Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887, July 08, 1887, Image 1

Willamette farmer., July 08, 1887, Image 1

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Newspaper Page TextV '- ,v' ' fr fr r 4- WB3ftCig'-a 1MmmmMm$mammmmmmmmmmMmmmmmmammmwmm VOL. XIX. SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, JULY 8, 1887. NO. 32. OREGON PIONEER HISTORY. SKETCHES OF EARLY DAYS. MEN AND TIMES IN THE FORTIES BY S. A CLARKE. X V , Copyright applied far. All rlghti reserved. Tho Experience of 3. W. Netmlth In Crossing the Plains. AS' ANCIENT MUSTER-ROLL. It will bo soon by tlio foregoing that Mr xTcBmith recognizes nil that is claimed by reasonable men for Dr. Whitman Hint bo visited Wnsnington to inform tho- Qovornmont concerning tlio vnluo ot Oregon nnd tlio needs of settlomont there, nnd Mint ho piloted tlio emigra tion to the Columbia river. Thnt Dr. Whitman visited tlio frontier beforo ho went to Oregon nnd did what ho could to excito an interest nnd induce nn emi gration is nlso easy of proof. As Mr. Nosraith wns oidcrly sergeant of tho compnny, ho had n muster-roll of nil thoso who woro over 10 yenrs of ngo nnd nblo to stand guard. This musty documont is rotoincd among his papers. It should bo kept, with many other such mcmorinls of tho past, in tlio arch ives of our Stnto, nnd it is timo tho Leg islature mndo 8omo provision for secur ing nnd properly enring for such docu ments ns boar on early Oregon history. Tlio roll-call of tho emigration of IS lit will bo interesting to many readers to day, but would possess mora intorost if it could include wholo families instead of merely giving tho names of malos. Tho noblo women of thnt timo deservo tho fullest recognition nnd acknowledge ment, for thoy possessed ovory heroic quality, nnd stood tho test of hardship nnd danger in n manner that sustained tho courage of nil. Ncsmith says : "Tho ladies who nccompnnied us nnd who contributed so much to tho pros perity ol our young btnto, deservo to bo enumerated in tho list of early Bottlers, but that important duty seems to havo been neglected by thoso who had moro time nt their disposal than I had." the roll or IS ID. Applrgato,Jeero Applet-ate, ChM AIpie(faie, i.mu Gnodman,RlchM N't man, Noah unpin, Major .Najior, Tho Athev. J Athey, Win Arthur, Win Arthur, Itobt Arthur, DailJ. Duller. Anion Drookr, George Gray. Haggard, II HMO. II II o.born. Nell O'llrlcn, IIukIi D O'llrlen.llumplir'y uwin, inoi a Holmti. Win lUlmet, lllley A Onen, Tho uouson, Jena mie, t w Hobaoii, Win 0 le, M U llembre. J J I '.Veil. Dennett Ilurnctt, Peter II llembre, Jat Ollinrer, J Dlrd, DaM llembre, Amlrewl'arker, Jaavi iicmure, a J raiker, wm Hall, SatuiB I'enolngton, J D Houk.Ja I'o, Kll Hughe. Wm I' I'aynter, Samuel Uendrlck.AbiJah l'attcraon, J It Halt, Jaa l'kkelt, Cha K Holley, II -jw, Frederick iiuni, uenry ii'Ker, II iioiuerncato n llukhlni liaic Hutted A Ileal Jo llaun Jocob lloarell John Ho ell Win Howell Weak Howell O W HoHellTIl lllll Henry Hill Wm Hill Aluioran Hewitt Henry Ilargiove Wui Drown, Tlioi A Illevlni, Alex Drooka, John I' Drown, Martin Drown, Oi Back, J I' Dane, Lay ton Daker, Andrew Daker John U Deaifla Wm Dot U Lett Baker Win Itetalo (leo Draldy Jt lleadle Oeo Ilaldridg Wm CaaonFO Cun Jaa Chapman Wui Cox John Champ Jacob Cooper L U Cone Jaa Chlldera Moan Carey Mile Cochran Tho Cl.i mour L Copenharcr Jnu Calon J II Chappel Alfred Cronln Daniel Coxine Samuel Roirer (1 W Ilutttll Wm lliberta Jaa Dice (I W Itichardaon Jno Ituby I'hlllp Klcinl John Itthl Jacob Itoo John IloWrU Solomon Roberta Kmael'y Itoaaln Jo RlieaThoi hint h Thoi II Smith Tlio I Smith laaac W Smith Aiidcrton Smith AM Smith Itobt htulth bit llOltA llolmac John Ilolman Daniel llarrlgat II JaineaCaliln JacktoiiJohn II Sheldon Win JoneaJohn Stewart I' 0 Jnhii'on Oieiton Sutton Dr N'ath'l hejatrThc silinmeruiaii C ConttabieDcntdictliejatr J U Slurp C Clark llanaoin Campbell Jchn U Chaprcan Chaao J ante Dodd bob moil Dement Win C Dougherty W I' DuLcan Junta Darin Jacob Dail Thoniaa Delane Daniel Keiar'l'le.uunt MiumuiWU bewell Henry Stout Henry Stcrlln,' George Stout htorj Janiet built i-lil1 JohnM Shlrlej Samuel atocgnton Alex Kelley - KelM) Lotejoj A L iox hdward Len Lenox I. Lt) ton Aaron Looney Jeiae Lon.- John E Lee II A 0 Llntturver Lew bivein-er Chauncey Delant) DihUI JrLinebar.'erJuo btralt Hiram Delanei Wm Laacll !"( bummer Geo Luther Stringer Corotllui Liuderdale J no Thtrp Uudaey Martin Janir Thomioii John illlltjihnlt Tr.lnorl) Mill laaas Teller Jerem'ah Mill Wm A Tarbcx .Stephen Milla 0ea L'mulrker John UcGarey 0 W Vance Samuel Mondtu Albert Vau.-n in Mathcnv Daniel Veinoii(!eo Mat lit i)' Adam Wiimuut Jamri Mathem J N Wil n Wm II Matheny Joilth Walr J W Mathenr lltnrv Winkle Archibald Mutlrc A J William. Kd Mcllalc; John Wheeler II Mver Jacob AVaoner John Manning John William DnJ Manning Jaa W ilpama Dal ul McC.ntr tl M Wiltou Wm McComle Geo Wllliame Jchn Mai William Wa d T D MltlicanUIJ.il White Ja McDaniel Wm Wataoo J (Uetty) ucrtiaaie u mintJinn Doke Wm DaiUJ II Dalle Burrcil Dalley Geor.-t DoliertvJohn Eaton Chaa Katon Nathan Etchell Jame Emerick bol Eakcr John W EdaonEG Kaat Juho W Kvermln Malli Kord N'.nevah t'ord EpLraiai Ford Nimrotl 1'ord John Fnzicr Abter Frailer W m Fcwler Wm Fouler Wm J Fowler Henry FalrlT Stephen Fcndall Cfa Oral CliUey D Oarriaon tnovh OaxriaoD J W Garriaon W J Gardner Wm Oarduer Saml Ollmore Mat Malona MaJiaon Winter Wui McCUce Jno II Waldo Daniel Mauiees Wm Waldo Da id MaUeyWJ Waldo Wm Ntamilh ' W 7.aeary Alex Neby WT acher; John Thoso who turned back on tho Platto wero Nicholas Diddle, AW Francis, F. Lugar, J. Laughborn nnd Jackson Mooro. Thoso who turned on" for Californin nt Fort Hnll woro J. Atkinson, Donrd ninn, Joseph Child?, Dawson, John Gantt, Milton Little, Wm. J. Martin, Julius Mnrtin, F. McOlcltnnd, Me Goo, J. Mclntiro, J. Williams, Squire Williams, Isano Williams, P. D. Redding and Thos. J. Ilonsley. Tho following died on tho way : Sto vonson Clnyborn, Pnyno nnd Dan Dich nrdson. McClelland, M.ilcs, Eyres nnd C. M. Stringor wero drowned in descend ing tho Columbia. Wm. Day arrived sick nnd died nt Vnncouvor. Tho actual number of tho 205 men who marched from Fitz Hugh's mill on tho stnrt, thnt enmo through to Oregon, wns 208, which, added to tho 87 sottlcrs previously in Oregon nnd tho 21 Pro testant missionaries hero nt thnt timo, mndo n tolnl of 1170 American males over 10 yenrs of ngo in Oregon, in tho year 1813. SETTLERS IN' OREGON I'lIEVIOl'S TO 1813. Amutronif I OaloJoi Newell Robert Dnrm Hugh Glrtman U'N'ell Jaa A IlroMH Hathaway Felix lVttyxoveKW Drown Win Il.itch I'etrr II romeiov I) Drown Hubbard Tho I'omeray W Dlack J M llewltl Adam Perry llladro HoregonJertt Itlmmlck lull J llolman Jo Itmael O lUlleyDr lllll Dai Id Itobb J R Dralnard - lloxhurat W Shnrtea R Craw lord M llutchhon Smith Sidney Carter Dai Id Johniou Wm Smith Campbell Kam'l King Hoiltli Androiv CampbellJack Kelicy Smith A Jr CralWm ''Lenlalteuhrn Smith I) Cook Amot Lellret n 0 W Spenco Cook Aaron I.airlion Jack Sailor Jack Canner Meek Jo L Turnham Jotl Cannon Wm Mathleu F X Turner Dory Allen McClureJohn Ta) lor Hiram Doty Win Moat a W TlhbetU Calvin Kaken Richard Moore Robert Traak Ebbetta txiulro UcFulden Walker 0 M Edward John McCarty Wm Warner Jack Foater Philip McKayCha Wilton A E ForcoJohn McKay Thot Wlntlow Daild Forco Jaa Morrlion Wilkin Caleb Fletcher Franc Mack J W Wood Henry Oay Geo Ncwbanki WlllUmt II rXOTMTANT MllalOVARlril IS lbll. Dr M Whitman W II Gray Brewer A F Waller E Walker Dr llabcock Dai Id Utile K Eell DrK White II Campbell Alanton Deert Harvey Clark GeoAbernethy Janaon Lee W II Hpaldlna; W II Wilton O lllnct J L 1'arrltli LllJudton 1'erklm II W Rajrauml Kstimnting the Catholic missions nnd tho Canadians who had left tho Hudson Dny Company's servico nt thnt timo nt GO persons, then tho whito raeo popula tion of tho country would bo 157 pre vious to this emigration, nnd adding tho 208 thnUrcnchcd Oregon in 18-13, wo havo n totJ of 425 innlos ovor 10 years of ngo in tho vat territory west of tlio Kooky mountains. THE PROMISED LAND Irl REACHED. Tho omigrntion of 1813 hnd no very strnngo experience and mutton dnngers. It mndo tho long journoy plonsnntly nnd renchod the Columbin river without any great mishap. Ncsmiths and three others left tho train nt tho Umatilla river nnd mado their wny to Vancouver, whoro they spent what llttlo thoy had left for provisions and clothing and then went up tho Willainotto to "Tho Falls." Portland was not. Whoro it stands now there wns then an unbroken wilderness. Ono of thoso "forests pri meval" thnt shadowed the river shoro forty years ago reached from tho bnnk of the river to tho foot of the mountain beyond. No thought existed of tho city that was to be. On tho 12th day of Oc tober they started for Oregon City. When Xesmith und his companions got to tho mouth of tho Willnuiottc, ns they supposed, thoy turned up tho stream, and, nfter paddling hard until noon, they found thomselves opposite their starting point. They hnd circum navigated nu island nnd hnd got back to Fort Vancouver. Ncsmith says In 1813 the only rettler on tho river lielow the falls was nu old Knglith sailor by the iianio of William Johnson, who resided upon n claim aliout a mile above the present city of Portland, Ho was a fine specimen of tho Dritish tar, and had at nn early dny abandoned his allo giance to tho UritUh lion and taken ser vice on tho old frigato Constitution, I havo frequently listened to his narrative of the action between "Old Ironsides" and the Guerriere, on which occasion ho erved with the loarding party. He used to exhibit nn' ugly scar upon his head, mndo in that mcmorablo action by n Dritish cutlass, and attributed his escape from death to tho fact that ho had n cotiplo of pieces of hoop-iron crossed in his cap, which turned tho cut lass and saved his life." tin: IN ARCADIA. Ncsmith says : "Tho immigration of 1813 arrived safoly in tho vnlloy during tho fall and oarly part of the wintor, and found homes in tho thon settled neighborhoods. Dr. John McLoughliti, then at tho head of tho Hudson Day company, from his own private resources rendered tho new settlors much valuablo aid by furnishing tho destituto with food, clothing nnd seed, waiting for his pay until thoy had a surplus to dispo o of. Dr. John McLoughlin wns a pub lic bencfactox, and tho time will come when tho peoplo of Oregon will do thom selves credit by erecting a elatuo to hi memory. Of foreign birth nnd lineage, ho gavo tho strongest proof of his devo tion to Republican institutions, by be coming an American citizon, whilo all his personal intciests wero identified with tlio Dritish government. Thus far, detraction and nbuso havo bcou his principal reward. There was at thnt timo no money in tho country, nnd nil tratiHiictions were based upon barter or trade, mid fortunato wns tho individual who could procuro nn "order" on tho Hudson Bay company for good, which woro then sold at romarknbly reiieonahlo rates considering all tho surroundings. During tho early period of tho settle ment of Oregon thoro existed n wonder ful equality among the population in point of wealth. Thoso who possessed n tow cnttle were considered the most fortunate; still tho property was too equally divided and too xcanty to admit of distinctions on tho score of wealth. Tho mentis of transportation consisted of pack horses by land and canoes by wator, with an occasional Hudson Dav batttaux- I romember, ns Into m 18-17. standing with somo friends upon tho hanks of tho Willamette, when wo dis cussed tho possibility of any of our num ber living to see its placid bosom disturb edby tho wheels of a Hteanibo.it. At thot timo tho ruuo hospitality of tho settlers was dispensed with a liboral hand. Tho traveler wont forth with his own blanket and lass-ropo, thus furnishing his own bed nnd security for the safety of his horse, whilo the cabin door of tho settler nlways stood oiwn to furnish him shelter mid food. ENTERTAINING. THE NOI1IL1TV Without rnonoy nnd without prico. In tho summer of 1810 my wifo nud solf entertained two Dritish ofliccrs. I staked out their horses on tho grass; thoy had their own blnnkeU nud slept on tho floor of our palatial residoncc, which consisted of a polo cabin fourtoen feet square, tho ititcrstices between tho poles "stuffed with clay to keep tho wind away," a puncheon lloor and n mud chimney, and not a pano of glass or a particle of sawed lumber about tho institution. Tho furniture, consisting of such nrticlo3 ns I had manufactured from a fir treo with an ax nnd augur. Wo regaled our guests bountifully upon boiled wheat and jerked beef, without sugar, coffeo or tea. A quurter of a century aftorward I met ono of these otlicors in Washington. Ho reminded mo that ho had onco bcon my guest in Oregon. When that fact was reculled to my mind, I attempted nn apology for tho brevity of our bill of faro, but with characteristic politeness ho interrupted mo with, "My dear sir, don't mention it. Tho fare was splendid and wo enjoyed it hugely. You gave us tho best you had, and the Princo of Wales could do no more." Nesmith's first public life was as a member of the provisional Legislature, Ho aspired to bo speaker, but Itobcrt Newell defeated him. Finding an old copy of Jcficnon's manual, he studied it and tnou his now Knowledge by mov ing "the nroviouaouestion.'' "Sit down. nir," said Mr. Speaker. "Do jou mean to trillo with the chair? You know we passed the previous question two weeks ago. It wan the first thing wo did." fjjjortictilfttral. Farming by Irrigation. Probably not moro than ono in ten, if so many, of nil tho formers cast of tho Missouri and Mnssissippi Divers, has nny elenr idea even of whnt is mennt by tho word "Irrigntion." A book on tho subject, issued n fow yonrs ngo, showing its value and importanco to nil parts of the country, found very fow purchasors outsido of tho arid regions. Somo of tho most profitable crops grown in tho dump climate and on tho moist soils of Eng land are moadow lands freely irrigated At lenst ono-half, nnd probably three fourths of all farmers betweou tho At lantic nnd tho Missouri nro cnpablo of profitablo irrigation, including n largo part of tho prairies. Arrangomonts for this, easily and simply provided, would havo paid n very lnrgo percentage on tholr cost during tho single drouth of 18SG. Tho most perfect system of farm ing nnd gardening, U that which pro vides uudordrains to remove excoss of water, and reservoirs to supply deficiency in dry seasons. This is secured in many of tho higor regions of tho llocky Moun tain plnteauH and valleys, nnd for n con siderablo distnnco on the sloping plains on either side of these nud othor moun tain ranges. A traveler going through Colorado, for example, only n fow years ngo, would havo pronounce it a hopelessly barren Statu so far in agriculture is concerned. Yet to-dny it is rapidly growing into ono of tho moat inviting farming sections. Tho soils of the barren plains, apparently so sterile, are largely mndo up of the richest chemical materials for tho growth of nearly nil crops ; they nro the worn down debris of rocks, abounding in pot ash, etc., nnd only water is needed to niako them moro productive than the best soils in tho Knstern S'atcs, which already require tho application of phos phatia and other material fertilizers, ho abundant in tho mountain-made soils. And cver-compensatlon Nature has pro vided water in tho melting snows of tho mountains that flow down during tho warm, dry summer months neoding only tho skill of mini to store and dis tribute the fluid over thoso soils, whoro it producos tho most rapid nnd vigorous crowth of rich crnsscMlio ernins. fruits. etc. Indeed, tho y iwrfoction of farming is now found, where twenty and even ten years ngo, rHip'Kiyod irredeem able sterility mot tho oyo on ovory hand. It poems strange to talk of Colorado and adjacent States, as especially adapted to farming, nnd invitingly so; yet such is tho fact. Tho Beit Time to Prune, Tho question in regard to tho best time for pruning wns onco answered by saying "Whcnovor your knife is Hharp." This would do very woll if evoryono attended to his treo carefully nud removed every limb needing removal whilo it could bo cut with tho pruning knife. Usually, howover, trcos nro not pruned regularly, and soma limbs which ought to be taken away grow to bo two inches or moro in diameter boforo pruning. For these, opon woather in winter has been recom moiidcd ; ami this generally works well, especially if the cms are nimle sloping or as nearly at right angles with the horri.Qii as po-inihlo, nud then covured with a vory little wax. The discum-ions at tho recent meeting of a horticultural society which is doing n good work in tho Went recommended Juno as the bent time, an the wounds would heal quickly then. Dut it must lw re membered that the healthy and per fect holding of wounds is of moro im portance than rapid healing, and in Juno tho flow of sup is so profuse and of such a nature that decay is more likely to follow than healing. Probably the best of all times for the removal of lnrgo limbs it August and September, particu larly Septembor. Tbe Codling Matb. To guard ugaimt the insect, I doubt if there is n moro clloctivo modo one that is cheaper, and more easily put in practice than that of straw or hay bandagcH around the trees. .With a lot of fine hay or straw, which can bo easily twisted into u rope, ono man can twist and handago 100 or lot) trees in a day ; anil it is astonishing tho numlcr of worms Uiey will catch. Thoy should bo put on now tho middlo of .Tunc so ns to niako hiding places for tho first brood thnt emerges from tho young npples. And thoy should bo examined in two or three weeks, beforo tho larva trans forms nud comes forth a perfect moth, nnd begins nncw its work of depositing eggs in tho apple. Thoy wiil bo readily detected under tho band, which should beburned and replaced by a fresh ono. This method is not near mj costly or troublesome as spraying largo trees with arsenical poisons; nud although tho ani mals may not bo caught, tunny bushels of fine npplos may be thus saved, which would othorwiso bo lot. Try these bnndngos. Prairio Farmer. Tho Chinch Dub In Kanaan Light Whoat. Hay ana Apple Croi- CiucAdo, July 3. The following crop Huuininry will appear in this week's issuo of tho Farmers' Itoylow: Itcporls on tho yield of tho winter wheat crop aro now coming in and thus far corrob orate our previous statements ns to n shortngo thnt might bn expected. Mis souri loads in her average, and Is fol lowed by Illinois, while other states have tho following rclativo position: Kentucky, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio and Inst Kansas, where chinch bugs have dono very serious damage. As yet reports on the average yield of tlio winter wheal crops me just beginning to come in, but tho following from dif ferent slates probably furnishes n cor rect indication of final results of tho harvost: Twelve counties in Illinois report tho average seventeen bushels nnd four counties plneo tho nvorago con dition 78 per cent; nino eountipft in In diana place the avcrngo of 70 per cent.; seven counties in Michigan report nit itvornge yield of fifteen bushels ; eleven counties in Ohio report n yield of thir teen bushels, while live counties report n condition of 85 percent.; the yield in twelve Missouri enmities is eightoon bushels, und the condition in three is 108 percent.; five counties in Kentucky place tho yield nt sixteen bushels; in KnusiiH nine counties report tho average yield of eleven bushels, mid five nn av erage condition uf Cut per cent. - Hovon teen comities in Illinois complain ot damage to crops by drought. Liko com plaints (,'Oiiin lioin six counties in Indi ana, and thirteen Kansas counties re port damage from Insects and drought. Hain is needed in Kentucky nnd Wis consin, and six Missouri comities com plain of damage by drought. Tho condition of spring wheat indif ferent states is as follows: Sevoutcou counties in Iowa repoit an average con dition of 71 per cent.; while thirteen counties in Minnesota place it at 70 ; oiovoii counties in Nebraska report an nvorago of 80 per cent. As was oxpeoted, tho hay crop turned out light, and pastures were nearly ovorywhoro dry. Prospects for tho crop of apples in the west are fair to middling. In many placos fruit is dropping from the trees. Koott For Stock feed. After trying a number of varieties of stock beets, my opinion is that the variety which has gone Iry tho name of Norbiton Giant 1h the best, evorythliig considered. The reason can lie given if necessary. Of turnips, I think, and have had the t-ame opinion for 20 years, that Hkirving'ri purple top rutabaga is tho best for all purposes. Of tho soft varieties, such as will do for early wintor feed, the so-called Yellow Stouo is tho Ix'st. Kverylhiiifr of th root or vege table kind should bo pitted in the field to git the best results. Put enough roots in each pit to last a month, and clean out n whole pit at a time. Lst tbe direction of tho pit li east anil west, if possible, and break in on tbe south "ido, where there will be but little frost., . A. South wick. A Oreat Attraction Geo ('. Milu the eminent tragedian, HiipiKii Ifil by Allele Payne and an ex cellent company of artists will visit Salem on Monday and Tue.itlay July 11th and 12th at Iteed's Opein limine. Geo. C. Miln and Adelo Payne wan in this city two years ago ami received nu ovation fioin our citizens that few ac tors receive. They aro not only first class but celebrated as purfoiinera of Khakesporinn plays. On Monduy the cast will bo "Othello," and on Tiu'sdnv "Tho Merchant of Venice." lt ix sel dom that Sulein is favored by such a treat and wo hope that our citieus will turn out ou-mas'ut. Itememlier the dato ami place. Admission ."() cents in tho gallery and? 1 for rci-vrvcd cents in tlio drees circle. S ygsray43 fflWMit,tiMrili jSac-