Pendleton, Ore?on, Saturday, September 25, 1915
Twenty Page
Spanish Influence on Language of the West
In Names and in Some Thases of Architecture Traces Renidn of Days When Spaniards Ruled Southwest.
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Eist Orefjonian Round-Up Souvenir Edition
BT J. NKII.SOX HA Kit V, Spokane.
Should you ask me, whence those
strange words?
Such a mustang and mosijiiito,
Such as alkali ami stampede,
Surh b t u it, trail anil sorghum.
Words like prairie and bonanm,
lilio coulee, ranch and two-bits,
AlIiLTulnr and l:ini:ile-
WordK which sound peculiar
i) noun" reKion or condition,
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T,
Yrt fitiuiliar ill our lniii?ii; iri
I should anwrr. 1 should tell you
From the Frenchmen and the Span
ard.
From the first whites in this country, j
From those races which have been j
here
And have left tht'Se words as relics
Of their former occupation.
Odd ltcminuVrs of Spanish Settle,
menb
The methods of the ancient Greeks
and Romans in building their houses
around an open court -was adopted by
the Spaniards and by them Introduced
Into America, and today this custom
la still found in Oregon where some
times the livery stable, or corral con
sists of a large central enclosure sur
rounded by sheds opening Into It,
which is one of the surviving memo
rials of the. time when the southern
boundary of Oregon was the northern
boundary of Spanish territory.
Both the southeastern and the
southwestern portions of the United
States were once occupied by the
Spaniards, and The flag of Spain once
waved over St. Louis, Mo., and al
tboogn the tide of Anglo Saxon civi
lisation has floated over their ancient
dominions it hi but natural that there
should be found here and there much
that reminds one of those earliest
white settlers, and it to interesting te
notice how certain Spanish words
bave become Incorporated Into our
language, aad also how characteris
tic they are to those parts of the
country where the Spaniard Uved.
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Eastern Oregon Pasturage Scene
language, but also that they should
be characteristic of that section.
The Spanish rancho has become our
word ranch, and their word pueblo
as?d for the aboriginal towns is still
associated with adobie, the dried mud
which was the most available build
ing material In that tunberless region
of scanty rainfall, wfcile cactus and
chaparral have a dlstltsct flavor of the
son's burro, and the clerk In the rail
road office in Indianapolis not being
familiar with the Spanish word tele
graphed that the freight car had ar
rived "short one bureau, long one
donkey," to which General Wallace
telegrapher In reply "change places
with the donkey."
The Sawtooth Mountains of the
west are known by the Spanish equl-
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From the southeastern portion of
the United States we have words;
with characteristics associated with '
that section alligator, mosquito, sor
ghum, safsafras, savanna, negro, mu-
lutto, quadroon and octoroon, as well
as Creole and piccaninny. I
Florida was given its name by '
Ponce de Leon, while Cortex gave the '
name California, which is a perpetu-;
al reminder of him. The dark red j
waters of the Colorado river gave it ,
its Spanish name which has since '
been extended to the state, and in a
similar way the Spanish word for
old ranges where tow so much al
falfa is being cultivated.
The riding leggings of the cattle
men are called chaps, which is a
shortened form of chaparigos, while
in the early days the scarcity of iron
on the plains necessitated some sub
stitute for buckles, so that the cinch
was used for the girth, with the lati
go, a strap to fasten it. The haeka.
more was a bridle without a bit, with
its bassal or nose piece. The cattle
were roped with a lariat, and the
raw-hide ring for the noose was call
ed a honda, while the cowboy used
valent Sierras, while canyon and
llano are now familiar words to us
all. The storms of the southwest
have given ous our words cyclone and
In the southeast tornado, while other
dangers are recalled by desperado and
stampede.
The rushes in the western lakes
are still called tules, and the miners
of the early days learned from the
Spaniards the terms Eldorado and
bonanza. In more modern times the
tamale is winning an ever-increasing
popularity.
When the early miners flocked to
small change with the little Spanish
reals of "bits," they were using the
sjstem which had been customary
before the United States government
adopted the eight real piece as its
standard for a decimal system of
coinage.
The floatsam and the jetsam on a
sea beach mark not only the extent
of a receding tide but also the char
acter of what had been carried on
the waters. In a similar way the
era of the North American continent
to which French influence has for
merly extended Is indicated by
French names of places so widely
scattered as from Montreal to St,
; Louis and New Orleans, and from
I Lake Champlaln to The Dalles and
Des Chutes in Oregon Many French
i words which have become incorpor
ated Into our distinctively American
I speech suggests peculiarities of the
i country occupied by the French as
: well as of the character of their oc
cupancy.
The French were first attracted to
America by the cod fishing on that
part of the Atlantic coast where there
are many islands, and the spelling of
Maine for the mainland Is said to
have been the result of French In
fluence. Louisiana, which formerly extend
ed over practically the entire Mississ
ippi Valley, preserves the name of a
French king and reminds us of the
early French settlements on our
largest river, while such French words
as plantation, barge and levee recall
characteristics of that region, while
the French word pickayune for the
ancient Spanish coin, the value of
half a Spanish real. Indicates the
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(Continned on page eighteen.)
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PENDLETON, ORE.
M. L Alters, Sec St Manager.
East Court and Alta St.
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it
now-clad mountains became the
name Nevada.
The wide prairies of the southwest
which were at one time part of the
panih dominion became in time the
range for the cattle of the American
cowboys, and K is but natural not
only that some Spanish word should
have bwnie iiiturporated into our
a quirt to urge nis sieea, wnemer
I mustang or broncho, which if of var
iegated color was called a pinto. A
more humbe animal was termed a
l burro, although now sometimes call
i ed the Rock Mountain canary.
' It is said that when General Lew
Wallace returned from Mexico he
placed in his car of freight his little
HOTEL PENDLETON
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Monahan & Bloch
Proprietors
Grill and Buffett European Plan
Pendleton, Oregon,
California they carried with them
comparatively few coins, but they
found that the Spanish real which
they called a "bit" was the equiva
lent of twelve and a half cents, so the
terms so characteristic of the west,
"two-bits," "six-bits," originated.
It seems strange that these terms
should have any connection with our
dollar mark S, and yet the American
dollar adopted for our decimal sys
tem was originally the Spanish eight,
real piece, although few school boys
who have read In Robinson Crusoe of
the old "pieces of eight" have recog
nized our coveted coin under that de
signation. In ancient times the Dutch traders
who visited the Spanish settlements
In America used a silver coin known
as the Thaller, which was exactly
equivalent to eight Spanish reals. The
name was shortened from "Joachlm
sthaler," the silver having been min
ed In the valley of Joachim in Ho
hemla, but the Dutch tongue pro
nounced the word Thaller as "Dol
lar." The old method of designating the
eight real piece, or dollar, seems to
have been to make the figure eight
an3 then to draw a cancellation line
through It. as in many other well
known abbreviations, for example
cent, barrel, etc.
While examining some ancient
parchments the writer of this sketch
as struck with the peculiar manner.
In which the figure eight was writ
ten, similar to the dollar mark but
with only one short downward
stroke. The Idea occurred that the
"ce of the quill pen mltiht account
for this style of forming the figure,
which was verified by an experiment
which anyone can easily make with a
r, ul!l toothpick. The origin of the dol
lar mark can be thus explained as to
the old style of the figure eight with
a rnncellatlon mark to designate
tliallers or plerex of eighi.
Whn the Cs.lifornla mlii'-rs made
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