AN OREGONWONDER
W. J. CLARKE & COMPANY, Hardware, Stoves and Plombing
I in i tnco i him uuorur i iur
OF CRATER LAKE.
How the Collap of the Former Vo.i
cano Mt. Maiama Created the Lake.'
Twenty years ago, says Mr. Dlller,
of the United States geological sur
vey, Crater Lake was unknown to!
the general public. It Is deeply set
In the summit of the Caskade range,
about i5 miles north of the California
line, In the central western edge of
Klamath county, Oregon, 17 miles a
little north of Fort Klamath, 10 miles
due west of the upper end of thel
Klamath Indian reservation, about 12 1
miles east of north of Fort Scott, and
a like distance due south of Mount
Thielson. The remnant of the great
mountain enclosing the lake was
named Mount Mazama In ISOfi- and
the Crater Lake National Park, con
taining 240 square miles, was estab
lished In May, 1902.
The Neocene Period.
The geological record of this coun-l
try from the earliest epochs to the
present time' Is replete with volcanic
nhonnmillin hilt nllma ,i ,1 rrfi T-f tft '
have been reached in the earlier por
tion of the Neocene period, when one
of the largest known fields of the
world was vigorously active in our
northwest states. This area of vol
canic activity to the Pacific, embrac
ing a large part of Wyoming, Mon-.
tana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon and j
California. The western limit of thel
great volcanic field Is likewise thej
western border of the Cascade range.
MONDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1902.
How the Body is
Nourished.
Josh Billings once said, " It
is better to know less than to
know so much that ain't so."
You can't help thinking of
this when you inquire how
the human body transforms
food into blood, and blood into
bone, flesh and living tissue.
Ask a class in physiology
what happens to a simple
meal of bread and butter
when it arrives in the human
stomach. You will get plenty
of answers, but how many will
be correct ? How many will
tell you that the bread, if it is
made of bolted flour, contains
about as much nourishment as
a paper collar and that its
nrincipal good is to put the
butter on.
U... ,..,i- The wrecking of Mount Mazama andl
How many can explain why .the development of the great pit of
tripv nrn ;r fnnn nt huttpr-
. , , . . deur rivals anything of its kind in the
With Other things, but neverl world, was the crowning event in the!
like it by itself? Who of
them will remember that the
stomach can do almost noth
ing whatever with butter ex
cept pass it along to be
digested further on ?
Ask what the liver does to
it. How many will tell you
that the liver gives it special
treatment and that all fat
gets into the blood in a dif
ferent way and by a shorter
cut than ordinary food? How
many in the class or out
of it have any fair idea of what
fat is really good for in the
human bod)-?
Many people imagine that
fat foods are good only to
make heavy and useless flesh.
Few realize that fat is one of
the chief elements in sustain
ing the nerve centers and
brain and supplying the fuel
for muscular power and vital
ity. This is one reason why
Scott's Emulsion is so effect
ive in restoring not only the
fleshy tissues but active
strength and mental as well
as bodily vigor.
It combines the nourishing
properties of the whole cod
liver oil, emulsified, with hypo
phosphites of lime and soda,
which makes the oil easy to
digest and at the same time
greatly increases and re-in-forces
its good effect.
.Scott's Emulsion is known
to be one of the richest prepa
rations (food product or
medicine) in the materials
most needed to make good
blood and repair living tissue.
It is agreeable to the taste
and the stomach, puts almost
no work on the digestive
powers and enters the blood
with great readiness. It
builds up the body tissues
rapidly and is a true food
where nourishment is needed.
Its value has been well
proven in 25 years' experience
by the public and the doctors
and it is widely recommended
by the medical profession
throughout the world.
Shall we iund you a small sample
ire. ?
SCOTT & BOWNE,
409 Pearl SL, New York.
LET US SAVE YOU
Money On Your
Stove
A second shipment of Celebrated Acorn Stoves and Steel Ranges has arrived and
. . 1 ...if iio ctvIp that nleases vour fancy, nnrl nnt t.. m
d sp ay at our store, tome anu j- - uKBsj
J - 41 nnrl Ipflrn how mUCH VOU Cfln SflVP in h
points of superiority it nas over uluci man --- ------- - ---- - price, y
first shipment of Acorn Stoves and Steel Ranges, which we had expected to supply thetmS
the season, sold s rapidly that tne stocK wa suuu "uuu, .uCr waspiacd,
the stoves are now here. Those who examine the Acorn Stoves and Steel Ranges, whict
sold in Pendleton onlv by us, were so nigniy picaa vls... .w. ,uw price at
this superior stove is sold by us that they readily became purchasers, and are now adve
our stoves by their complimentary words.
HunscniDnns to magazines, if you
want to aubaerlbe to nuicailnea or news
lMp la tbe United State or Karope, re
mit by postal note, enk, or (tod to tbe
EAST OIIEOONIAS tbe net pnblUber'i
price of tbe publication 70a desire, and
we will bare It aent jon and assume all
tbe risk of tbe money being lost In tbe
malla. It will aaTe 70a botb trouble and
risk. If 70a are a aubacTiber to the East
Oresonlan, in remitting you can deduct
10 per cent from tbe publisher's price
Address KAHT OllKOO.NIAN I'UU. CO.
rendition, Oregon.
Tu.i si.'.es
$ii and $1;
volcanic history of the Cascade range.
20 Miles of Cliffs.
The rim encircling Crater lake an-'
pears, seen from a distance, as a
broad cluster of gently sloping peaks.
To one -arriving by the road at the
crest of the rim. the lake in all Its
majestic beauty, appears suddenly
on the scene and is profoundly ini-1
pressive. The eye beholds 20 miles
of unbroken cliffs, the remnant of
Mount Mazama, ranging from over
500 to nearly 2000 feet in height, en-;
circling a deep, blue sheet of placid
water. In which the mirrored walls
vie with the original slopes in bril
liancy and greatly enhance the depth
o fthe prospect. The lake is about
four and one-half miles wide and six
and one-quarter miles long, with an
area of nearly 20 miles.
Mount Mazama.
There can be no reasonable doubt
as to the former existence of Mount
Mazama. but Its shape and size are
more difficult to determine. Mount
Mazama is composed largely of lavas,
similar to those of Mount Shasta, and 1
from the slopes of that famous peak
we may draw Inference as to those of
Mount Mazama. Mount Shasta, un
like Mount Mazama, does not stand on
an elevated platform. It rises with !
a majestic sweep of 11,000 feet from the mountain before the hardening
gentle slopes about Its base, gradual-jf this lava, which thereupon flowed
ly growing steeper upward to the bold ' back and down into the present cal-
peak. At the height of 8000 feet it aera. mat Mount .Mazama aisap
has about the same diameter
ThreL v.es
$0 $11 $14
Three sizes
$10 $12 $l5
1
All sizes
$3o to $65
w.
h Company
I HARDWARE, STOVES and PLUMBING. Court Street
isnninn
That Mount Mazama
as I peared and that the caldera originated
Mount Mazama at an equal elevation
In the rim of Crator lake. Above this,
Mount Shasta rises over 6300 feet.
The prominence of Mount Mazama as
a drainage center is quite equal to
that of Mount Shasta, hut its slopes! been found.
through subsidence seems evident.
but the corresponding effusion of the
enormous mass of material upon the
lower surface of the mountain, If such
effusion ever occurred, has not yet
on the rim 01 Urater lake, ranging
from ten degrees to 15 degrees, are
scarcely as great as those of Mount
Shasta at a corresponding elevation.
On the other hand, the canyons of
Sun and Sand creeks on Mount Ma
zama are more profound and have
been much more deeply glaciated than
any of those on Mount Shasta. It
therefore appears reasonable to sup
pose that Mount Mazama had an alti
tude at least as great, and possibly
Level Changes.
Crater lake changes level. During
the summer, when there is rapid evap
oration and little or no precipitation,
the surface of the lake subsides; but
during the rniny winter it rises again.
The oscillation Is limited to about
four feet. The lake appears to be
fed chiefly by the vast quantities nf
snow which drift across the crest
and lodge in the great banks on the
inside. The annual precipitation of
greater than that of Mount Shasta the region is estimated at between
(H.3S0 feet). 170 and 80 inches. Crater lake has no
2000 Feet Deep 'visible outlet, nor any visible one
There were eruptive flows of lava ! reaching the surface directly within a
from Mount Mazama, and also great m"5inBuht1Ial'BrBofmtI1,? c
explosive eruptions of pumice, the ' "era enclosi ng the lake are made up
greatest en.p ions, perhaps, of the'of alternating sheets of lava dipping
Cascade range, and then came the 'ram T " a
revolution which removed the large ?lrec""s- and th,e' aIe so pro,'8,ns
I have bargained with a
competent Timber Crnieer
to locate
Valuable
Timber
Claims
On the line o. a railroad
now under construction.
This means a big chance
for first-comers. 8ee
N.Berkeley
THE BEER THAT MADE
iugjaway from the lake practically in all MILWAUKEE FAMOUS.
Have Borne
sale.
good farms for
cone and the upper 6000 feet of Mount
Mazama. and gave rise to the caldera.
The evidence seems to be against
the view that this destruction of the
mountain was by an explosion which
blew the upper part off and out. A
large number (ICS) of soundings
made under the direction of Major
Dutton. U. S. A show that the Infer
red bottom of Crater lake may be con
ceived of as a nearly plane surface
for the most part, upon which stand
three abruptly rising prominences.
one wizard Island, rising high over
the water, the other two being sub
merged. The depth of the floor upon
which these prominences stand varies
from 1900 to 2000 feet, probably the
deepest fresh water In the United
States. The solid contents of the
area of the caldera containing this
lake Is about 12 cubic miles; the con
tents of the area of the mountain top
above the caldera was probably Ave
cubic miles 17 cubic miles of mater
ial In all. There Is nothing on or
around the present mountain to ac
count for all this material.
Column of Lava.
The evidence does seem to show
that during the final activity of Mount
Mazama there must have been within
It a column of lava rising to a holght
of over 8000 feet above the base of
the Cascade range. It Is -possible that
this great pressure, aided, perhaps,
by some other forces, made nn open
ing formed low down upon tho moun
tain slope which allowed tho lava to
escape Tho subsidence of the lava
within tho mountain left It unsupport
ed and caused It to collapse. Phe
nomena of this sort are well known In
connection with tbe Hawaiian vol
canoes. The peculiar reversed flow
of lava at Rugged crest seems to
point to tho collapse and subsidence I
10 anoru easy pasuge lor mui-n wmer. . UNEQUALLED FOR TJlRir lice
Springs are on the mountain side. , " "
which probabl yaffords an outlet for' All kinds i f mj jmrte'l utnehes.
much of the water that percolates, hot wiener uust s.'tierkraut and
tnrougn mat portion 01 m3 rim.
EDUCATION AT THE FAIR.
Oregon Teachers Resolve n fnvor of
an Educational Exhibit at the Lewis
and Clark Fair.
La Grande, Nov. 29. The Teachers'
Association just closed adopted tho
following resolution:
We, as teachers representing tho
resources of Eastern Oregon, realiz
ing that the better class af visitors
will be Interested In learning of our
educational facilities and general
Hchool work, and believing that the
exhibit will be Incomplete without
an educational exhibit, do hereby re
solve that It Is one sense of this con
vention that a committee of three bo
appointed from this division of the
Oregon State Teaches' Association to
confer with a similar committee to
be appointed by the Western division
of the O. S. T. A., and further bo It
resolved, that these committees be di
rected to make application to the di
rectors having In charge the manage
ment' "oT the fair to arrange for an
educational exhibit which will prop
erly represent the educational inter
cats of our great state.
pigs feet at
KOHLEU & OO'S
j Main Streets near Postoffice
The Pride of Heroes.
Many soldiers In the last war wrote
to say that for scratches, bruises,
cuts, wounds, corns, sore feet and stiff
Joints. Ducklcn's Arnica Salve la the
best In tho world, Sarao for burns,
scalds, bolls, ulcers, skin eruptions
and plies. It cures or no pay, Only
sac at Taiimnn co.'s drug store,
CONNUBIAL JOYS
are greatly err anced by finely
laundrietl iii.en. We can add
to the sum of domestic hap
piness in this respect. Can't
be beat at laundry work Do
up your shirts and collars in
A 1 style. And vou'll then
have a "bosom frii-nd-' that'll
give y ou comfort and pleasure.
Special attention to collars
and cutis i-ines,t work. Low
est prices. Satisfactory service
THE DOMESTIC LAUNDRY
1 . F. ItobLuwm, Prop, Pendleton
Come To Us
For your lumber and building
material of all descriptions and
you will save money and get
first-class stock. We can sup
ply you with
Doors, Windows,
Screen doors and windows,
building paper, lime, cement,
brick and sand.
We make a specialty of wood
gutter- for barns and dwellings.
Oregon Lumber Yard
Court Houae.
olttt St., opp.
and
I Saves labor
clothes
The
i 900
Wash
Machine
30 days
free trial
produces clean
Cash Price $to
W.J. CLARKE & CO.
Court Btreet
A RI
R O ASj
from m alJi aaa54!
higlientapprKlilfeilio&I
Judges btcultlft"s'3
market tsmit- laa-
11. .... f watt3
and Yeal-lJ'!',,rl
and dellcioutfffl
A trial orJrifl""-J
to prove UntitW"!
in Pendleton
Otto flM
Real
Estate..
Young man, do ff
tho foundation W '
men. do you wish to v
a competency? jaj
If so, do asotbe" t
around you no..7'COB1B5SJ
to-do men in tt ?S55l
estate, arm " - 0Bf
However smw
real estate S
sell on smal IP Jati
cash, the f?lB5B$
A house 1 5
an? L,vVtul:
A house od,'in4W"l
A dwelling, stable Y to jM
,r- tots from l8V . a
A blooVof 14 tot.
A halt block, 7 10
a nlat of i 10"
Will sc JU' j
rnnnVD. llH
rtii.it. v. 1
U.
TOO 1tt
J