. It
How to choose your
rug Store
iiiiiiiimimiiiiiiiiiiiuiii
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiii
SELECT your drug store with the care
that you select your doctor. Choose
that drug store that puts every tran
sanction between itself and its custo
mers on a service basis.
Trade at the drug store that pays more
attention to making a customer than to
making a sale.
Trade at the drug store where you can
be ure that you are getting the most and
the bet for your money.
Trade at the drug store where you can
"feel at home, " where you can feel at lib
erty to make use of all the resources a real
drug store peculiarly has for your help,
convenience and accommodations.
It is this kind of a drug store that we
take pride in running. You know a drug
store is different from a grocery store, a
hardware store or any other kind of store.
The relation between a druggist and his
customers are akin to those between a doc
tor and his patients. The moment a drug
gist forgets this fact he ceases to be a real
druggist.
We want you to make use of all the ad
vantages our service holds out to you. We
are always ready to refund your money
without question or quibble on any pur
chase you may make here that is not per
fectly satisfactory to you in every respect.
Tallman & Co.
Leading Druggists
became more profitable sources ofj
revenue as the inhabitants of that
region became more numerous. He
could not feel altogether secure In his I
claim as long as he held himself aloof i
from participation in a government !
that had been founded by men anxi-
ous to secure their titles to land and
to present mutual encroachment on
each other's holdings. He had been
troubled with squatters on his land j
and a rival claimant, notably the Kev.
erend Mr. Waller, whom he had j
bought off in April, 1S44. by a pay-1
ment of 3iio and transfer of some of;
the lots at Oregon City. Dr. Mc- ',
Louijhlin had also just paid five
thousand five hundred dollars to the I
Methodist mission for the lots claim-!
ed by that organization at Oregon
Cky because as he says he could not
"produce a legal test of proprietor
ship" and this ground was needed to
"complete his establishment." (Last
Letter, p. 122). He felt that there
was serious danger of losing this
property should the boundary settle
ment be favorable to the United States
before he had secured a title the vali
dity of which was at least as good as
that of other settlers in the valley.
True, the legislative committee had,
in 1844. repealed the clause in the
land law of 1843 which had been di
rectly intended to deprive him of this
claim, but he had been made to feel
in many trivial ways the hostility of
the government. The legislature had
even gone so far as to refuse him the
privilege of constructing and oper
ating a ferry across the Willamette. !
So long as he had not part In the gov
ernment he could expect no favors at
its hands.
Furthermore, there is evidence that '
McLoughlin had some ambition to as- '
sume a leadership over the people of
the whole Oregon country' and a con-;
fldence in his ability to win the re- '
spect and support of the American j
element. In short, he was moved by !
Political ambition and a love for the
power and influence that the gover
norship of the new state might give.
In a letter written to Sir J. H. Pelly,
November 15. 1844. Dr. McLoughlin
predicts that if the boundary question
is not settled by the two governments.
Oreat Britain and the United States, :
the settlers in Oregon territory will
declare an Independent state "of
which I might be elected head were!
I to retire among them." (Copy of let-1
ter in possession of Professor Schaf-
er.) It would thus seem that Mc-i
Loughlin was already contemplating I
the "retirement" that he actually car.
; ried out a year later and was looking
forward to the fulfillment of an am-;
I bltion for leadership. There is noth- i
ing in his character to make such a
conclusion improbable. He was of a
distinctly masterful temperament and
might easily have underestimated the
difficulties in the path of such an am
bition. The sequal was to prove
something quite different from these
nnticlpations. Thus It seems that
; motives of financial interest and per
j Sf nal political ambition may have
I been promoting Chief Factor Mc-
Loughlin to bring himself, hlj people
und the property of his company
' under the jurisdiction of the Oregon
Provisional Government. ,
To the company's superior officer,
however, McLoughlin in justifyina his
action in recognizing and uniting with
the new government in August, 1845,
advanced only those arguments that
convinced him that such action best
served the interest of the company
and British subjects in general. "Wo
have yielded," he says, "to the wishes
of the respectable part of the people
In the country, of British and Am
erican origin by uniting with thm in
the formation of a temporary and
provisional government designed to
prevent disorders and maintain peace,
until the settlement of the boundary
question leaves that duty to the par
ent states'" (from McLoughlin letters
of August 30 and November 21. 1845,
copies made by Professor S'chafer.
The second letter is given as first part
of last letter printed In American
Hist. Rev. 21 110-11). To McLough
lin at this time the situation seemed
critical. The property of the com
pany was subject to intrusion and at
taek, "exposed in the midst of a popu
lation living without the restraint of
laws." "A crisis was evidently fast
approaching which would drive us to
the painful necessity of yielding to
the storm, or of taking the field open-
fy. arms in hand, with means so un
equal compared to those arrayed
against us, as to leave no hope of suc
cess." There seemed to him little
hope of receiving any speedy or ef
fective protection either from the
British government or the company,
though he had represented to both
the dangers in the situation snd made
request for an armed vessel to be
statlond in the Columbia. Until such
protection could be afforded It seem
ed the better n.irt of valor to enter
Into a union "for tr" purpose of mu
tual protection, with the white popu
lation of the Willamette." "We de
cided on Joining the Association both
for the security of the company's
property and the protection of Its
rights."
To McLoughlin and his sseoclates
such a union seemed further desirable
ns means of witfeeunrd'n? aealnst evils
for whi'h no protection was offered
If they remained Isolated from the
rest of the community. If the "com
pany servants" deserted and took re
fuse in the Willamette settlements
they could not be arrested unless the
company through Its officials had
some part in the association. There
bad been cases of such desertion.
"Another powerful inducement arose
from the considerable amount of out
standing lebta we have in the Wil
lamette settlement.'' These debts had
risen during the previous year to the
formidable total of 130.000.
The advantages of the un. r as a
means of collecting debts are obvious.
"Under the newly assumed political
position we would have been cast en
tirely on the honour and good faith
ot our customers, as the law could of
course only give protection to those
who gave it support: but by Joining
the association we can sue and attach
the property of any man in this coun
try who is Indebted to the company.''
The company's officials at Vancou
ver had been compelled to face the
problem of keeping the bolder Ameri
cans from encroaching upon Its lands.
A certain Henrv WiMlnmson hA In
1844 gone so far as to build a cabin
on an island in the river near Van
couver claimed and occupied by the
company. His cabin had been torn
down and Williamson induced to with,
draw. He and others like him Mc
Loughlin thought so b;ise as to stop
at no crime. "They were determined
at all risks to Intrude upon the com
pany's land claim, and they made no
secret of their plans if ejected by
force. If not supported by their
countrvmen. thev were to ne..!.- on
easy revenge by firing our premises,
destroying our barns, or such like
deeds of cowardly villainy."
Thus we find urged as motives for
bringing about a union of the Hud
son's Bay Company through its ofYl
clals with the Willamette alley set
tlers in the formation of government
the need of preventing encroachments
upon the company's land and to safe
guard its property from attack by
hostilly disposed Americans. Such a
union would offer an easier and more
certain method for the collection of
debts owed the company and a means
of bringing back its employees "temp
ted by the certainty of immunity and
high wages in the Willamette to de
sert the Service." There is evident j
alarm In the rapidly increasing num-J
ber of Americans. An average of
more than a thousand each year had
come into the valley during the to
years Just past and some three thou-1
sand immigrants were expected to ar
rive during fall of 1845. Such alarm
is indicated by McLoughlin's request
to the British Consul General at
Honolulu for a ship of war to be sent
to the Columbia river. Promise of
such support could not be secured
and as by August "the season was so
far advanced there was no reason to i
(Continued on Page 21.)
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Plave
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ANNOUNCING
Hie Basil and Lane tain Player-Piano and Hie Errand
Warrens Music House Pendleton
It will be of interest to those contemplating the purchase of a PLAYER-PIANO that we have recently
made arrangements with the BUSH AND LANE FACTORY AT HOLLAND, MICH., builders of the
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THE FARRAND STANDARD PLAYER-PIANO
The FARRAND PLAYER-PIANO is one of the famous BUSH AND LANE line of pianos, it is a Player
piano of the GUARANTEED STANDARD MAKE and one in which you will find all that goes to make
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and guaranteed in every way. We now have these "FAMOUS PLAYERS" ON OUR FLOORS, it will be
to your interest to call in and hear them demonstrated. Prices and terms are no higher than is usually
asked for the ordinary Player-Piano. V '
FOR ONE WEEK ONLY
You Can Get a Bargain Any Time, Any Where, But You Cannot Buy
Standard GUARANTEED PJayer Pianos
AT GIVE AWAY PRICES
because we cannot buy them for nothing, they cost real' money, and lots of it, good goods usually cost
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KIMBALL (Good a new) $..
VOSE & SON $..
CONWAY, New $..
BUSH & LANE, New $..
KNABE, New $
WERNER PLAYER-PIANO $
HALLET & DAVIS PLAYER-PIANO ... $
KOHLER & CAMPBELL Player-Piano . $
The prices we have placed on the above Pianos and Player-Pianos will be effective for ONLY ONE
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Headquarters For Everything Musical at
WARRENS MUSIC HOUSE Pendleton. Ore.