fear's Edition,
U0O Copies.
Twelve Pages,
With Illustrated Supplement.
PENDLETON, UMATILLA CO., OREGON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 2, 1889.
Mifh;lnil I'entiirn", gull, Oil
tnnitl iiciiiirirm
-jDl.tN IIIISI'.HVATION.
rt.Vltf t rm l'reiit niid
w, ..... .
L,.,.or."lMriiiii.i necKin.
L3 remarked Unit if ill tho nil
I's.'S the chntiite, Hoil, and con
the two coasts of tlio Nortl
i rootincut hud been rovcrse.!
Iffst Kuroicun InitnlgratitH nr-
our shores, to mako tholr
l, to tlicm, now worltl, not only
tut ultliuato results, wotiI
iLi: dlfTcriuit from what they
. ... ..I II.. -I....M.. I.
I. lnsicuii in u memo, rocii.
lit," ml long, severe, dreary
rwinlcrs, hero they would
M almost a semi-tropical noil
c; nature, in places, fruitful
brislituKl (IroaniH; brief,
leri, nd luii),', tomporato Hum.
la prairies ready for the plow,
list but Blight attention and
1mm with fruit and f lowers.
I tine; nml, what they sought
ki!I,lnuncn?o truaHtiru oi gold
HKlltmit tho coihiiuoiih wero
Isrtrscu. In the rigorous cll
ca llic imidtfina foil of Now
ludbytlio sunda and swamps
it tun mo uuroiinus, umtd
lud trials, worn reared tho
Id the lmtlon, who doublleHH
: tho hardy, rinrifod nuturcs
i tbe outgrowth of such mir-
ptberthun tliu more pllublo
if, li not inoro ollomlnuto,
might liavo bCCII dovel-
the ujIiii and bloom of tho
NO 2G0.
J1TII I A nnilMTY. Wasco, Crook. Klatnutli. i.nln n..,i - - - -.
Irtlitun Mil hour. Il.ikor ri V. " T."" ' ""Vu,,u "ls.,ol,u oiiiuor.iiiiy hroken . parison. nllordim: nmi.li. oimnrtunl-.- fnr ..I...... .,f ,ii.,.t fir. n,n n.. m
tilla, Morrow and (1 Hnni n wl 0, r , " ., ""L.WSL.W" !!''' "'" ipmfortublo sleep. As to t'l'.o sulubrlctv. 1 thousand hen. of Miieoii uni ilniil
III .. 1.. I... .. ii .. i , juun ui uiiiuiira. IHiwi V lirv. nyi'Hlil U'liim I mi-.i lu in ... . ....i .. .1 I., .i. ' .i.. i t ..... .... .i .
1 '"V" l'""-", ""Mting snows eouvort them into tern mm. ! Uiilld s.hm wl,r .,. i ' t. , I it. ! "V "V ' . N1 ,u , I """' 0 " i-ttrofiil
nintir Lr.l i m ii ovory way uio ary stream beds. iipbV u mnr.. . v- .i.,,ri i t ...t . n "r 'n ' " W1 lu ,,U0UL " ( Kciiii'm anil economy, will yield
.V .:, con,,,.v' " . . re, then, is tho rotitliwomom ....nl,,,, ,,, 1 7,, ,ii . : " V"' ... I "SK"""'" . ' " ?1,"'"k. ". .Hvlnc from
wiuniuu, ieoiiiu, retourccs, nrodiiects. of the lrwit'Tnliiinl,!,. n..i., n .. . . i 7.. """ men- unMiino i-uiiMiiicraiuo nuinuern oi urci, or at east aller t ho I rut vear or
u ... ...y reauers oi mo j;.sr Uiti:uo.s- the northwest lies thin f., .,.,.1 ; I ,.r. u,7C' . ; " m .. . . . "i'rcy oi, ami more plundered
Mfl ' utcrm .on ot our county and town lond, '4lio heart oftlio4iilamIKn l"t the .lay of
mil I'U ail O II Hiory, ntlU 0110 lMKMUHn nf ' I in mi l nn.l It, .,,.( f ...i.i .1 ' ' . ' .. . n . . ... ...uivi .iiiiii rim k nun uriMiur, nun iwioru IIHICII larill' oppress OHM IS now alxillt lv.ini niid
" " rro,1 '.fl'''oH, justl. mora widely known. moro than a mere mem m of , ; ,:. "J VwT.i Vi .. " ' ' ""." .V""' "V." .ft"? "IV rum H"'"-1
. iv i. ) X...IV.. ..u.ih. ii. .ii.i .ill, ...1H.
Tho dav of real liroirnsM find ilnvnlnn I . ti .
years under adverse comlltloiiH which will
Hoou bo changed, partly by tho operation
Of boneliceut IiIWH. lilt mnmlivllinml.
Vent of HOW lltld rninlmtlttvn tni'iiutmrl...
tlon facilities nml otherentorprlees, which
men of Capital am llUrm-i'rlmr nm u-nrtl.v
of their attention.
It is no Iwomlnir boast, no hoIHhIi nm.
tenso, no Illusory picture, to Hay that
....... ....... .. .
uci-mieu 10 no ono oi mo most woallliy,
jKipuliuii and prosperous communities in
tho United Males. Tho reasons fnr Ibis
nssortlon must bo looked for hv tho in
quirer In tho facts presented In this artl-
clo. And It shall lie written fairlv and
ono is necessary. This is tho Inlluen. o of
uio .iap.ui eurrent.au Immenso racillc
ocean "Gulf stream," which sweeps to
ward tliu North I'acltle coast, and exerts
anco as this iseapableof ihIhIiik' anvlhlni;, I "'J5. wic Inllucnco here, for hundreds of
much loss Hitch wonderful crops" as aro ) ln"es hilund, that tho (lulf stream does
really grown. In a portion of tliu county, i "x tho Iltltlsh Islands. Tho tiotencv
it is truo, when ntoint, presents a dark, o( this current may lie imasined better
rich apjiearanco, and this is really tho )V',CI1 weretlect iii.m tho .loinotiHtrated
best; but further from the mountains, ' ac,1 t,mt tliosoutheusterniortlons of oven
where it looks lighter and Is moro looso 1 1,,'ur Ml,ku are milder lu temjieraturo
and flno, It Is scarcely less productive. ilmn l'fiinsylvunla and Northern Ohio.
Ill Mlltlltnnr. ulimi mi ruin nm ill.... . I 1 HIS OCCailtC I'llm'llt iw lllsn Htilmndoil n
Umaillia COtllltV IS toiinv nm. nf Mm i.iAtit 1 NAVprtil t'fwLM .ui.lmiiu It I.. u .1.. i lio tlin siinri'i. nf (In. liiinniiH 'Pl.l.wu.b'
fair and favored regions of tho earth, and tho surface, so light and parched in an- whnls, which in winter sweep gently from
pearanco, that u stranger, unaciiialntcil i tho soutlieast, across the mountains and
with its.ptalities, would at ouco pronounce , l!14""" of Oregon, oven to Idaho, moiling
It utterly useless. Hut ho need only wait , 1 10 ,mow 1,1 11 fuw hours, and enahling
till harvest for abundant proof of the tho hcnlsof cattlo and horses to onioy
maxim that "apiiearanccsatedccoptlvo." tbo herbngo which Is green and growing
Tl.to -..t I . i ... I lituli.r tin. u.ii.uv Wl.i.ta ..r Ui. ..........
...a , i-ui.iii ...in U1IV V II PVil'Uril. luaill. i :. . .." .....o . ni....,..i;.i
honestly, with no Intent to deceive or do- It was a chaos of ice and rocks. Again. 1 though never stilllciently tlorco to do
coy any ono, but simply as "tho truth, I It was deluged with an over-flow of lava. ! "'"""KJ'i ro i"t so pleasant, as they
iiunu iiiuiia ui uuni uiu sou ileum very
IULV VOV.MIIH KS.
Iaa-t wus not long unknown
I First tliu Spaniards, then
li of their course of discovorlcs
Mi, lent upon spcils, rapine,
l4ierlon of all newly found
U true f.ilili a strange mlxturo
ilri'jce, of tho cicsh and tho
lltUh carnival and established
Mtliylownr f'allfornlii coast.
Jimlps felt their way at In-
f t the moro northerly coat-t,
itm for it north-east pasaago
ittunwr. uion tlio mouth
ibUliiivinir been d scovored.
hul C'larko having told tho
.wndorful iournov. tho Iran-
. .i . . -' .
Mice virtual con.iucrerH and
i4liolo g cat Korlhwest.
IMijiermalient, civilized and
Baymtloii camo not by
ntrUnil. across two thousand
If of niminNlns nml plains,
m by wild leahtH and tho
I j tod trencherous suvnuo.
I'tlieeoxpeditlons that passad,
tm H now caiieu tmuiiiiu
to after tniesliic throuuh
' Klvatiuns. hardships, ami
I'tiichlt can Bcarcely bo bo
il mm could Milium. ItllllL'll
M mountains had been passed !
fT tlilges, and deep, dark, interior.
tho wholo truth, and nothing but tho 1 in somo places humlrcds of feet In depth. niI.8U clo,llllJ ol
truth," us Itaiipearstoonowhohasthe It has been deluged with IIool; It Iiiih ,,,,t u,ltl lr'
best or means for knowing whereof ho ' beon parched with rainless summers; It' Dining tho summer months no rain
speaks. has beon swopt with tho belching of vol- j falls, and the faco of tho ground assumes
Umatilla county is on tho northorn canoes j It has licon crushed and chiseled a barren appearance; but farmers aro
bonier of Oregon, and is separated fiom 'and scarred with monstrous ieo-borgs. 'thus enublcd to secure tho great crops
Idaho on tho Kast by but one county ' In nil these operations of nature, tllllnir : which they could not sav.i in the show-
Union. ItH northern boundary is tho! countless ages of tlmo, tho soil was ! cry harvest-tlmo of Kastern Slates. Of
real river of tho northwest tho Colum being prepared for tho uso and ubodu j course seasons dill'er greatly lu regard to
hi. On tho cast and south it is bounded of man: and it would seem that tho amount of molsturu. OrdhmrlK-.
by Union and (Irani counties, and on tho 1 somethinir in tho naturo of tho materials I more or less rain falls hi occasional
west by Morrow, which was carved from of which it Is comtwtfed, or lu tho man- showers up to May sometimes ns late
Umatilla hi 18H5. It has an area, in iter of tho eomiWlion. rouder it of for-'us Juno: and liea iisairaln in Sctiti'iubor
rounii numncrs. oi ninety townsnips, (umy noi surpasseu,nnn swirceiycijuaicn. orucioncr. iietween uctober and .May
a,J.M0 wptaro miles, or 2,073,000 acres, anywhere on tho globo. Ono marked thoro aro frciptent nml often coitous pro-
Doumiary on uio casi nmi houin is i:io i icaiuro oi mix ton is us capacity lor rc-, cipnaiious, ciiougu to eusuro, nearly uv-
sulliclont for at least a month or two, ti
I'.u.v.iv ru.viu iuppch.
Tho gross valuation of assessable proji
crty in tho county has Increased from
0,tM)3,170 In 188T to over seven millions
in 1888.
Tho mineral resources aro considerable,
though yet but little developed. Tho
pioclous metals are found In Iheoxtremo
somn ami soutlieaslern iortions of tho
couiiiy, ami soma claims tiiere and In
(no nelghlwring mines of linker and
viraiii coumies win utiuouino.il y jirove
very rich when Hiilllclnt can tn Is In
vested In their development. Them aro
large depositH of coal also, especially in
tho southern tortious of tho county,
iiniir uio II04U waters oi nutter creek.
rl.lgo of tho III no Mountains, tho western
and northern slnpo of which comnrlso a
goodly portion of tho county. N ithotit
attempting to bo strictly accurate us to
tlguroH, it may be said that tho mountain
ous portion of tho county amounts to six
teen or eighteen townships. Along tho
Columbia, on the northern oihro of tho
county, is a strip of sandy laud, not en-1 would havo shriveled and
inoiy wortniess, yei noi aiiapiwi to ngrt-1 iuck oi water.
tiiiniug m.usturo, so tnut wiicn, niter i cry year, iiountuui crops, it is unlvers
Fomo weeks without rain, the Mirfaco ally remarked by old fcltlcrs that much
scorns to bo parched wit'iilioutli, tho soil moro molsturo has fallen during Into than
a few inches below will Ih moist; nml during former years; caused, us Is sui
grain will bo found growing green and , jwed, by the largely Incrcnu'd area of
rank, and later, iliK-ulug into a bountiful-cultivated land, .fudging tlio future by
harvest, where, under similar climatlu tho past, nud rualizing that tho cultivated
conditions in many localities any plants 1 urea will greatly lncioafo lu tho next few
fitarvcn lor years, it may no ninety iireii. tci tnut no
; region in the country is loss iiablo to
ij:iis, sterile Kundy plains;
1 cruel Indians until, worn
i-Tww, almost ready unit will
culture, varying in width from flvo to ten i This Is a "now country" vet. Ily this 'houth than this,
miles, and comprising probably seven or 1 1 niimn timi Hm snll u hint fniniln.' iinnn ' The iMiniilutlon In IKfiS will 11 1 toll t. four-
eijjilit townships. Uio remainder, jwr- Who Inidrock of tho llanln. In many teen th.uisand, excluding 1000 Indians,
hups Mxtyllvo townships, Is fine iigifcul- j.Iucch tho rock Is Indeed yet uncovered. ! Tho vote in November, 1888 was Ili'l):),
tural luud, mast of It of extraordinary for- , uid tho process of soil-forming has I which on tho usual basis, taken In this
tllity, ami tlio c.pia oi which can scarcely scurcely lH-guii. Tho immigrant passes
through much of this sort of country on
his way hither, csecliilly over tho North
orn TacHle. In other localities tho now
soil, found during romiuimttvely recent
agcs, is not yet moro than llvo. six,
; eight, ton or twenty feet deep. When-
over it Is of any such depth. It is wonder-
ilia cuiniy, its
tho Columbia
prising most of the ! Jiuulti, has cousiderntiio territory whom
Thoi-o portions c'escrlbed as "o 9" " otye t oi sumcient uepin to no
bo found botueen tho oceans, ns moro de
tailed slateiiients hea-aflor will show.
HOI NTAI.NS .1X11 S.1SII.
For convonloneo, therefore, tho coun
try mav bo divided into threo t-eclions:
tliu mountains, tho sandy laud and tho
agricultural land ; tho unproductive moun- Vr U . .l'"y Bi!c . ..t',,1J... 1
tain and desert portions being along tho ' J' pro.luctive. Hut L uiatll a
borders of tho county, and tho fortllo nml j V,u1'. othor iwitioris of tho
agricultural lands comprising most of the ! ln; '' coiiHhlornhlo terrltp
mountain and
worthless, however,
'l.l...,..., 11.
iuui.ii.n I'VI ...... ... ...u
wrat last, wo road.camo Into t conjunction with tlio grout
w.' whero tho wwither was , ,,ra,,le land, Is extremely
as
desert aro fur from being
indeed, tlio moun
count
l 111 fnr iifrli'tilf iiri. Thom urn viilu-
ablo for paHturago, lielng gouerully cov-
country four and aluilfto a voter-
gives ii population of 11.100. As is
usual in tho Went, it In made up of men
of all nationalities, and Immigrants from
ull Stutes; but tho greater tartlon arc nil
live Americans, ami from the Western
Stutes. No better class of voph- Is to bo
found In any State. Ah ii rule thoy are
Industrious, enterprising and Intelligent.
The piluclal occupations aro farming,
stock-raising, wool growing and dairying.
Formerly wiiou the country was sparsely
Kittled, stock unit wixil-ndslng worn
about tho only industries. Tliu plains
y. taken in urvu "u't"K,,v " tnai aro now uirgciy convcra-u mm gmm
btxly of ferlllo u,0.v H'O""' "h rauicr inuii in iun i u0,ih wero then coveml with a luxuriant
valuable. It MtemptH at farming. (growth of buuchgriiHs; and this was the
...,.if...,.t.,.r 'Uio prairies oi iiumiiiiu coumy aro stockman's narad so. It win is-lievcd
luce of tlin roilntrv iiivillni'! , ,.r,.u,n
nr. i lift (tf it tvif ttlttti. : not ns well watcied us might lio desired, n,(, hind was not adantcd to
kre.aloug tho Umatilla, thoy I bom 0f sheop ami other f-tock. l'roliably yoM1,t'ro."ro.,,l.l,u,m,1,ur r "'".'I11 t,reo,!UH' agrlcultuio, and for uiauy years any sug-
r.l fksio.1 .,,! li,l .1. . . .. ... . mi... . i.r.i. !. Iimil no liH-itlltv IS far from tllCKO. lllO I .n.ull.... .f omln urna ni wim ri'illlvi'il
i. . ' . k,'vku. ' . ' IlOl less tiiau iiuii u iiiiiiioii iieuu ui biiuuii i -- - --,,, .. .,- o-- n-- " . ... ....
Mwjscourago lor tholr furtlior I urn kont In theso nu Moun a im ovorv principal wmai ;m . ' """ whii lncmuuuiy in n scorn. uruuuiuM,
Hlrch, Hutler, and other creeks. On tho . t) tho nortlieahtorn jioitlonof the
paey.
'HI they
out
imon. not vet
Nothing but tail
tury ago?
aving in tho brcozo; tho
ioJj abovo; tho watora rip-
tllB rnr'lrv lilin.ifinlu fl.n vi'tir.
Indian villuges.atul their
Of llOnI.ilw,inl .. l.m.un nnl ..
. . .. V. V .1 ......1, ..W .f
llurrow. nnt ii... ur..ii nt no
tailng voico within hundreds
ttiey passed on, doubtlesa
U thev had 1kiii tlin first
w ravcrw this region, thoy
tho ast.
,Jtr liter, r.imn fl.n .in.lrln.
hi il,!. r----;-
IrwT lu Oregon , ' mr
iwson.asn iiolltlcul uroa. waa
f, ,f?J west as now, and ex
Valifornla on tho south to tho
'. tho only "Oregon" thoy
Ubey had set out to reach,
lactto or Itogue river valley.
,rn Ori'2011 tw-lnnirAil. nii-nnl.
.'"Pf, to tho Greutr American
"Jiney bolioved It to be when
I0fr it .... ... . .
icomo considerably ionu-
' nolia.lKen tho great stools
'8 "I'on these uplands, und
-v..jcu ia( uielr nerves aim
nkinijy to it, ventured to
w the mountains" for rango
t Tlio.. i... .1.'
),?dlet'0very WttB mado that
rouna Walla Wulla, grain
unit tirinrr (nrll. anail
anuafnml .ln..l t ( l.v,
p added a Httlo farming to
'i. Until !... f..n..
i... nia iuiiv uuuiuil-
ttie ttl'ftn. l.I.U J
'Jing a considerabla iiortion
y. la scarcely to be ex-
" tho world as a grain
l t r-astem Oruffon that is.
s.: kwdo mountains, waa
wegon becama a
aro Let:
your, from about Juno 1st to November
1st, on lands not lit for agricultural pur
. .. - i i t rti nia tt tiiiiM-i nj uririiii'M lint iiinii iri t ...i... t tuiaiiitur ua unv irriiiiiiri i v-
& 0 VSo? mount, m ,r. W Tlu s rams am l
iiumlir of bu mills mSl Ii tho .l by u growth of colon wood or nnd westward until tho area left to tho
Zudacturo of iumlwr ?nulea ot" ! ',f un ot,wr uPIylnK ', ""'llllock- and herds is greatly diminished,
wh eh arTshhUd or hiuffi Prai- 'nil,erIul . ,0 vln Urcatly to the surprlso of old settlers, tho
.'.'i'r'V "'8 .rJ Mostol , .lfl.ufs wero found moro Prolltlo than
' r," ZTWLTr .T" tho bottlers upon tho.pralrles lmyo to do- tl;0 Io ,-k I, t.o.ns, an. tho .higher
pendontno mountains tor ineir w.xsi, : t1(( jun(i where tho neptiioi kjii is sui-
flclont. tho irreater is tlio Icrtiiliy. tho
HefcliloB thoso
high, wooded I
'tlaLWa8 'ornied, Including
: .7.l'iefCnt eoatnm hnnmlaripH
rSf.t.Iroclc Counties. Ono by
..r-uuea Wero car vn.1 frnm .vld
ttaiilla, unUi Eagtern Ore-
"e C3untiea, ua foHows,
nnturlal and flro-woo.1.
ValUUblO ICatlirOH. tlieSO Jllgll, WOOUCU r t .IU-in,w nf fmYn llvn to fnrtv
hills aro a beautlul refuge from tho heat 'If '"fe. of t I ue
and dust of tho prairies and tow ns in sum- Jj ?, n
mer, airording shade. Ice-cold water, ia
gamo, ' fish, and all tuat Is needed to ;
pleoso tlio tourist or traveler, uiiiiko
mnny mountain regions this la accessible
from any iolnt, and travcrslblo in almost
any direction with a liorao, and in many
portions with a team. Of tho other strip
of country alluded to, along tho Colum
bia, so much In iti favor cannot bo said ;
yet it la not ultogother barren. It la a
bed of coareo sand, partially covered with
a growth ot eugo-Drusn. u aiso prouucea
un oarly, flno grass, which la very nutri-
CL1SUTK.
Ono of tho first considerations with
many immigrants is climute. Accus
tomed, perhaps, to tho savugo extremes
and eyefonea of States cast of tho ltocky
Mountains, they aro slow to bellovo tho
roixirta thov havo heard of tho alubriety
and equability of the region we aro de
Bcribiug. Somo havo no doubt heard ex
aggerations, hut tho unvarnished truth la
enough to recommenu huh situoii m uu
who desire to escajo the evils alluded to.
change has Urn so great that already
tho l.'iullnc Industry is wheat raising. In
1835 tho umoimt of wheut exjwrted was
upwurdt of tw o and a hull million iiusiieia.
In 188J,owingtoanuniiHUully unfavorablo
season but lltllo ruiu or snow having
fallen during tho winter tho yield was
proouuiy somuwiiut ium. hi iwi .u
1888 it was doubtless over three and four
million bushels, and within the next two
or threo years, with tho reservation
oiicned, tho yield lll doubtlesa-reach six
or elitht million bushels. Tho avcrago
yield of wheat varies from ton to fifty
bushela an acre. On extremely Unlit
IIOUS, giving j-aiHiunKw """"" ino Boveicnv wi u. u... -y v . . 1.bib,m.,Iv when first cultivated.
year to a considorablo number of cattle, occurs between Deceml-er L'Oth and Janu- tancl, . wiMy en ,ler0u;;11c0,
As before stated, thla inferior rtlon of I ,iry "Ot!.. though there havo liecn oxcei- thero fM small
ho country is not a woll-defined strip, i tional Eeasona, in which the extreino of "i'Y"r0'u The
of equal breadth In all parts, but oxtonda Ud camo in February. Dil lereiit alti- ' " f nlng land how-
back from tho Columbia farther nt somo 1 tudes in tho country vary grout y In tern- Kreat m rllon 10 iwu xnu ink .
nnlnta than at others, tho sand gradually .terature. At HJine twinta In tho nioiin- cr, wit lyowr lu iwu, m
.... ,...rr- -
i u y
in'iMtuivi w ..... ....
rt 1 ' ....til ' ! !l il I.nl'.. AArihifl I till UlClWK'
ix-coiuniB "- " '"'r ..Lrv: : , - v"v-"v't,:; i;,.;::i, i; aero, w i ocasca oi
I. mnnrwi into tliu Hunt. loose son u.iaiucu ns low as ionv or iuii)-u u"" s... ' .
....--..- .-, .ii:. i . . ,.. 'I I...M. ' niiv. or uiirn mum. n --- " r-
oi cereaia, cstHxiai.y o. mow- zero ;or u awm ... . . . cu tivnto their land only
nlghta,iniiieBciue.iionio. i "- other veu, ua wi,eat should bo
JF .. m . . ..
I, and me grouim cmnim
d after harvcift for plunt-
tho name year.
iy no wcana ino gniy
available crop. Largo qualltlea oi ex-
.ajj. ollentnai
: corn and c
the mountaiiw tho country la considerably . I'ractlcally, winter generally jasta no '""'" Hth u.ry ,ma, t.rort i nearly
ield of forty-flvo,
r.r ..inn mnrn. nrn HV no IllL'UUH rum,
to cuiuvaiioH u
wheat.
Within these
mountain nnd desert:
fnnllillM to tho belt
grain-producing jwrtio
I .iini.iHnJ ulicpi i imuivi ----- - . ,
from the forez.ing outline, not all rwr-j the unusua dryness of the atmosnnero r !wJ
tiona of what can be termed agricultural i cold la not felt hero as inuauipcr . -i 0,i,or croBj. AH sorUof vege-
laud aro equally fertile or valuable. eartic8. l tablca of largo she and tho beat quail y
broken and rough ; and ho land aojace u longer tnan nvo or us wu all turta of this county, ix. o irtiona
to tho sandy region s lightei, more aub- ,10t over three ; or jour. Our J e bnury la J J(j wej, to (ruI, nn , ln ay
,m t, - part the bar. er varieties no wen.
)ls.whlloMatchw ikether,! ,,roluct in importance la
i
..A..r....i..Aa .nun n. . ..-mil., h.in r i.ii. iiii'n'iiiv .li.n.i in - .
IMUUUiii .ua, .mv., "nn. umiiiu .'...-h . , lunu.n In tlin fjl
from tho rugged i tw'cnty-llvo or thirty degrees, i navo-"
. .. II.. .1. . . . ,, t I. .....a... ...... .111. VllCd. II II I w
oi aauu nea iuosiii i seen H oven iieiun - . ..,,,,,1,,.. nn
.. .. I..il ... 11... f.i. ..uvu In i.iu-ll -:wc
",!. ,u"a"7. , ? " 1a ."7... ,7 in ' Hut wheat la I
I... .u. i n ii.ntiiKHi i uiiiinr hi nu 11 zi.ru iliuiii u.i.. vi . .
to tlio ganuy region is iisuiui, i"u du" I no "' '
iect to drouth, and leaa productive than not infrwiuently i
farther back. . . , York or Illinois,
U-aving these portions tliat 1 nave May. 'ino mm w ' "'."t". woel, the annual yield of whlcliia aoout
deacriDing out oi view, i-mauu jumiuero uo y :, ;,;. n m il on and a nail nounua. .
Pecn UeavriUlilK uu. ui .ic, .- .uMtwinH . . .i
WV1 i ...,.-..llo nJ nn i,m n:ii .nr. e.iiittl to that In tl
COUIliy Biai 1 untiiura tviitiiv " ruiiw , --, ' ... ... ,nra 1110 ttverape lien, w nw llOU an ill uur iviiiuii in u .wun.i. t , V. , ' - '...,
etevatid, rblUng plain or plateau. Such Siafeb-mentiond, but acarcely evermore ' i.ringa, net, from HtolS; ,ny young man who la able and willing d ugfultural land and 40 a-reM ..f m
would be IU aptKjarance from a distant than a few .lays at a time ; and oen " I wtal Jncom0 from thin aouaOcaa jfnii -.yck at better wage than ho can (lr land Jit must buy it for un actual
bird's-eye view. On closer acquaintance. , then, nighta are always cooler In torn-'"
u u rt.n ......ruiro vfali! nf wool
ia from 8 to
where a comiiiiiiv Is now at work ilm-olim.
nig a coin imtie, wmcn promises to 1st ot
great vuliio. It is entlrelyowned hv Hon-
dlcton parties, who have u iiumtier of
uion at work, und somo of tho coal has
been used in this town, und found to bo
of excellent quid Ily.
Tho dairying lutoicsls is small as jut,
but few localities oiler excellent induce
ments for this business. C'ainim piecluet,
ia succession of mountain valleys, is
especially adapted to dairying, and con
siderable quantities of butter and cheeso
aro munufiictuied them from tho l'ttudlo
tun market, and a uumbernf lino ranches
along tho Umatilla, Hlrch creek, Wild
Horse, and other streams, aro will suited
to tho piirposo of dairying.
Tuxes havo been high no far, owing to
iiiiHirfcct statu assessment law, but thivo
will doubtless soon bo tumedied to somo
extent. Tho county debt is fast disap
pearing, und notwithstanding tho build
ing of u now court-house, may lk entirely
cancelled in two or threo years.
Tho county is well supplied with
churches and schools; and under beneli-
cent laws and good ollicials, educational
mutters am in n llouriHiiinu condition.
Tliu State has a considerable Irreducible
school-land fund, mid imposes a general
school-tax of live mills. 1h-h1.Ii the com
mon K'hools, which now munlier about
eighty In tho county, II u of them being
graded schools, there is a Normal school
ut Weston, and an ucideiny and Catholic
girls' school lu iViiillflon, und sov.tral
private tchools.
(lOVKIlNMUNT LINK, W.MIIIS, irU'.
Tho llrstqucstlona luoM Intending Immi
grants ask am: Is them yet plenty of
good government laud? If so, of what
quality Is il, and how far from maikt'l
and schools? Aro wood and w ater plenty
and easily acces-lblu? And many usk
quoAllous still mom in detail, us to soil,
crops, wages, means of ingress and many
other particulars.
Attempting to answer all such questions
I w ill suv : 'i hero Is yet no en-ut amount
of "government land," feit'lu and near to
a shipping xilnt, to bo taken. Most of
this pracllinlly has already been so
cured. In localities soimiwhut remold,
however, from towns und railroad s'utions
them is coiifideniblu laud to Isrtukeu un
der government laws. In ud.lltton to this
them Is In tho county a laruu amount of
"railroad land," tho status of which la
not settled. It Is a (Kirllon of a pant
mado to tho Northern I'acille rullroad
company In 1801, and is tirolltablu, but
has not yet lieoii declared forfeited by
act of Congress. In nil probability,
many thousand of ucrea of this class of
land will revert to the government within
tho next .your or two, und will liureaiier
bo oH)n for settlements as "government
land."
Hut those who have a little means can
always llnd advantageous opjiortunltlea
to purchase lamia already patented
and somewhut improved. In a new ami
growing country like this, muny
men aro continually shifting, moving,
changing, however well oil" they may Is.;
mid L-lvliiL' opportunities l.i Immlurunts
with small means to secure- places
whereon they can mako a living for
themselves from the start.
This u largo county, und ua let but
aparcely tcttlod. Thousands will Isi here
. . .. . . ... .....ititn i .
in a low years in some im-unucn nimm
but hundrds uro to-day; and tho ones
who come first am those who will have
tho best opportunities.
Thero la 01111 luiin, However, wnrvii win
lx) very valuable licforo many years, to
bo taken under tho various acta of Con
grcsa relating to tho public lauds. To se
cure u homestead, 11 orou must llvo
ujkjii and cultivuto the land five ycara,
proving which ho gets a patent without
coat, except some small feca, Titlo to u
"pre-emption claim" can Isj acquired uny
time alter six moiiius, ana wuniii unriy
obtain In Fustei 11 States. Any man of
iiuniiy, witu u few hundred dollars, can
mail-
him
tho
two.
moro
by.
theso
w
po-
.'on-
lira
any
1. IllU'lly,
I lie hum LTiint .-.in rimm iivnr 11..1 ..f
tho threo routes. One Is tho Union and
Central I'ucllle, and by steamer or over,
land from San Francisco to Tertian.!
thonroup tho Columbia by rail. This,
for somo years the only routo, is now
pniellcull.i obsolete, except for i-orsona
who wish to visit California and
rortland. Another Is via tho
Northern I'ucillc diieel from St. Paul to
I'matllla, 011 tho Columbia, thenco I'eu
dlelon, or uny tut rlor point. Tho third
Is over (ho U. 1'. and "Short Lino" from
(Ir.inger, Wyoming, to Huntington, In
southeastern Oregon, llienco over tho 0.
It. & N. 11 continuous lino to Pendle
ton. Ono word may, perhaps, be well
spoken hem: Don't Judge the whol
country by what you see along any of
these routes. You will see hut little io
encourage or attract, lieeuuso, us 11 rufo,
the railroads pass thiougli tlio worst or
tlon of the country ; but Is-foro you con
demn nil. slop oil' at IVmll.1t.111.' mill If ink
around a few days or 11 few weeks. Ivx
amino our-stock and our flocks; our lieof
and butter; our wheat and wool; our
climate ami harvests; nml If you say our
country Is good for nothing, tho "Kast
Olii:io.Ni.s- will nay vour wuv hai'lt in
Missouri or elsewhere.
riuci: ok tiiinhh.
I know this Is what a ureat many usk
iiImiuI. Well, wheat our 11111I11 product
brings fiom 'X to (O inula 11 bushel.
net. I he avemixo Is probably AO cents.
perhaps ''.'. This seems low. It is trim-
but with this thought two others must bo
weighed. Wo can raise twice or thrice
what von can on otdinarv farms in llm
States oast of tho ltocky .Mountains; also,
theco prices am those of the "hur.l
times" und disadvantageous circum
stances which have attended us. Wo
will soon havo iiddlllomd transportation
laciiiucs, ami cueiiper ireigiit lutes, so
that our produce will bring prices that
w III eomp.im favorably with thoso of any
Western Halo.
Wool, as I said, brlnus from I t to IS
cenjs, und with fairly good "luck." sheep
pa) uu Imiuuusu prolllto those who In
Mist in them. Hotter r-olls for 'i cenli
any tlmo of the year, ami not Infre
quently for II) or 10 cents, (irocurles,
clotlihig, ami nil "atom goods" uiu
hlluhlly higher than in the l.aM.ini or
AIIssIskIiiiiI Valley Slates. .Mmits, ouco
so plentiful us to e very cheap, uro now
iilKiut the riiiio 11H lu oilier Wcstnrii
Blales. Altogether, 11 family can live
hm 11 about as cheaply .as in Illinois or
Connecticut, und uro liable to have just
us much fun us them.
Till'. t'MATII.I.A imsKiiv.vrio.s.
One miiiii objict of writing this
article wus to answer inquiries and
give Information lu iegar.1 to the
"I'matllla Indian KiMorvutton," ton-
cetning whii so' many i-conle
aro imitilriiig. iluudrods, probably
thouiaiuils, of people who have heard of
this Ishtutiful und fortllo tract, nml thut
It was to Is- "oHjued to settlement," have,
turned their iuuuhiiig guu, if not their
w.-Htwurd-poiuted slops, toward this ro
glou, ijinl deslru to know just what aro
tho facts In regard to It. Herein and
herewith tho fails am given, without
money or price.
Tho Umatilla reservation ia a tract of
land cousihtim! of H.OOO acres. Ivinir in
tho southerii-cenlral jKirtlon of Umutlllu
county, tixteudiug upproxlmutely In tho
form of u parallelognim from the llluu
Mouiimliia' Ismndury in tho south, north
ward und wotitwuril Into tho heart of tin
county. It waa set oil' muny years ago
to ccrtuiu triU-ri of Indians us their home
und 'Tomvo," and they havo slnco oc
cupied it. )'or muny years uttempta huve
been made to induce theso Indians to
tuko land "In overulty," and give up the
rest of the laud, not so taken, to thu
white people to live iixm. Finally u law
wus passed, and signed by I'r.sldont Ar
thur, on March H, 1885, which pruvidd
that if tho Indians should givu their as
sent, thev should take land III Mivcralty!
each udult or head of u family, HA ucre
of agricultural laud and -10 ucrcs of tim
ber land; cjicli rson over 18 yeura not
lucliidud lu tho uhovu, HO acres; each
child under 18 ycara, -10 acres ; the whulu
not to exceed lt.'0,000iicrea.
Considerable trouble and delay waa ex
perienced lu obtuimug tho consent of the
Indiana to thla liberal proKsitlon, but
dually thoy ull signed the agreement, and
tho law went Into elfct lat full.
Then a "censua" of the Indians lud to
threo months, by proof of residence und bo taken, by which It wom uaceita nc.l
..niiii..iilnn. Am! llm laivtnent nf tl.'JH an i that thero wero nearly a thousand 0:
ucro, or f s.00 an ucre 11 wuniii "r.iiiroan
limits." Hut few "thnlwr cultures" lire
yet to bo had, except by purchase ; but
muny of theno claims, which can bo had
now for a few huudrd dollars, will be
worth as many thousand In a tew years.
No muu unless it bo u vlriglo young
man with k trout! arms and uMotit heart
ehould como into thla country a stranger
without some mean; but once here, with
a little means, uny one can live easily und
cheaply, nud find us many opportunities
auuuiiy ana sureiy tx-tter ins conui
them claiming luiid, so that tly will so
euro Probably the whole lt.'0,GOO ucrca of
agricultural land, leaving (crimps -lO.OfW
or oO.OOO ucres of lino uricultiiral land,
udjacent to rendlotou, Adams und Cen
tervillu, to bo sold, the rest Ix-iug moun
luinoiu land, but valuablo for timlier und
lusture.
Under tho provisions of tho law the
laud will lo Hold to the highest bidder.
Homo of It will cell from t'J0 to ffto uu
acre: and some prolNtoiy worn m 10 j-o,
n....!!,.. ... I. .. .lil. tlful ..iiiilHv.
lion as In unv melon in tho country. v Anvi.no lorbon can my miy iou iurc
to gnu