East Oregonian : E.O., September 25, 1915, ROUND-UP SOUVENIR EDITION, Page Page Three, Image 3

Twenty Patres
Umatilla National Forest and How it is Administe
W. W. Cryder, Forest Supervisor, TelU of Interesting Work Under His Control Crazing Regulation and Fire Fighting Keep Men Busy
The
The National Forests have come to
be such Important factors In the Uvea
and welfare of the people of the west
that It will be Interesting to explain
something about them, with special
reference to the Umatilla, which, It
can be said, lies at our doors. It
should be borne In mind, however,
that the administrative procedure of
the forest service Is alike for all the
forests, whether in New Mexico, or
Oregon, the object being to so stand
ardly the method of work and equip
ment as to give the public the maxi
mum of service, consistent with the
money appropriated, at a minimum
of cost.
The Umatilla National Forest is
situated on a low spur of the Blue
Mountains, the altitudes varying from
1. 600 to 7.000 feet It Is divided In
to two divisions, the eastern and
western, Camas valley intervening be
tween the divisions. The gross area of
the forest is 666,820 acres of which
bout one eighth Is In private owner
ship. The forest lies south of Pen
dleton about 25 miles and it extends
from tHarkey valley on the east to
within fourteen miles of Fossil on
the west, lis southern boundary Is not
very far from the John Day river.
Fortlona of Umatilla, Grant, Morrow
and Wheeler counties are within the
exterior boundary. The headquarters
of the forest supervisor Is at Pendle
ton. The timber cover Is composed
chiefly of yellow pine, tamerack, fir
and lodgepole, in the order of their
commercial Importance, luck of trans
portation facilities, however, prevents
the present sule of the timber.
Aside from the commercial value
of the timber cover, it has still an
other value, that of water shed pro
tection and In this the lodgepole
plays an Important part, Its dense
stunds helping greatly to conserve
the moisture of the rains and snows;
In a region like this where so much
depends on the regularity of the wa
ter supply, this value can readily be
recounted as being well worth pro
tecting. (razing.
The forest has still another im
portant resource, of which use is
made by many of our people, the for
ane crop which annually feeds many
thousands of cattle, horses and sheep.
The 1'mutllla Is essentially a grazing
forest and the forage crop, if prop
erly and Judiciously handled, will al
ways be a producer of wealth for our
stockmen. In former times the
stockmen had unlimited range but
this has gone forever, having been
acquired by private Interests, the wa
ter holes have been fenced up so thai
now there is little left but the na
tional forest ranges, which very un
fortunately are far to limited to sup
ply the ever Increasing demand for
grating privileges.
The following shows the grazing
seasons and the fees charged:
Fees
Reason Cattle Horses
April IS to Oct. It S9c 49c
May 16 to Oct. 15 SOc 37c
For a 6 mile cattle and
horse range)
Yearlong, beg. Apr. 15 10c 75c
Sheep
Lot Livermore Knew the Real
Happy Canyon in Olden Days
ThA nld went whirh 1 halnff Annu
ally commemorated In Pendleton by
the llound-up ana nappy canyon, is
not a vision and a tradition to Lot
Livermore, one of. Pendleton's leading
citizens since there was a Pendleton
and a prominent figure In Umatilla
county before that It was a reality
to him for he was a part of It and
his memory can recall many acenea
which were Just as exciting as the
Round-up but which were not formed
for the entertainment of a crowd.
Mr. Livermore haa Just turned 80.
but nobody calls him an old man. He
la still an active part of the business
world and each day finds him at his
post
Mr. Livermore freighted across the
plains In 1860 with a span of oxen,
and Is one of the earliest pioneers of
Umatilla county. He was born In
Marietta, O., August 11, 1835.
He crossed the plains In 1860 to
the Willamette valley, where he re
mained 14 years. ,
He remained In Umatilla about
three years and moved to Pendleton
in 189. Pendleton then was "wild
.nJ wnnllif with a fW SalOOnS.
dance hall and a population of 51
Interspersed amongst the few stores
of Main street
Mr T.lvormnre here established a
mercantile bualneas that he operated
until 1ST 8, when ne'soia out to
Alexander, the present owner. Since
then he jias been engaged continu
ously In real estate and Inaurance
brokerage.
His first wife, now dead, was Clara
Ttrmun whom he married March 11,
1869. Mra. Delia Beattie of Oregon
ciii la a ilnuehtpr oy his first wife.
His second marriage was September
21, 1885, with Mrs. Ellen Switzler. A
daughter was born of this i marriage,
also, Miss Lotta Livermore, and two
sons, Hob and Lynwood. The former
Is in the employ of the Oregon Lum
ber Company and the latter Is In his
father's office.
Mr. Livermore was one of the first
postmasters of Pendleton, serving
from 1873 to 1887, Under his ad
ministration Pendleton advanced from
fourth class office Into second class
and he was reappointed In 1902 by
President Roosevelt for a term of
four years.
He was the first mayor of Pendle
ton after Its Incorporation as city,
a wU re-elected for a second term.
Subsequently he served two terms in
June 15 to Oct 15 6c
Forest Game,
There Is an abundance of game la
the forest and it Is Interesting to note
the existence of a band of elk on the
eastern division which probably num
bers from 100 to 200 head, though no
definite figures are available. At one
time they were very plentiful on the
area now Included In the national
forest and It is to be regretted that
their number has dwindled to such an
extent but since they are now pro
tected by the state law, backed up by
the active and Intelligent coopera
tion of the public It Is hoped that
their numbers will Increase to such a
point In a few years as will permit of
their being hunted under proper
state regulation.
The Umatilla National Forest la di
vided Into four ranger districts each
In charire of a district ranger, who is
on duty the year round; during the'
field season, which Is generally five
months, the district ranger la assist
ed by one or mors men, called forest
guards. The ranger In charge of a
district is responsible to the forest
supervisor for Its administration and
detailed sifpervlsion. Each district
ranger Jid guard has a cabin to live
in and an enclosed pasture or two
for bis horses and Is supplied with
such tools and equipment as are ne
cessary. The work of a ranger dur
ing the field season consists of patrel
for fire, looking after grazing mat
ters, issuing free use permits, build
ing and repairing roads, trails, tele
phone lines, cabins, pasture fences
etc., so that one may see that hia
time Is fairly well token up; in the
winter he haa his office work to catch
up with, perhupa neglected through
a busy field season, and there Is al
ways some field work which can be
done during the winter.
lire Fighting.
Fire Is a very dangerous and re
lentless enemy of the forest and plans
for the administration of a forest are
based primarily on the fire risk, the
ranger districts and stations being so
situated as to control the risk as near
as maybe, telephones lines are built
to facilitate communication between
the various members of the forest
force and lookout stations maintained
to make possible Immediate notifica
tion of fires. In short everything la
organized to meet a audden emer
gency and obtain quick action there
in. A good lookout system has been
found to be a very necessary part of
a fire protection plan; there are two
main lookouts on the Umatilla, one
on Lookout Mountain on the eastern
division and the other on Tamarack
Mountain on the western division.
Both of these peaks overlook the for
est but ao that we may get above the
tree tops towera have been construc
ted which give an unobstructed view
over the country. A lookout Is on
duty on top of these towers all day
and every day during the fire sea
son; he has an Instrument to locate
fires, a telephone and a field glass.
Information of a fire is telephoned
promptly to tlje district ranger or
guard, In whose district the fire may
be, and a man Is out Immediately to
ty recorder. For the past four years
he haa been clerk of the school board.
AGRICULTURAL SOILS
OF ALASKA VALUABLE
LARGE VARIETY OF FOODSTUFFS
MAY UK GROWN IN THAT
NORTHERN LAND.
Among the natural resources of Al
aska which It Is expected will be made
more readily available to the world's
markets by the construction of the
ncently projected government rail
road, one which may be less well
known but which is by no means tho
least valuable Is her agricultural
sells. Experts from the bureau of
soils, United States department of ag
riculture, recently have made an ex
amination of the soils over a large
part of the Alaskan peninsula, the re
sults of which are to be published by
the department in a report entitled,
"Soil Reconnoissance In Alaska, with
an Estimate of the Agricultural Pos
sibilities." The report describes the soils and
conditions Influencing agriculture in
three broad areas, the Cook-lnlet-Susttana
region, the Yukon-Tanana
region, and the Copper River regions.
As a promising agricultural section
the Cook-Inlet-Susltna region Is the
most Important, although the Yukon
Tanana region comprises some of the
best agricultural soils In Alaska. In
the former region a soil type mapped
a the Knlk loam, under the scientif
ic classification adopted by the bu
rcau of soils, covers a total area of
nearly 2,000 square miles. It is an
excellent soil for the production of
potatoes, a large number of vege
tables, grain, native grass, legumes,
r.nd flowers. The soil Is easily tilled
and Is now used for a wide variety
vi crops. Potatoes yield over 200
bushels per acre. Early varieties oi
oats and barley produce large yields
o; grain. Wheat and rye mature, and
all the small grains give good yields
of hay.
Other soils of the three general re
dons are described In detail, together
with the climate, topography, drain
age, settlement, Industries, transpor
tation, and other factors airecung
agriculture. In general, conditions
ere favorable over a vast territory
for the development of the stocK
raising and dairying Industries, and
the most promising line or agricui
ture seems to be that which will een
Iter about dairying.
SCENES ON THE
s ,,
" '
i m
It ' w
if ti
fc hi
I V '.I. : P I ' .-
l1!"-?- " -r-TT iT .in n in -iniimnw.. '. -""
1 Forest Fire in Umatilla National Forest; Charred Tree in Foreground
the fire.
2 Forest Ranker's Cabin In Umatilla National Forest
SForest Service Fire Lookout Tower on Umatilla National Forest; The
Small Table on Platform.
4 Band of Sheep on Umatilla National Forest.
extinguish it, or at least have it un
der control before It reaches any
site. During very smoky weather the
lookout cannot see to any distance so
the field force have to patrol and do
their own lookout duty from conveni
ent and accessible points.
Telephone System.
Congress each year appropriates
money for the Improvement of the
INFLUENCE OF CANADIAN
AND THE SCOTCH UPON
THE EARLY NORTHWEST
(Continued from page two.)
Mountains divide us, and a width
of seas,
But still our hearts are true, our
hearts are highland,
And we in dreams behold the He
brides. Ne'er shall we see the fancy haunted
valley
Where twlxt the dark hills flows
the pure, clear stream,
Nor e'er around our chieftain's ban
ner rally.
Nor see the moon from loyal tomb
stone's gleam.
When our brave fathers In the time
long vanished
Conquered and fortified the keep,
No seer foretold their children should
be banished,
That a degenerate lord might boast
his sheep.
Come foreign rage, let discord burst
in slaughter,
Oh, then for clansmen true, and
broad claymores!
And hearts that would givs blood like
water.
That heavily beat against ths At
lantic shores.
Fair these broad meads; these hoary
woods are grand,
But we are exiles from our Father
land. The above was revived and quoted
by a Colonel Berrie, near Toronto,
Canada, to fill a regiment ot Higniana
Scots to go to India against some
troublesome Sikhs about 1885, and
renri hv a wounded Diner sitting tn
a pass ot the Himalayas playing the
"Cock of the Norm." ir tms story oe
..,., ha Aat nt Its Rlfilflnff WHS 1829
the date of Dr. McLoughlin's claim '
to the site or Oregon city.
Not a word of war spirit, but a
country as large as Europe was aban-!
doned, so far as known, on tie fin
day of April, 1814. The energy and
practical good sense, which men es-1
teem, left Fort George, or Astoria,!
and arrived at Fort William with
the Franchere party on the 14th ot
July, and returned to Fort George In
the autumn of 1824, In the person of.
Dr. John McLoughlln who left the
chief factorship of Fort William. He
had the service of Peter Skene Og
den as chief trader. The first seed
came to Dr. McLoughlln from Fott
York and was sown near Vancouver
while the new fort was under way.
The most common date agreed upon
of McLoughlin's beginning to plant
his ex-engagees on farms In 1825.
Reproduced from The Oregon Histo
rical Society Quarterly.
UMATILLA NATIONAL FOREST
uL
t
fry
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national forests and on the Umatilla
the money allotted for this purpose
has gone mainly into the construction
of a telephone system so that now the
forest officers can transact business
with each other and the public witn
understanding and dispatch. The
fnt-AKt rv(p lines connect with the
local commercial lines and this is a
great convenience to the public for no
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fif VTo
that will cook
Will give you good,
THE 6REAT
will do evervthin
not only for a day
j ui jcjusi iu
wit uses very
uu im, wuKs
Yes, nt) wa
tore ivnd Ms
uiAnr irmum
sou w tMij
1 1 EAbT COURT
1 1 STREET
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Was Struck by Lightning, starting
Fire Locating Instrument Is- on the
matter where a person is in the for
est a service telephone can generally
be convniently found witU which to
communicate with the outside world.
This was very strikingly Illustrated to
me during a recent trij through the
forest I was staying one night at a
ranger station on the western divl
sion and a man came fo and said that
his automobile had broken down and
just perfection-
past correction!.' E
OEM
MfcQOstS UOuTTOOi)
suit iauriwDorJ ;
Dont Von think It's worth while to have n rant
and bake vour food fW riakt one that
komst tervia every day in the fear..
MAJESTIC BII6E
Ton could ask of a rmnre: do ft nerterthr!
or a week or a year, but every day in the
i-ijdjc a ALAjtsaiiv a suae ngm ana ox
me tiqw tma tj natmai ail parts are riveted together
like an engine boiler; it's practically air-tight; hulds the
I
utue iiiei; neais plenty oi water amccry
just ngnit ana, propcriy puniff
LASTS A LIFETIME
mq ttwv.M yon If yoa win erf ftft m
tiw? jdAJKSTia y wiu Bbov yon
moom uwj juswmg jcH VUi DOf
aw wit
We Are Agents
is our pru
?Hs fame has Traveled
far and wtdeT s
W. J. CLARKE
he wished to telephone to Heppner
for assistance. He was directed to
the telephone and secured the neces
sary aid at once; If he had not been
able to obtain telephone communica
tion a tweney five mile walk was the
alternative. It goes without saying
that he appreciated the convenience
and furthermore we were very glal
to be able to help him out. This Is
one of many Instances which have
come under my observation and I
mention this to illustrate the prac
tical good the government has done
and Is continually doing to make the
national forests their resources and
conveniences of use to the public
Cooperation Necessary.
It is obvious, however, if we would
continue to enjoy and use the na
tional forest we must all cooperate
and help protect -it from fire, which
can render it useless in many ways.
It will destroy the most delightful
of camping places, injure the range
for the stockmen, and by burning up
the timber and ground cover very
seriously Impair its value for water
shed protection. Fire can' do all this
and it is for these reasons, aside from
the loss to the community by the de
struction of forest products, that the
government looks to every user of the
forest whether he be a stockman, hun
ter or camper to be careful with fire
and see that none start through In
attention or neglect. Another matter
demanding our attention, and I am
using the word "our" advisedly, for
I am working In cooperation with the
stockmen, is the proper care of the
range. I think there will be no de
nial to my statement when I say that
the Umatilla ranges were very badly
used prior to the creation of the na
tional forest; it will be up hill work
to bring them back to their former
carrying capacity, nevertheless the
forest service is trying and will con
tinue to try to Improve them, in line
with the policy not to be content with
conditions as they are but continually
improve them so as to make the re
sources of the forest responsive to the
needs of the communities dependent
upon it It is very gratifying to note
the interest stockmen are taking in
range matters, several stock associ
ations have been formed to work with
the forest supervisor In the better
ment of range conditions. Coopera
tive plans are under way to build
drift fences, protect and Improve
watering places for stock and In other
ways to secure a more complete uti
lization of the range than has ob
tained heretofore. We must work
with, and not against, Nature, if we
expect to acconvplsh anything and the
government asks the cooperation of
the stockmen, who use the forest
range in all plans for Its improve
ment. '
Shortage of water is being felt on
both the sheep and cattle rangea, the
creeks have rtm low but this is rathr
er to be expected, the most difficult
situation we nave to face is the dry
ing up of th springs. Many springs
formerly classed as "everlasting"
have been dry this year; this no
doubt Is due' m some cases to the ac
tion of Nature but an examination- of
others leads one to the conclusion
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
WE carry every thing in the hardware line
..that is carried by any other store in the
city or country. An immense general
line of shelf ' and heavy hardware.
SOLE AGENTS FOR
American Field Fence,
Round Oak and Howard Heaters
Great Majestic Ranges
IRON, COAL and all kinds of
BLACKSMITH SUPPLIES.
Pump, Pipes, Plumbers, Fittings, Belting,
Builders Hardware,
Taols, Cutlery,
Aluminum Kitchen
Ware, Tin and Gran
ite Utensils.
We carry many ar
ticles not to be found
in any other Pendle
ton hardware store.
SAVE TIME
AND MONEY
Come Here First
that the usual channels of exit have
ben effectively clocked and tramolett
out by stock. If we wish to utlll
the forage crop there mwat oe water
for stock so the springs will have to
be protected by fencing and the out
run aiinwrri tn run freely into troughs
In hia m-av hnrrinr some Work of
Nature, we on be aured of a plenti
ful supply of good clean water, tms
l a verv imDortant range Improve
ment, much neglected of recent years.
but happily now coming to te recog-
niA oa nrHuur? rnnstTnctlVS Work
if the running of range stock is to be
continued. When It Is considered that
a large portion of the meat supply of
h natinn comes nff the rnnirea of
the national forests the public should
logically be interested In all tnat per
tain tn the welfare of the ranges of
the national forests and the stock In-
rfii.trv There are many difficult
,etinn rnmlnr ud for decision every
day on the national forests, especi
ally on a graxlng roresr; mere ar
fear nhwt that Dresent so many
angles for consideration as graiing.
and as many conflicting interests 10
h harmonized and none which offer
a broader field for harmonious co
operation by the users with the ad
ministrative and executive officers.
W. w: CRTDKK,
Forest Supervisor.
EASTERN TOURISTS ARE
MADE TO FEEL AT HOME
MORE THAN 10.000 PASSTVO
THROl'dn SPOKAXE GIYEJf
BOUQUETS.
SPOKANE, Wash. More than 10,
000 eastern tourists who passed
through Spokane this summer en
route to or from the California ex
positions were met at the railroad
stations and given bouquets of flow
ers by committees of local citiiens
representing the Spokane Horticul
tural society.
Under the direction of C. Herbert
Moore, a former mayor of Spokane,
70.000 roses. 200,000 asters snd a
Quarter million of smaller flowers
were distributed to visitors. Ths
work was organised early In ths
spring and scores of local residents
have delivered quantities of their
choicest flowers either daily or week
ly to the headquarters of the society.
Here they were assembled in conven
ient bouquets and committees laden
with huge baskets passed through
the coaches of passenger trains of
the five transcontinental railroads,
presenting bunches to each of thai
travelers.
Earlier in the summer committees
devoted a week to the distribution of
roses among the truest of hotels and
lodging houses, where many of ths
sick poor were- oheeredl by ths flow
ers. Mr. Moore has receive, hundreds of
letetrs expressing ths gratitude of
travelers for- this attention, ha says
In' a report; to the horticultural society.
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PENDLETON, 1 I
OREGON I
the city council and was deputy coun