4 f
4
SECTION I.
PAGES I'tb 4.
PICTORIAL ttlSTORIGRL EDITION
EASTERN OREGON,
A Ms-Eye Glance at
Natural Advantages.
iirVrtitn nm nmAmr niln,.,n
HlMlVli AiXll MlH K KA Sm (
.W..W....V
'
Wfiftl 34 VmHm YiU Biff ibdarncto . It . ?ncC m: y 'J01 ?nd "X1? l"al minerals abound. Wliy, Eastern 0 ro
ll Wl 2M I KM Wg JlClirBSiO to Uiat of Switzerland, but there is at gon in ten years ought to have 10,000
Contented Flockmasters.
IAXD OF MABVEUIUS FERTILITY
Vast Fields of Waving Grain, Orchards
Loaded With Luscious Fruits, and
Gardens Crowded With Things of
Nourishment Reward the Husbandman.
, .. ... ,
v?JL n nting townte an article on
igOD . theEa8.i0reg0I,la?'
1 cannot hojKS to say anything new to
the generality of iU readers, or to pre-
nt facta in sufficiently definite detail
tobe ofmudipracticaH-aluetoLastern
ieople. But iHMsibly I may .exhale a
hfnC0ra8efenV or,?ctter
we small seeds of information i,
will prompt a closer scrutiny, on the
jSS "ie' th ?.ntre8tI.nK
ongiMl. Indeed, to me, it is a pic-
ture, Tut and variegated, ' hung on
emorj- s walls." We are chiefly con-
ceroed n the changes, industrial and
the past generation or two on the sur-
b -i j-. .j
face by
man: but if we could view, as
in a panorama, the slower and deeper
changes wrought during the milliard of
years agone by the forces of nature, we
-would stand dumb with awesome in
terest. Them we can only imagine,
even after science has loosened over
that region all its local or visiting
j?iow-worms. uut so lar as we can
jniess, we see, first, chaos; second,
ocean; third, after prehistoric convul
sions and upheavals, an inland sea;
then widespread, vast and inconceiv
ably mighty deluges of lava; next, un
told centuries of the silenter, steadier
..ork of the elements: wind and wave.
and iceierg, and rain, and
eemiKMion and erosioa: at
FWVim W a;a IPOWWlaW' - m -
uilv at furtimr XtFMM w waters.
fauna. muUlPi0 beasU and
th',a1'vnt itTon ho K?enn,
irliV it 'was ready for mm, of Man
r-onis creature, Man, like the insectivo-
c .u.v luuuiaicuiucuiiu uie germen and many-idea.1 mind, and an intuit
?: v 1 It """ ive iovc oi ireedom. wliy, )liarescn
these latter layf i, the place Uiat nature "cowlwys" on your plains that had a
has made fit for his habitation. broader and better idea of life, tlm
A "NEW" COUNTRY. world, and humanitv. than nm nnl.
Much of Kastern Oregon is yet a
"new country" in more than one sense.
In another million years nature will
improve it, as a whole, very much.
tt..t 41.... : .. f :. " ' wri
it, as a whole,
uuv 10 uutui luicii-ik w iu, micro
the nrocesses of nature have been car-
ried far enough, Eastern Oregon is rich
in varied resources. Spots uikhi which
die once poured her besom of destruc-
tion are now blooming slopes upon her
liounteous bosom. The region is com-
paratively new yet, too, in settlement
and in industry; men may read this
who saw it when it was almost raw.
Men yet living remember when its
prairios bore no crops, when no bands
oi siocn ieu upon us ranges, anu wnen
no eye niwi searcneu lis crevices lor it
millions of precious metals. What lias
been done in it by man has been done
in less than half a century; most of it,
indeed, in tho space of one generation,
Considering the adolescent stage of its
development, and the fact that nearly
all its settlers were poor people, whose
vnaiti ffnrto lmrn iinMwin.!li ....... .n
fined to producing and providing Uie
necessaries of life, Eastern Oregon has
mode creditable progress. Its develop
ment will lie surer hereafter, if slower.
The men who sought that region only
... ... ...... ....... MVMnui.i UTCtl MIU-
men luiiouuHavc, uro musiiy ueen aiwavs in eiuier uie neid or tlie it uie iiirmcrs win io as uiev nave 10
gone; haphazard and spasmodic meth- tunnel. All such varieties of exjieri- do in less favore.1 ICastern states pro
ods are becoming out of date; most of ence, or frequent contact with men of duce a variety, and make the mot of
the people of Eastern Oregon now pre- different occujiations and modes of life each. If any Eastern reader is inter
fer it to live in and die in to any other from our own, is education. It insen- estcd to know, I will state that the
region; they are ltocoming more "set- bly makes us not onlv wiser, but grain-raising region of Eastern Oregon
tied, steady, thrifty and "civilized." stronger, freer, more charitable, more embraces a large portion of Umatilla,
It will be seen a little farther on that discerning, broader at bottom, more re- Morrow, Gilliam, Sherman and Waco
I use that last term In no offensive
sense.
A BIRD'S-EYE GLANCE."
Eastern Oregon is in form nearly a
rectangle, oblongish from north to
south, containing an area of some 04,
000 square miles, and, as locally under
stood, is all that part of Oregon lying
east of the summit of the Cascade
mountains and including Lake and
Klamath counties. As compared to
many other geographical and political
divisions, it is a big jiatch. I have
stood on elevations from which I could
see over thousands of square miles of
it, lviug like a great gray plain with
streaks and spots of hills and
ridges and depressions, silent, serene,
sphinx-like. It is a region of mingled
mountain, forest, plain and desert,
with each of their appurtenant and
ITS RESOURCES
a Region Abounding in
, . .
'T" . M,"?wfi "rinnges oi rivers
AuutrecM, narrow vaueys and gorges,
umi B i ?l'd ro,,inK uplands, foot-
hills and ndges, glades and irrottoes.
-' - jiuuiui me niiuie u
wute land lor a million years or so
yet, but enough is good, and very good,
wnuw.jai icmi, icn iimes iu pros- irous mining region even-body pros
ent population in comfort and mde- pers or can. We're all linked '.o.-eth-
penaence. 1 lie climate is not perfect;
m tins respect it is not exactlv the
land at all seasons that the poet allud-
l tn wlion tin wmtA ' ' ,1.,.
, , jC VJJC 11c raiera cicniiuuv arounu mm a ill
land," etc; nor are its breezes always tie.
as soft as those reputed to blow o'er The next class of settlers in Eastern
Ceylon s isle; yet generally in itsarable Oregon were stock-raisers. Tlie old
and otherwise adaptable and nttoiin-o- rinwa in nil tlioir oml
ful PV'0"8 il.is ""xlerate, temierate,
ui, on nujiiux.-uieiii.uii .ninne-
sota or Iowa for example, on one liand,
an n Mississippi orTennestoc on the
oU)er. In thus glancing over It from
W arm.dwtr eyrie, I behold place
high and low; centur-old banks of
snow and shifting drffU of scorching
sands; rocky ridges where a mustarS
seed could scarce reach a bed of earth,
and miles upon miles of glinting grain
fields; mountain forest j5nglcS .lark
ud I deep that .the lear is safe and the
dens loaded and crowded with all that
a fever-lream could conjure of nourish-
ment and lusciousness. I sea also
thousands of those noble toilers who
are the backbone of our country, farm-
ers in their broad and fertfie fields,
mm uuicr nuliureuB, won 10 le UIOU
sands if not already seekinand find-
inw tin. nnviim t..ft i.o,
worsinps. 1 see toilers of all sorts, in
this mottled picture, and here and
there I hear the dm of busy, bustling
little cities; and then I see a moving
thread of smoke and hear a faint, occa-
SlOnal SOUnd in the the distance. A
few years aso the nath thssa wtMnaua
na follow was an Indian Bath tkm a
pack-trail; later stage d frriiAt-
road; and now a tnweoBtineBtal tttXiemWltf. ,iZ- . iJ aft
rushes alMg it at (fee ratgf-,wrty ways bring a gxxl pniu-wuiixttlJ
Biilos m feer. . --" at least. If you're making a
TfSn&ri'i r-i vTirt. stiek to yoar flocks. Yoa.Ve doing an
wellastfjemost. Htbut.stnTngc
fHVKWIMISII. XNlKlan WMm iI ft t Twin fll It -mnv Ulmn ti'lillo T uiw
Jte 1T,TV' ut, sioke a disrestful word sta iiice. BSHBBHMlHlH
mm Z..' . nr& f nsii, wen-cooKeti niece oL.roafci-pork. ... . . t--. . -
iTt..iZr i. i '"i "w'i,"r"" "ajf?, or pigpn-qr iwM-aaeet, . -v. ; J
- - ,-t ". Qr even liver, i ciam WMmiM '"i "nerw-
auapwuimy oi Miura-a work to many acquaintimc- will piemJtt B-W3 VWtt"& J1 '
needs and COIidltinim ami tnmru,.,. nil 'i - - WTB Sm rrl - r.V - i. A- .
an untrammelcd
lege-bred preachers 1 have met In the
"crowded marts of men." There one
sees and hears and feels more of nature
than one can in a place where all na-
ture M the same, and his environment
mro h mo wnjc. ami 1118 environment
li thn Mmc in thiit nf nil thru, u-itii
whom he comes in contact. The man
wha wades throuirh snow In Jnni nrJn-
ly for a little while; or he who trav-
els from his mountain and forest-girt
home across many miles of prairie and
desert; or the city-dweller who rides in
a day to the haunts of the wild deer, in
a broader, wiser, better man for the
exjwrience. Men need blasts that buf-
fet as well as breezes that breathe halm,
10 leave a streak ol desert and in an
Hour Deiiold a fertile farm is a
goodly, instructive sight; to pick a
flour with- one hand and at the
same time roll a snowball with tlie
other is a lesson from find. Tn mmn
after wandering, luckless and hungry,
through the mountains, ujon a shei-
camp with plenty of "grub," is better
.1.m. n M . I . .. .. .. 1 nr -
Ulttll a ICOPk lib U1C C1IU UI S J U 1 1 1 1 1 1 V ill
a palace car at least once or twice. To
be able to walk one day a mile or two
across a single wheat field, and the next
to go several thousand feet into the
tunnel of a mine, is better than to have
r "rt- -.fi4s m.- 'fr T"
Hk4 A atB
THE PILLARS OF HERCULES-COLUMBIA
sourceful at the top. Hence the jeople
of Eastern Oregon are generally, in this
sense, wide-awake, worldly, Vensible,
educated. As a rule they "are lilieral,
charitable, free-minded," clear-eyed,
cajiable. May not the environment
suggested have its influence in making
them so? If so, it is worthy of weight.
We live but little sjiace"; whatever
helps us to live liest and lie most is
valuable.
MINING AND STOCK RAISING.
If the foregoing theon- is considered
too fine-spun for use, 1 wil guide my
wayward pen into more practical chan
nels, to which it naturally turns from
this wild-wood scam jer. "And I write
to encourage, not to inform. In East
em Oregon, as well as elsewhere, one
may engage in any one of many pur
suits. Tlie occupation of Uie first civ-
PENDLETON. UMATILLA COUNTY. OREGON, TUESDAY,
AND POSSIBILITIES
IS
taken Irom the mines of kastern Ore-
gon, but only a tiapitelle to what tlie
future will yield. For goal, self-reli-
ant prospectors tliere is yet an
ample and promising field; but what
ih needed now most is
iiiiai
to develop mines whose development
requires much money. To secure this,
and to see Uiat it is only honestlv util-
ired, there Phould be continued and
concerto! effort in thos ra.nn tics w here
miners ai worx proniamv. ldonten-
large on the benefits of i wiving mines;
they are patent. In and around a pros-
er, like galley slaves onlv so loosely
that Mrs tnnft mind It If nnn
into purer air and brighter sunlight,
1.,. r 1 1 "1 1 - 1;.
ance of nutritious grasses, are not there
as lormeriy; out mat region win ai-
ways Ikj a good one for stock raising.
The stock raising area of the countrj-is
.iKreasing; therefore let the Eastern
Oregon sfick-raiser pursue his calling
hopefully, een oonfjIontv, TJ)9
horw, for Uii tlw as fa en into 4
stato'of comparath "lesuelude but
the Eastern Oregon steer will lxi a
thing of profitable procreation an
longg as lmmanity continues to lo
carniverous. You already send
Chicago, as well as to I'u ct
Sound and Portland; and if thenfis
,.fit in it . ti.ri mt 1- i.nt
Utir un an honest man do? Let no
stock-raisV fiuptos
enough, even In ipeal
I am f,x-shr;
neakincof fresh mutt.
nT iV" " iv 1 ,."'
to advise him
about his business but
" '
ntl mniln mnm lwrif.ni!iil tn litfi wi,
self and Uie world? Live and I earn;
practice and grow more jerfect In
even-thing. Help our unborn grcat-
grand children to enjoy tlie millenium.
Eastern Oregon produces some twelve
nr Uairtn millinn nnunilanf tr.tl
isti't it? in spite of no tariff. With or
Without tariff, portions of Hastern
OrtaBwiH ' ajwaCs fw a fine slwwin
Uiere are manv nlaees iii. 'tl HMMfi
kiaunw)uiiiiiiij;taim uwi iiuuumi v i-ijiimv ci ivnucr, luiuuD Hcamci 1U81B tiui sx very lew weeks as a
iding industry for genera- and delicious. It can be raised in all nile, perhaps five or six on an average -
e. Great Weal til lia lxi'n VOIir r-fmnt ie-l nml ulion irithin nvi. anil lilwio 1. I . - !
- where they thrive :w iiMnTkr..mltm
. i .1 : -1 vi : : :
in irim;cu nirara re mil uj imnKiii
city.
GKAIN IUI3IN0.
As everylKXly acquainted with I'-astt
ern Oregon knows, jwrtions of it ant
unexcelled in the whole country for
wheat-raising. Even summer I read
wneav-nusing. r.ry summer i ruaq
nf violrls nf JO -V) -iikI rxvrisiininllv LI nr
CO bushels to the acre; and I lxjlieve it,
lM;cause I have been there mvself.
Prosecuted as a single industry year
after year, wheat-raising cannot Iks
profitable anywhere any more; unless
it be in some strips of country compris-
ing tho bench lands and foothills In
Umatilla count-, and in Kaostcrn
Washington. The Eastern Oregon land,
where arable, and In belts of sufficient
moisture in tlie azgresite quite a
large area is of manehms fertility,
and grain-raiting will always consti
tute the main industry of this re urn.
Yet here, as in other industries, im
provement in many instances mav lie
made. Farmers must learn if all of
them have not already to "take
iwins" to put forth their best efforts
...... ... . . . :.. ..... .. .....I......
IU CUUIlUlllltC 111 kilt, M 1 11 111 11 1
being parsimonious. "Diversified
fanning" is, however, as a nile, the
only hojie of crmanent success. There
is room for the farming population to
grow ven- much yet in Eastern Oregon,
RIVER.
counties; a considerable part of Union
county, strips in WalIo.va, Baker and
Grant counties, and large undcvcloed
areas in Lake and Klamath counties
larger in the aggregate than some of
your Eastern states. All produ liar
ley and oats as well, and various k!n Is
of hay. Union county is esje.ijllv
good for hay as well as grain ; hence for
cattle feeding. Portions of all these
counties are well adapted to stock rais
ing, but the great stock counties are
Wallowa, Union, Malheur. Hamcv,
Grant, Crook, Klamath and Lake. The
richest mineral counties are Baker,
Grant and Union, though minerals are
foui.d in ojhers.
FRUIT AND OTHER THINGS.
Oregon fruit took the first prizes at
Uie World's Fair in Chicago. Some of
it came from Eastern Oregon. Tlie
Itest exhibit
at the recent Industrial winter on the Trirfwr pltt inns vliora TWillxu , Ml t . . ...
Kxitosition
ern Oregon-
around Milton,
uie ioiumina river region in wasco
world." It is big, Iwld. blushim:.
sonable distance of transportation fa-
cilities is profitable. Get a few acres
of fruit land; live easy and make mon-
cy. How many comfortable little
homes are there in Eastern as well as
wiiuuicru utir.nii wncre a larauy ta wen
sup-wted from the products of a few
acres of fruit land? Hundreds of them
in Portlan.1 waa from East- occaTuTnallv said W u tZL'?Sl ! S"8"1- "enelited; and
-the Walla Walla vallev. his Job teinnorariH- a,l 1 Vr""1?.6 ''""re-may mn of
, Umatilla count aid into a monkery or out of siimL But On VTOS" ',J
And there is room for hundreds more. dicajheRs; and some even allow them- ftate 'i,u already in force in Oregon, I
Eastern Oregon, though largely a selvi4o le swindled by quack doctors; V.-,0 to muc" I,ro!?"s made in
prairie, has plenty of timlter. This but yW Northcasterner needn't keep f-Jern Oregon in the next few years
supplies many saw mills, and gives away--if he has some monev onac- !n .t"e?'ay of reclaiming arid lands by
work to tie-makers, and wood-chop- count of the climate. It will be an ,rrl?atI0n- Some efforts in thatdirec
pe3 and linnse-buildors, and even agreeable change for him. And after tI0n .''?ve alreaIy been sufficiently suc-
splinter-whittlers,
AU but the last
W P fea'aeewty ,
"J
oi
the wvrlal ef 1m Mtat fcfWfc amfpuif
m in uu nnia4u.rlM 'Simula n
i '7- v'""!--. .-tv. ....(.
J" a descnj.tive article, and it must not
What all ele Eastern Oregon does or
fnigllt ptsluce J haven't space to men-
tion if know, I know then are good
dairy regions, and the Wn of butter
uml cheese can Ihi made, and sold at a
mm curem can ie maoe, ana soia ai a
itoimI nrlpn. I Im'Mhi'h It U ollmixl iit
sugar lnssta can 1h rnlstxl in navlns
BLUFF ON COLUMBIA RIVER.
qualitv and quantities in some locali
ties f know that other lieets as well as
other kinds of vegetables grow to such
size and erfe.tion that if I sho al.I tell
the truth about what I have seen a
New Enjlander wouldn't b?lieve ma
though 1 furnished an affidavit that I
am a deacon and voted for McKinley.
At least this I know: that all things
adaptable to thi latitude, necessary or
useful for man's comfort and liveli
hoo 1, can lie produce.! in Eastern Ore
gon, and generally with less effort and
sacrifice than are required in nun parts
of our country.
CLIMATE.
Perhaps I've said enough a) Hint cli
mate, unless for the Iwnefit of rome
Michirander or Verm outer who thinks
we're frozen up out here alntut seven
xnontlis in the year as he is. For my
part, I don't care much alxnit climate
within reaonable Christian limits.
I think, like Dr. Johnson, that cli
mate, or rather its effe;t on people, is
largely the result of imagination. I
never inquired much about climate
since I received a sample of Nevai a
climate many years ago, while in New
York, in an air-tight bottle, in answer
to my anxious inquiry about it- Well,
Eastern Oregon is cold in winter and
hot in summer; sometimes hotter and
sometimes colder; hotter down along
the Columbia river sands in summer,
where I have seen the silver haz in one
of the late Mr. Farenhc.t's machines
go up to Uie 115-degree mark; colder in
oniiBanlv the climate is irenpmlltr
comrarativelv short: nnv nr fmvr;n..
usually imlnn1 Lmni.n,t..
son.' The extremes mentioned oc-
cunt, at exceptional place where
noboV lives. Tlie climate is also ex-
ceptionallv healthful. Oreeon shows
me lowesi le:itli-r4te of anv state
excejn two or three, and Eastern Or(-
iron l the halthist mrt nf it
he lies lived here a few years it would
UTTER.
wtHi two or three well -
Jiatif iM3''" 1 ? 1 ot the
JiTl N f
;cueidfajfit;,
.- i.v. -..; :. ,. . i : .. . .
ei(iaintTiiiiiiM1eni''rifiii
Sp Ks trn Qrean ir a lawless,
.if.r;i:.n ..I..... i, i i i.
' ! 41 iiaa r wn
juteiaad lias xs many of them in pro-
bSasSl- wtth a liberal seiiool system.
aRd H thiMnn are as well provided
fer'i an tslucatiopaj wav as those of
tho atomce Northern state." O ves. thu
trachir is abroad In the land, and thn
tracntr is attroaq in tne land, and the
ii;i.i.n f 10 :n rJ i.....
moreiiow than those of 1G did 30 vears
ago "back East."
As to churches, one can find any de
nomination he wants, and not travel
far; to sav nothingof scoresof "evange
lists," "healers," "armies," and
religious dissenters, fakers, frauds,
mountebank", anil monomaniacs of all
imaginable sorts, styles, sizes and
sexes.
The secret societies are all well rep-p3-entcd
in the towns; and there are
all the usual dIuc.itio.-i iI, literary, so
cial, religious, charitable and industrial
societies, organisations, lodiws, camK,
o.-ders, conventicles and "functions"
taat tan ii?sibly lie good for anyone
who imagines that they are good
for him.
Of course, as yet, not much progress
has been made in m inufacturing in
Eastern Oregon, and within moderate
lines there is a gol field for enterpriH;
and capital in this direction. There
is a wpol scouring anil woolen manufac
turing establishment at Pendleton;
large flouring mills at various points;
saw mills many in the mountains, etc
Everyj considerable town has one or
more" "reliable tianks; the newcpipers
would in almost each case do credit to
a mucjj larger town than Uiat in which
it is r'iblished; and a brighter, more
libera-'and honorable class of business
men generally can be found nowhere.
Eas7j;rn O -egon, considering ite sitn-ation.'ltojon-aphy,
etc, is well sup
plied -with transportation facilities.
Now Uiat the Caule locks are com
pleted Uiat part if it tributary to The
FEBRUARY 9, 1897.
v; r "
lKKIliATIOA.
-'"-' i me cuuivilllie SOU 01 tast
ern Oregon needs no irrigation to in
duce It tn nrrxlnra ol...n.l..n.l... .l
large areas would vield mnA, i
an 'urer crops if irriratetl; and still
ot,,er Prton8 must be supplied arti-
ficl:l,Iy wh water to produce crop at
a'l. ut with irrigation will Ih; marvel-
,.v ternif. under tlie recent de-
ct"lon . "e United States sujreme
court in the "Wriirht ras nnl tlm
cess'u'.to encourage other similar
enterprises. It is well known'1y those
who are familiar with the subject that
1KB Hl'irg reliabjo a.jil valuable than
IHUCll lanjur tract situated in a loc.lity
wIihto irrigation i nqt deemetl neces.
Fan-, Thn we:ther gml, even In tho
of climates, Is capricious; he
Kwnis to like to plav a joke occa
sionally on poor tolling humanity in
the shape of a drouth, or bv going on a
"toot" with Jupiter Pluvius; but with
ditches filial with water from a never
failing source, the intelligence of man
tmirp lory- Better a littlo tnntt. Unix
PHPPH9! with water, of the Columbia
rtWuls or tlitf Walla Walla vallev gravel,
than a large and fertile grain ranch.
The amount of produce that such a
small tract will turn off is simply in
credible, to those who have not wit
nessed the results. And
re-stables etc., yet in cqnsmtintH o .
tS juantitlespf ajfalfa and other '
grasses, and yeotabjes suited for stock,
10 Sty nothingof grains and thehardicr
fruits, that it wilj prqdice, its am"U
f(rpej- Jess increased, by tho nrt of
irrigation, I judgo that only a com
jiaratlvcly small portion of Eastern
Orea can be profitably subjectetl to
irrigation; but it is certain that there
are many comparatively small districts,
amounting in the abrogate toaJargM
area, t uit by this oH.T.itio,n win ii
made yery proluctive iw Vuuablo, ami
eilule Of' spio,rting tun, an Imn
weJ, n some' instjniu perhaps n
l!Utistn pcrtmns where thevaronow
occupied by ne. All thi-j "will take
time, energy, enterprise, patience; but
tlie re-A-anls are ample and sure. The
soil, even though In appearance a per
fect desert, is in every case exceedingly
fertile; theonly questions necessary to
wsunii eausiucioriiy are: uan, ti
s.u ient ""PPly of water Ikj obtained?
And at what cpst? He wio thns con-
"!!-, ngtonry mvs for hinifelf
Home and become ileiHiiidetit, but
lwncfits his ncizliIwrV Uicummnnitv
i i - .- .,
unjuiui nun, lliu aiHBIV. inn 8tatO. tne
iiMifli?innv
. 'P PPul:t" of Eastern Oregon
. inj-reaeq sieaiiuy, u gradually,
?lnce 't-" first suttlemont. Being an
,n.'un, . n,rjon ,l iias &apel the
booming of coast localities, and its
"im...9 iwjuuc. hhu hi
growth has been normal and heulthv.
While, as a whole, It is not calculated
to sustain as laivea nonulation as some
other, regions, it can accommodate
many tens of thousands more of people,
ere its resources and opportunities are
exhausted. With so large an area of
fertile soil, a generally mild and
healthful climate, and go manv ave
nues of honest effort, its plains and its
mountains, its breezes and its brooks,
its manifold forms of natural capital,
speak to its residents in whispers of
encouragement, and to strangers in
terms of modest invitation. It pre
sents little of its best side to the trav
eler; the railroad was built to
accommodate itself to topographical
conditions, not to show off thecountry;
yet the obsenant stranger must know
that Uiere are valuable resources in a
conntry that supports such towns as
Baker City, La Grande, Pendleton,
and Tlie Dalles; and that affords such
evidences of business and prosjierity all
along the line. Eastern Oregon needs
immigrants of certain sorts and they
will come gradually. It wants no
simulators, no lwomers, no mere money-lenders,
no professional men from
lawyers to gamblers, who think it is an
easier country to gain a livelihood by
third-rate wits than that they left. Of
course the country is over-s'tocked, as
every other region is, with professional
men, good, bad and indifferent; yet
such men can succeed here the same as
clsewhert but on no easier term
good, faithful, persevering, capable
work. Common laborers, too. will
find Uiis just about as haul a field as
any other. A sober, stronz, industri
ous young man, willing to do whatever
is offered, and patiently and slowly
work his way on, will find something
to do, at somewhat letter wages than
he would receive in some other parts of
the country; but there is no induce
ment fo. such men to come hither.
The country needs workers, but men
w'th at least a littla ready cipital, men
w to can and will help develop the
mines and waste lands, and who are
culturaltsts, lweathcr"or ?U
least that phase of it known na iuh.
irrigated district doeg not lie contign
CIl? transportation facilities, and
therefore is not rofi.ililn fr- fruit
ready and able to enpige in and aid all
sorts of industrial enteririses; voung,
pushing, progressive, e-arnest, "home
Imilding, industry-developing, state
swelling men. For such there is room
and opportunity in Eastern Oregon;
and there such men will succeed. "
I have already alluded to the com
pletion of the Cascades locks, the con
struction of which was begun eighteen
years ago. For the first time steam
boats began a few weeks ago to ascend
the river to The Dalles. The conse
quence will be the saving of hundreds
of thousands of dollars annually to the
producers of that portion of Eastern
Oregon and Washington tributary to
S lints between the Cascades an.l Tlie
alles, inclusive. This, when all ag
ricultural products are produced at a
small margin of profit, if anv, is a
mighty big help to the producers of
that region, which, understand, x
tends back at least on Uie Oregon sido
of the river at least 150 miles. Tho
LATOTJRELLE FALLS
at least equally productive region lying
pevond that aueeteil ,py this event lias
thu fame direction. It mav r.'ot 1h
very many year till the liout raIn
near Celilo i-i completed, and then the
producers of the farther Eastern Ore
gon Gillism, Mor.-ow, LTmatilla and
adjacent counties ill be relieved of a
very -appreciable portion of their trans
portation burdens. If it were known
that the boat railway would not Iks
completed in another eighteen years, it
would richly repay the producers of
those counties to build a portage rail
road, at their own expense, to connect
the uper and middle river. Even as
it is, they have been trranted quite
liberal reductions in freight rates,
compared with those of a few years ago;
and In a few years more they will se
cure further advantages and still "better
terms, until, with their big crops and
favorable climate, they will be in a
very satis'facton position, as regards
the transportation of their products to
the world's markets. The great river
of the Northwest must and shall lie
open from the head of navigation to the
sea. The great work already accom-
Slished is an earnest of that yet to lie
one. Having done so much, tlie gov
ernment will not stop now, but, under
the contract system, is sure to push the
other great project to a successful ter
mination. And all development, all
progress, ail increase of products or
Imsinefs in that region, comes as a
forcible argument for the accomplish
ment of that work.
A SUMMARY GLANCE.
Anil thus from my eyrie I have hast
ily glanced over that variegated ex
panse, from snow-clad mountains to
gliding river; and behold, when all is
considered and compared and assimi-
MOUNT ADAMS FROM COLUMBIA RIVER.
lated and appreciated, it is "very
good." If I have been chilled by
fathomless heaps of snow, I know that
they can transform arid wastes into
rich jrardens. If I have stoxl almost
appalled at the rugjedness of the
mountains and the aliysses of the can
yons, I have smiled upon them as I
reflected that there are literally "mil
lions in them." If I have let my
vision wander across many miles o"f
plain, upon which the summer sun
beats down unhindered, I conjured the
vision of many a goo.l, staunch ship,
bearing awav the products of these
prai'ies to feed the people of far dis
tant lands. And as 1 overlooked ten
thousand flocks and henls, and their
owners and attendants, and began to
pity them on account of their quiet,
solitary life, 1 reflected Uiat heie, was
freedom, health, comparative inno
cence, almost certain pecuniary gains;
and that perhaps God is nearer, and
more accessible, here on these hills,
tlian in the more crowded, selfish ave
nues of life. It was the shepherds
who heard the first Christmas carol.
Even as my pize turned toward the
strips of sa'ndy wastes I found encour
agement ami promise; fragrant and
iMsmtiful wild flowers peeped up at me,
though "born to blush unseen ; and a
vagrant and giant stalk of grain by a
tiny oasis was eloquent of the virtues
of its little sjxit of mother earth. And
then my vision passed out and down
upon tlie great, silent, gliding, rushing.
mystery-learing river, and it seemed
to whisi;r of beneficent and glorious
things to lie, of which it was born to
Ikj the mother, and our great govern
ment the father. But the sun goes
down leliind the evergreen mountains,
and plain and valley fade from sight.
What more can I say in 'this
COL
brief, rai
our fair
most I
it. Js-
common
Pacific Northwest.
surely and steadilv tiriwi mill ilrTirlnw
ond add to and enlarge its opportuni
ties for all worthy, toiling citizens.
The fruitful fields and blossoming or
diards will still spread over our bare
prairies; mountains will send down
greater and richer returns; even some
of our, desert places, by the aid of water
now going to waste, will be made to
bloom and blossom as the rose. The
cattle and sheep and swine of our
thousamls of hills will multiply for
men's benefit; and the fame of our
products shall reach to the uttermost
parta.of the land. Our cities will grow
and our towns multiply; one enterprise
will follow on theheels of another; and
when in a gotd old age, after a well
sjwnt life, each .of us lies down on the
old all-mother's breast, we can say: "I
am glad I lived here; I had my portion
oi a goodly heritage."
J. P. WAGER.
CRATER LAKE.
CraterLake, in Klamath county, one4.
of the fourteen counties of Eastern Or
egon, may here receive attention. It
is presumably an extinct volcano, in
the Cascade range. Here is a chasm ,
with a total depth of 5000 feet. Over
2000 feet of this is occupied by a body
of water G miles wide and 8 miles long.
This lake lies i,300 feet above the level
of the sea, and at various points 1000 to
000 fiet IhiIow the perpetually snow
capped rim of the walls which surround
it. At but one point can an approach
be made to the water. A little south
west of the center of the lake a circu
lar island ries to a height of 850 feet.
In the top of this Wiwrd Island is the
Witches' Caldron, 100 feet deep and
475 feet across. Everywhere are the
evidencesof the dread forces which
produced it, inspiring one with much
less admiration for its beauty than ter
ror at its awfulness. Some "five town
ships, within which lies Crater Lake,
have lieen set apart as the Oregon Na
tional Park, containing many objects
of great natural beauty and wonder.
Springs, hot and cold, medicinal and
hygenica-e numerous in the vicinity,
while its fine lakes and streams
abound with fish. Game is plentiful
aid th country about Crater lake is
bjcoiiiing a juradise for those who
love hunting and fishing.
rrUTlTi ITYTB 'jdffiti3.i
-'bermfiwelI-ifcSr "