THE DAILY EAST OltEGONIAN-NEW YEAIl'S EDITION" If ItlDAY, JANUAKY , 1892.
ifflSTORY OF IRRIGATION,
ill Is as Yet in its Infancy in East
ern Oregon,
THE BEGINNING MADE IN UMATILLA.
JTbe Local Enterprises Inaugurated The Dif
ficulties Overcome The Future
ot Irrigation.
iVrllt'n for tlio H lir Orwm.vA.
When wo begin to search through thu
-ill in uiul misty pages or antiquity for
nlio llnt record or mini using urtlllelnl
incuiiH for tlio prnilnct Ion of his crops,
vie. aro Hiiro to become lout In tlio obscur
51 ty cf lime. Wo gather from sacred mid
profane lilHtory tlmt ever slnen mini bus
.kept any record of event'), certain ugrl--cultural
suction!) lntvo practiced Irrlga
.tlon to a greater or less degree of sue
com. Nearly every country on the
Eastern Hemisphere had built extensive
uiqueducts, and spacious reservoirs long
Jong liuforn tlio Western Hemisphere
-was known to exist. Hut after all their
Jong centuries or experiment and Invos
jtlgatlmt, It remained for American thrift
aind Ingenuity to conceive and nut Into
imieccslnl operation hoiiio of tlio most
illlucult, and at the niiiiio time, most
With few exceptions Irrigation enter
prises have proved a blessing to man
kind, no matter whether founded and
fostered under the sanction of Sultan,
King or Czar, or in a free country.
Irrigation In the United States 1b like
a new born Infant, mulling iu Us mother's
arms. It tin met. and will continue to
meet, many dllllcultles and obstructions
that at times appear lusurmouutiible-but
like the child grown to manhood'H cour
ageous state, lio opposing obitaelo will
be strong enough, or yield sulllclent in
llucuco to stop its onward march. There
are many aged theories, tlmt hang like a
mill stono aroiuid the neck of every new
endeavor, that must first bo overcome,
before an open pathway leading to sue
cess can bo paved. "Selfishness," the
greatest band of tlio human heart, Is ono
of the iiiostdKllcult obstacles to be over
come by irrigation.
lilt: 01.11 PIONKKIt
llelug the llrst neuter In a new country,
and tills was all now country not long
ago, for numerous good reaons locates
his claim near tlio largest stream, and
when Uncle Sam Issues him n patent
therefor, he believes as a maxim of law
that iiu has acquired title to everything
In and upon that laud extending not
alone over lis surface, but reaching from
tlio center of the earth below to thu blue
vaults of heaven above, Our pioneers
aro not alono responsible for tlio exist
ence of those seltlsli opinions; they are
tlio natural cininatlous of a barbarous
race whose downfall and ruin was tlio
direct result of their iumito sclllshncsH.
The Idea of "riparian rights," or that u
man owned thu full How of the water
that passed through his laud, dates back
to the old year nooks of tlio Itoiuuns;
farmer heave with jealousy, for his soil
will not produce such crops of corn, po
tatoes and fruit, no mutter how much
toil and care or anxious hours of doubt
and watchfulness he may bestow upon
them.
I 1I0TII t'TAII AND CAI.IHOHNIA
Lay claim to having put the llrst Jrrlgu
tlon scheme In successful operation; but
it matters little to us where the Idea llrst
originated, or where artillclal rainfall llrst
I found Its advocates. It has enlisted
thousands oT true apostles to Its cause,
who will wave the irrigation banner over
tunny thousand happy homes on tlio arid
western plains. Irrigation performs u
double mission. It not only reclaims and
brings Into utility tlio arid lauds to which
it is applied, but It brings men Into a
closer and more scientific relation with
his labors.
In the raluhelt redon all the science
that is required Is to plow and seed tlio
soli at the proper season, and when bar
vest time comes, if It over does, proceed
to reap tlio ripened grain. While In the
Irrigated region hu must get In closer
communion wttli his work, else naught
but failure will be his reward. To meet
with anything like satisfactory suc
cess, ho must apply tlio water to his soli
only when It Is needed, The degrees of
success or failure will bo characteristic
of ills Intelligence or neglect. It is not
a question of how much water can bo
put on n certain amount of ground, but
how much is actually required.
TIIH TIIIK IX TIIK TWIN OK KOKTUNK
will soon roll around to thu Irrigated
farm and out or thu abundant era of thu
arid West, the thousands of homeless
renters of the East will secure for them-
SCKNUIIN AN IMKIOATEI) FAHM.
iprollliible pieces of engineering skill thu
world has over known. Great, inasslvo
dams of solid masonry yet remain In In
din, which was used by man, iu some
dim, unwritten period of tho past to dl
wort. t lie (valors of some forgotten river,
.to the arid lauds along Its border. Tlio
river and canals, In many Instances,
fhave. become extinct through the
.changes, and alterations of time, and the
wholu system would have been lost to
stho memory of man, only for these time
enduring piles of stone and mortar, but
;these eternal monuments will endure
:iong after tlio people who gave them I
imIiiioo will bo known onlv In tradition, j
Nearly every dominion of the old
world lias practiced Irrigation to u cor-,
italu extent, but In some of those conn
titles It seems not to have been a success,
or elso It would never have been ubau
doned. In l.gypt and India wo have authentic
.history ot Irrigation dating back over
tthroo thousand years. And how much
longer It hud been used as a compromise
(between plenty mid starvation Is dllllcult
.to guess.
I.ltlle Is known of the system em
ployed by those ancient dam builders In
(reclaming the arid lauds of that country,
.but judging from the length of time It
Jims been practiced, and the many ntll
JIoiih of peoplo that have fed from their
crib - we can guess, with reasonable
certainly, that It was not a failure,
IHIIIOATION IN CHINA.
China also has a system of Irrigation
'J u sonio of her arid provinces, that, ac
cording to Celestial history, considerably
;uutcdatca Captain Noah's famous voyage.
Whether Uu dates aro correct or false,
ouu fact remains true, largo tracts of laud
:aru Hooded by artillclal methods, and
imuny thousands of the almond-eyed race
.receive their sustenance therefrom. All
.the Irrigation schemes and projects In
.India, are under the direct supervision
of tlio government. Thereforo private
corporations ami Individual enterprises
mtmi oirered very little eironnigeineut.
Whenever state olllclals agree that u
certain country or community would bo
.beiielllted to the extent of the cost of a
eauul they forthwith proceed to levy
.tribute upon the territory to bo bonoilt
.ted by a graduated tux a stem, and the
work is carried on with the strictest
fidelity and economy until It Is eomplet
cd. Tlio revenue accruing to the govern
.incut from some of their most exteiiblvo
canals, amounts to nearly 100 per cent.
Intercut on the cost price of construction.
In tli provinces of India over which
alio English government exerts paternal
care, the Irrigation canals and aqueducts
.are owned and operated In a similar way
Ho the colonization plan adopted bv the
Frcuch lit tho S.dmru districts of Africa.
And not altogether unlike thu cu-opcru-tlve
plans that are ho succcssftilh em
-jiloytHl In certain sections of the United
ititutes. Here all tho porous owning
'.laud covered by the canal aro made
.juituers Iu Its construction and opera
-thin, and as a consequence have a greater
Interest In Its success, than when they
are mero renters Irom the general gov--eminent,
or from largo syndicates own
ing ami operating under Its sanction.
while tlio Greeks and Persians took a
more liberal view of tho distribution of
i the water supply, and allowed tho llrst
seiner to appropriate ouiy ino amount
necessary lor jus own use. -j no koiiiuiis
gave It ull to kcIIIhIi few. and when wo
read of tho rise and decline of that once
mighty empire, we readily discover tlio
unsound timbers of the whole structure.
A nation can no more flourish under un
just and Hellish legislation than an Indi
vidual can bo content and happy around
the cumptlro of Ids enemy.
Thu subject of Irrigation has been
agitating tho minds of tho world's think
ers ami reformers from the earliest his.
tory or man's battle for bread, until tho
present. Iu a few Instances tlio conflict
terminated In a "lost cause," but In the
majority or cases It lias tieeu tlio means
of building up a happy and eontogted
peoplo.
If It wore possible In these brief lines,
no subject would give rise to pleusiinter
thoughts than a general review of thu
grand and extensive Irrigation canals and
aqueducts completed ami In progress Iu
the various portions of tho old world;
but this would exhaust tho space allotted
to this article, and there are many prob
lems of greater magnitude and Interest
to us near home. Wo will pass the Irri
gation achievements of tho old world for
the present and glance at those of tho
new,
lllltKIATIIIN AT IIOMi:.
Until the last few years there has been
no attempt mnde by any of tho states to
enact special laws for thu distribution of
tho water supply. Iu fact there has but
recently arisen any need for such legisla
tion, but the hour is now at hand when
something Iu this lino must bo done.
Thu importance of the subject demands
Immediate action, and, fortunately for
those most concerned, a leader has been
chosen from the "rank and Illo" who will
lead us on to victory,
Till: "IHIIIOATION AOK"
Is tho name of the captain alluded to,
and Ids words of wisdom are bringing
hope and good cheer to many a lonely
heart on tho sterile western plains. Ills
present headquarters aro at Salt Luke,
Utah, the birthplace of Irrigation, ami
the geographical center of tho arid terri
tory. Although permanently located, hu
makes semi-monthly Intellectual visits to
mountain, valley and glen iu tho West.
It must bo conceded by everyone who
has given tho subject a moment s thought,
that the future horticultural and. to a
great extent, agricultural possibilities In
the ktates west of tho MWsourl, depend
entirely upon tho development of a moro
comolete and extensive water suiudv.
Future developments Iu thu lines of In I
diutry above referred to lmvo almost
reached the end of tho tether In tho arid
areas, and these Indispensable interests of
wealth and prosperity uro anxiously IU
teuliig for tho chimes that will uuuouucu
that laud and water have been wedded.
Tho Irrigated farm presents a pleasant
picture of contentment and plenty that
makes thu breast ot tho old dry-laud j
solves, and their posterity, an heritage
they can cull their own.
Tho diversified Industries of tho east
ern, and older settled states, aro fast be
coming Inadequate to tho demands of the
vast army of young Americans that must
find a place to labor for their dully bread,
and who aro becoming so crowded In tho
largo cities, that a clamor for u home of
their own lias been heard, hut the crv
cannot be answered, oust of the Missouri,
save by a mocking echo.
men wnere, ami now can tiieso tin
fortumitcs bo provided with the homes
thoy so Justly cravo: A soft breeze from
the Pacific wafts tho answer across the
Hocklcs. "Tho nrld West." Hero are un
occupied homes for countless thousands.
llicwcnitii ot tlio eastern states 1ms
been so completely pre-empted by thu
few, that tlio vast majority who are not
provided with a homo of modest Import,
have begun to look upon prosperity as a
reaiuy only in tiiougnt.
And as tlio climate and quality of thu
soil Is ouch us to render artificial means
of cultivation and extension entirely lui-
pruciicunie, it becomes an imperative
necessity for tho futnro homo-seeker to
direct his attention to tlio arid West,
where possibilities uro virtually unlimi
ted. Where ten acres of laud properly
Irrigated will render us good results us
eighty acres in Illinois or Iowa. These
statements will bo strange sounds, no
doubt, to the cur of our custom brother,
whose knowledge of the subject amounts
to less than nothing. Hut these aro
strange times, and now scenes aro being
enacted on the stage. The old violin
that was nil out of tune yesterday Is
giving forth the most harmonious melo
dies today. This Is a new era. Tlio
funeral anthems of the 10th century uro
awakening Into life and activity uew
energies und Industries that will provldo
homes und employment In thu arid West
for tho Innumerable hosts of our fellow
men who uro turning their thoughts and
their hopes this way. Kro the dawn of
another century, tlio busy hum of Indus
try will break forth und startlo tho unlet
solitude of the desert mountain tlopes,
und desert valleys that have lain Idle
through unbroken centuries, because
nature had fulled to endow them with
sulllclent moisture to produce vegeta
tion, will, by tlio aid of irrigation, bo
uuuie to bloom with verdure ricn unit
rare.
Hundreds of cities and hamlets have
sprung Into existence on tho jireat man
of the universe, where but a few years
past iiiu uuiutoreu ami uiuetiereu savage
held ubsoluto control.
I housands of well established homes
now dot the lnter-mountain regious,
where only yesterday, as It were, count
less herds of wild bulTulo nipped the
scunty herbage tlmt peeped above thu
ground. Tomorrow will witness greater
changes than today. Tho weather vane
of prosperity for the early part of the
next century points directly toward tho
arid West.
As our fathers turned over with plow
mid spade, the battle fields of those noble
wurrlors "Mack Hawk" and "Hiawatha,"
so we iu taking up tho march of pro
gress towanl the west, will homestead
tho favorite battle grounds of chiefs
"Joseph" and "Sitting Hull."
No country on the globe chii produco
so many men of genius and scientific
attalnmejits us theso United Suites, nnd
no greater proofs oftholr Intellect add
ability, cun bo found than in tlio numer
ous aqueducts, canals, reservoirs und tun
nels that have been conceived, planned
nnd completed In the states of California,
Utah, Colorado, Idaho and Oregon, with
in the last few years, and still the good
work goes on.
Tlio land where now stands tlio town of
Greoly, Colorado, was but yosterduv. as
wo measure the flight of tithe, nothing
but a barren waste of tlio most desolate
character. Water has been secured from
a neighboring stream and turned upon
the dry plain, nnd now tlio busy hum of
machinery hits supplanted the music of
tlio burking of the wild beasts, and many
hundreds of happy families lmvo found
a habitation ami a home. Tho settle
ment of the Greeley district, and tho
building oT a city on tho arid plain, Is no
greater achievement than hundreds of
ot Iters. ,
Other Illustrations of what can nnd is
being accomplished In localities where
men of energy ami Intellect have taken
tho matter In hand, is tlio "Glemloru"
district In southern California. Nature
had seemed to have forgotten to provide
u water supply for this locality, audit
looked like any phut for pcoplciug this
beautiful tract of the sunny orange belt
could meet with naught but lallure.
Storage reservoirs for holding the winter
surplus hud been constructed, A cement
ditch 22 miles In length had been built,
and every means tit hand had been em
ployed to catch nnd hold all tlio water
available, but these means fell far short
of the demands In the long dry Hummers,
and the community found Itself strug
gling for existence, while their trees and
vines were dying for want of u little
more moisture. It seemed for a
time that mi iinsiilllclent supply of water
must drive these peoplo from their
homes, that their hopes of rearing tin or
chard or vineyard on these plains must
be abandoned, lor there seemed to
bo no feasible plan for developing moro
water than they hud. Hut there arose
from their midst, iilncnlx like, a genius
equal to the occasion. About four miles
above where tho San Gabriel river enters
the beautiful valley of the sumo name,
a shaft was huiik to ascertain the depth
to Ded-rock. After passing through 111)
feet of loose uravel. and arrival deposits
the objective point was reached, and It
was also discovered that a largo volume
or water found lodgment on Its surface.
Thu next vexatious problem was how to
get it on top ot the ground. A survey
was made to ascertain the trend of tlio
laud, and a point .it thu foot of a itrolect
lug ridge three-fourths of a mile below,
was selected, and thu work of boring a
tunnel was begun. After two years of
constant lanor, tnu worKiueii in tnu tun
nel came to the bed-rock at the exact
spot where It hud been reached by the
shaft. A cross-cut was made, ami wing
dams put In to divert all tho water or
this underground river Into thu canal
provided for Its conveyance to the sur
face. It was found that their hopes and
anticipations hud been moro than real
ized, und tlio company's stock leaped up
at a single bound, from less than half
their value, to 100 per cent, premium.
The district has been cnlurecd and ex
tended until tho entire communities of
Gladstone, Glendom and Covlnu have
been included Iu Its vast and complete
system.
I'KllllAI'S NO COMMUNITY
or corporation lias made a more careful
study of the amount of water required to
Irrigate tin itcro of dry laud, and after
yearn of watchfulness nnd Investigation,
do come, nnd with a wonderful degree of
regularity, la u fact. They bring with
them u current of warm atmosphere that
melts tho snow like u heated furnace, and
turns in a few hours thu cold, bleak
weather of December into the balmy
June.
KVKItV NHW THINII
has Its pioneers, nnd In no Held of
thought or action, arc the pioneers more
Justly entitled to weur the golden spur
than those who formed thu advance
guard In the conflict now raging between
the rain belt area and tho arid region.
While tho battles over "free" and "limi
ted" coinage of stiver, and questions of
Import nnd the tarilT, are being waged
with vigor in the halls of congress, we,
of tho nrld west, should not allow a sub
ject that will pave the way to our Ilium
clal prosperity to slumber. If the nu
tlonnl government will cede to the west
ern states thu arid lauds within their sev
eral borders, their future prosperity is
assured. Nothing can stay their on
ward progress, wive the letlinrgy of tlio
people.
(INK Of TIIK MOST IMI'OIITANT
acts of the legislnturo of Oregon, was
J passed at tltc last session of that body,
nnd Is generally known ns tho "Haley
Hill." The bill was drawn by L. 11. Cox,
Esq., an ex-member of the legislature
from Umatilla county, but now ono of
' the prominent lawyers of the state, re
siding ut Portland. Mr. Cox spent u
1 great deal of tlmu Iu examining und
comparing the nets of tho ilHTcrcut states
that hud legislated on the subject. It
required moro than ordinary efforts to
make It u law, owing to the determined
opposition of the legislative members
from the valley counties.
As that part of the state Is abundantly
supplied with natural ruin full, It was a
dllllcult task to imiku them comprehend
Its Importance In any other locality. The
members from all the arid counties stood
shoulder to shoulder, ami the result was
Tin: nn.i. iikcami: a law.
The bill Inn no doubt Imperfect fea
tures, and will be Injurlousto n few Indi
viduals, but lu the main it Is u wise und
timely piece of legislation. Since thu
passage of the act, numerous companies,
great and small, have been organized
under its provisions for the purpose of
reclaiming thousands of acres of arid
domains. A few canals lmvo boon com
pleted ami others are lu course of con
struction. A.MOMI TIIK IIIIIKIATION KNTIllll'IIISKH,
Thu ditch companies of Umatilla coun
ty, that have already begun work, and
whoso systems will bo completed us fust
us menus can be secured, the Umatilla
Irrigation Company stands llrst. This
company was organized before the pas
sago of tlio Haley bill, and It Is quite ap
parent that Its lulliienco secured the pas
sage of the bill.
This company's canal Is taken from the
Umatilla river about twenty-three miles
above I'eudletou, and Is conducted
around the rock bluff bv means of n
flume HxO'i feet with a fall of one foot
to the 500. with a carrying capacity of
510 cubic feet per second. This amount
of water Is sulllclent to Irrigate, In ordi
nary seasons, at least oo.ooo acres. Tlio
company have already secured contracts
for 20,000 acres, and us soon us the ditch
Is completed, there will be a demand for
A. L. Adams, the engineer In cluirgo of
the field work of the Umatilla Irrigation
Company, has made a careful gunglng of
the wider In thu river during tho past
year, and his report showH an nmplo Blip
ply of water to (111 tho canal up to tho
middle of July. After that date there Is
a perceptible shrinkage, but us most of
the griilu and vegetables will have ma
tured by that date there will bo little de
mand for wider nftei that time. Iu order
to protect their customers ngnlnst such a
contingency Hie company lmvo selected
some lurgo reservoir sites which they
propose to complete ut an enrly day.
Tlio Columbia Valley Land and Irri
gation Company was Incorporated March
ill. 181H, with a capital Block of 1,000,
000. They propose to divert tlio waters
of the Umatilla river at u point nenr tho
town of Echo, uboiit 25 miles below Pen
dleton. From there it will parallel tho
Umatilla and Columbia rivers a distance
of 50 miles. This canal will puss over n
section of country that, at present Is en
tirely worthless, and is all unoccupied.
Thero will be no dllllcult or costly work
on the entire route, nnd the point of di
version Is ono which nature In her wis
dom has seemed to lmvo arranged.
KHU1T, HWKKT I'OTATOKH AND I'KANtJTS
Have been tried on a limited scale In a
few places nenr the mouth of the Uma
tilla river, nnd the test tins been very sat
isfactory. When tills company gets Its
ditch completed thero will ho no further
occasion to ship sweet potatoes from
Southern Cnllfornlu or Guber pens from
Georgia to .Eastern Oregon.
Seven miles of tho mnlii Hue of tho
cnnnl has been completed, and the cross
section work of nineteen miles more.
Three large natural reservoirs along tho
line of the ditch lmvo been located,
whose aggregate holding capacity Is over
200,000,000 cubic feet. All the land on
the route of the tlllch Is nearly level, nnd
splendidly adapted to an ensy system of
Irrigation, und there uro several thousand
acres unclaimed that Is subject to homo
stead or entry under the desert act.
Another large Irrigation enterprise Is
that of thu llluo Mountain Irrigation
Company, who prupos to put in a sixty
foot dam across the canvou on Mclfny
creek about 20 mllcH aliovo Pendleton.
At this point the creek flows through n
narrow gorgo with solid bedrock wulls
on either side, with the canyon consider
ably widened n llttlo Turllier up.
'1 his company will carry Its cnnnl on
the divide south and southeast of Pen
illetou, und will erect n largu storage
reservoir directly above tho town, where
a 1100 foot fall will romlsh power for all
the machinery now iu use- or Iu content,
phitlon for Hovorul years to come.
tiik .mud ciii:i:k ditch comiunv
Is a corporation of fanners who are so
curing water for their own Individual
uses ami benellts. They have constructed
about live miles or their ditch which Is
six feet wide by two feet lu depth. Tho
point of diversion Is on tho Walla Walla
river, at the north limits of tho town of
Kreewuter. Tho capital stock Is $15,000
divided Into 150 shares, nnd till taken.
About 10,000 acres of nrld land will bo
reclulmed by the system; nnd two Htorngo
reservoirs will be tlio coetly part of Its
construction. I). W. McDanmild, J. S.
Hodgen, W. A. Smiley und .lames Dodd
uro the Incorporators. Tho east end or
Umiitllhi county, known as the Walla
Valla valley. Is the oldest Irrlimtnit ..
tlon of Oregon, und has fullv demonstra
ted what water will do. "Alfalfa and
clover grow to prodigious heights, and
AN IRRIGATED ORCHARD
they lmvo found that ono inch to seven
acres Is umple for ordinary seasons. Tak
ing Into consideration the short seasons
of drouth, and the creat amount of clay
and sediment lu tho formation of our soil,
It is quite apparent, to any one who has
made a careful study of tho subject, that
one Inch of water, properly distributed,
ought to be uutllcleut to Irrigate ten
acres anywhere In Umatilla county, un
less It bo the moro sandy up-lauds lying
near tho Columbia river. Notwithstand
ing the demauds theso lauds will make
for moro water, they will bo none tho
less valuable for tho reason tlmt they are
admirably situated for tho production of
a class of fruits and vegetables that can
not bo successfully grown lu any other
locality of a similar latitude. Tho warm
currents of wind thut blow up through
tho Columbia gup of tho Cascade range,
have long been a wonder to those who
have observed them, und mado them a
careful study. Where they como from
Is a matter of uncertainty. Some claim
they aro ott-sprlngs of the Japancso cur
rents that come und go with such marked
regularity, whllo others claim to have
traced them to tho Gulf of Mexico, and
believe they lmvo found their origin in
tho warm currents that cross the vast
deserts that Ho directly to the north of
the gulf. How they tlud their way up
and cross tho many low valleys, aud
high mountains, is not altogether clear to
the average mlud, but the fact that they
moro water than it can supply, The
main ditch will bo 45 miles lu length,
100 miles of laterals aud feeders.
Tho main canal Is 28 feet on the hot
tout, sides sloping to 03 cm top, carrying
n maximum depth of 7J feet. The gen
eral route of tho ditch will bo from tho
point of diversion down tho blufl' of tho
Umatilla river to a point one and a half
miles below Cnyusa station, thence north
across tho Indian reservation, crossing
Wild Horse oreok half a mllo below
Adams, by means of a high llume. This,
und tho llume aloug tho rock bluffs of
tho Umatilla river will bo tho only difll
sult work the company will encounter.
Tito lauds to be Irrigated He to tho
north and west of Pendleton, aud as na
turn has provided them with moisture In
sulllclent to produce crops with uny do
greo of certainty, in their present Btato
uro almost valueless, but with plentv of,
water, thoy will provo as valuablo as any ,
lauds lu tho whole United States. Tho
climate aud soil nre such ns to mako fruit
growing Immensely profitable. Every'
variety Known to tho temperate zone at
tain to the highest degree of perfection.
I'KAIIS, CHUNKS AND CIlKKlllliS I
Find this a most congenial home, w hllo I
watermelons of cxqulslto flavor grow as
largo as Kansas pumpkins. Nearer tho
Columbia nectarines, apricots and raisin
grapes will tlud a home as natural In
every iustauce as that of Southern California.
four good crops Is tho usual harvest.
Tho Haucli Irrlgutlou Company pro
peso taking water from W. 8. Hyors' mill
race, lu tho town of Pendleton, Capital
$000.
Tho Ollvor Ditch Company Is anothor
Pendleton enterprise. Capital 10,000.
TIIK HUDSON HAY IIlHIOATION AND IM
I'HOVEMKNT COMPANY
Propose to build ditches, dams, reser
voirs and Humes at a cost not to excoed
500,000. They will divert tho waters of
Pino creek over as much of tho arid
domain ns Its limited quantity will do
Justice to. W. 8. Goodman, H. E. Young
und H. Stubblelleld aro the promoters.
Theso gentlemen have now in cultivation
nearly 1000 acres of alfalfa, which ylolds
splendid returns. So good, iu fact, that
each of them und Beveral others In tho
samo locality, nave become wealthy from
the salo of their hoy crops.
Tho Eastern Umatilla Irrigation Com-
nnnv will tnlrn iralu, fr.....
l. Y, , -- v.,,, mo ,v una
n alia river above Milton and convoy it
on to tho dry hinds a few miles to the
..'net AXrViW
The Wild Horse Company with a cap
ital of 250,000, propose to operate
ditch and flume for tho benefit of tho
arid belt south and west of Adams,
'I he Valley Imitation Company will
Uke its water mpply from the UumtilU
river. Ti F. Kourke, cashitr of the