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VOL. XIX.
OREGON PIONEER HISTORY.
SKETCHES OF EARLY DAYS. MEN AND
TIMES IN THE FORTIES
I l
BY B. A CLARKE. L- ft V
Copyright pplld for. AU rtghti reiorv.d
Some Short Notes Relating to the Men and
a Scene's of Early Blitory.
V" From Judgo J. W. Grim, who lives
near Aurora, where ho sottlod on com
ing to tho country in 1848,1 loam somo
interesting facts. Probably few now
living know that tho Hudson Bay poo
plo seriously contcmplatod constructing
locks at tho falls of tho Willamotto bo
foro tho discovory of gold. It was early
in tho afternoon when Grim, tho emi
grant, reached Orogon City. Ho drovo
up undor tho bluff, opposite whoro tho
basin now is, unyoked, turned his cattle
up thostcop hillside, and mado his
camp by tho foaming falls, or just above
tho great plungo. While they woro got
ting supper, n vcncrablo old gcntloman
carao to thoir camp, and tho only chnir
thoy had, ono that had been hauled
across tho plains for tho u;o of tho
mother, was offered to him. Grim sur
mised that his visitor was Dr. McLaugh
lin. Ho know that tho old gbntloman
livod noar by, and was convinced of bis
idontity by various tokens. Ho soon
lcamod that ho was correct.
Boforo leaving tho frontier, Mr. Grim
had heard that Dr. McLaughlin intend
ed to placo locks and mako a canal to
render tho willamotto navigable Af
tor somo conversation and establishing
their mutual idontity, Grim remarked,
"Doctor, I am very much disappointed
to 11 nd that no improvements havo been
mado hero at tho falls. I hoard before
I loft old Missouri that you woro intend
ing to put looks at tho falls, but J eco
nothing of tho kind has been dono"
"Tutltutl tut!', said tho doctor; "too
much joalousy of mo ; too much rivalry;
cannot do anything." Ho lcamod that
tho matter had been in contemplation,
bat ho many obstacles had arisen that
work was novcr commenced. In all I
havo over hoard or read of tho history of
that period, no rocord has over appeared
concerning tho improvement of the falls
of tho.Willamotto. It is ovidont from
Jndgo Grim's story that at ono timo the
work had boon undor serious contem
plation by Dr. McLaughlin. It was too
much for any one man to attempt, and
tho work was no doubt planned by the
H. B. Co.
Tho doctor askod Grim whero ho in
tended to go, and when ho replied "to
tho lowor French prairio," ho was told
he had got as far as ho could go, and
must turn back and tako tho road up
tho hill from tho lower town. Ho had
driven up undor tho bluff, past the mill
tho doctor was building, and, euro
enough, could go no further. By tho
evening camp-firo Dr. McLaughlin sat
and talked awhilo about Oregon and
Orcgonians, and thoy laid the founda
tion of a lasting friendship. Tho next
morning Grim retraced his stops, and
mado for his brotlier-in-law's place, that
was on tho first good open prairie-land
abovo Oregon City. Whilo abundance
of good land was vacant and near by,
ho paid $300 for his claim with ecarco
any improvements, because it was tho
nearest open prairio to Oregon Oily, and
was noar tho Mission flouring mill, and
a saw mill. Grim lives to-day on tho
old donation claim, though he owns sev
eral other farms near by.
It is interesting to trace tho devious
ways by which he reached his futuro
home, that was only thirteen miles from
Oregon City by direct line. Thoy
crossed the Mobdla at Harrison Wright's
ten miles above Fcndlcton, swung round
a circle almost, and made three camps,
traveling over much rough country and
river bottom, making a journey of thirty
fivo miles to accomplish the thirteen of
direct distance.
Joseph Otlt, the Pioneer.
One of the early mountaineers and
i i
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY,
pioneers who litorally helped to mako
Oregon was Joseph Gnlo. Ho was' a
mechanic as well as a hunter and Bailor,
and I havo hoped to bo ablo to writo
his lifo and enterprises up rather freely
and to do him tho justico ho deserves.
Gftlo died lately, a yoar or bo ago, nt his
latest homo, in Grando Rondo, which I
happen to bo passing through at this
moment. Ho really pcrformod work
that was n great benefit to this young
community. For n timo ho was very
prosperous, and my informant, Mr. A.
T. Smith, of Forest Grovo, speaks of
him. as both enterprising and successful.
Tho building of tho schooner Star was
duo to his taking n leading part. Sho
was oxchanged for u great band of cows,
that helped to mako Oregon bottlors in
dopondont of tho Hudson Bay Co. Ho
also built a Hour mill and a sawmill,
and had this last in full operation when
nows camo to Oregon of tho diBcovory
of gold. Ho placed his children with
A. T. Smith, rented his mill and then
wont to tho mines. Ho was so successful
that ono timo ho had $30,000 in gold in
his possession. Galo mado an exchango
of proporty horo in Orogon for other
property in San Joso, California, but
lost everything ho exchangod for bo
causo tho titlo was dofectivo. By this
ho lost his two mills and a section of
land. When ho was bankrupt at San
Joso ho wont to Los Angolcs and took
contracts that proved a losing thing.
His own son-in-law is accused of having
swindlod him. At any rato ho was bad
lo usod up, and camo back to Oregon,
whero ho lived until 1881. Ho was
married to a Noz Forco woman, and
much was said about Indian wives, but
Jason Leo remarked of such mon that
they wero ofton fortunato in marrying
women who could mako them homes.
Mr. Leo thought thoy woro well ofT, and
it is true that many of tho Ncz Forco
women mado good wives and mothors.
If somo ono who knows tho particulars
of Galo's lifo will furnish mo a statement
I shall tako plcasuro in trying to do
fullor justico to his memory. Mr. A. T.
Smith speaks of him as a man deserv
ing of respect, and givos him credit for
enterprise that is woll sustained by his
recorded nets.
A Frontier Woman's Way.
A rather rough story is told of n woll
known Methodist minister who was hero
during tho forlios nud had his sharo of
rough experiences. Ho went in thoso
early timca to a placo midway of tho
Willamotto valley, ou tho west sido. Tt
was ovoning, and ho wanted his suppor
and bo did his nag want his hay and
oats. Ho knocked and tho mistross of
tho honso camo to tho door. Good-day
passed, and sho asked who ho was and
what ho wanted. If ho had Btated that
ho was hungry and wanted his suppor,
ho would hav no doubt had it in duo
timo, but tho reverend brothor rather
likos to put a fiuo gloss on his roligion,
so ho said : "Madam, I nm an Hinorant
ministor in tho sorvico of our Lord, and
I thought it my present duty to stop and
pray with you." Tho woman lnokod
him over with quiot deliberation, and
with tho utmost sang froid exclaimed :
"Tho h 1 you do?" Our friend, tho
itinorant, happens to bo one of tho most
sclf-posBOSsed gentlemen possible. Ho
thought ho had taken tho measuro of his
hostess' mind and temper, but ho was
dnmbfoundod for onro. He had not a
word to say, and couldn't have said it
if he had. The woman was ontirely at
home, and stood waiting for him to sus
tain tho conversation ; but ho had lost
his appetite. Even his horso appeared
to wait for him to "movo on." So, more
in sorrow than in anger, he picked up
his saddle-bags and left Ho tolls the
story himself, far better than I can, and
there was no ono else to tell it. When
he bod got well out of Bight ho laughed.
Of coureo he didn't laugh at tho poor
wnmans profanity; that was deplorable.
Ho laughed ul the "itinerant minister"
of our Lord who was going his way.
V .yfti0W4
Jorreonilcncf.
OLANDER8.
Salkm, April 17.
Editor Wiljametto Farmers
C11R0XI0 OLANDKnS SYMPTOMS.
In somo instances tho discoso presents
itself in such a mild form that tho gen
oral health is scarcely aflbctcd. Thero
will bo a dischargo from ono or both
nostrils, gonorally from ono nostril, and
that tho near, or left one. Tho submax
illary lymphatio glands nro swollon and
hard, tho swelling and hardnoss are of
a remitting nature Very often varying
in sixo in a short period, as for example,
a horso may bo loft at night swolling,
and found in tho morning with a hard
nut undor tho' jaw, which is both easily
scon and felt. Tho swolling may con
tinue for soveral days afterwards and
afterwards Blowly disappear ; thon reap
pear as rapidly as boforo. This condi
tion may oxist boforo any dischargo
issues from tho noso1, and a horso bo af
fected is ologanUy said to bo bo "jug-
god." If tho nostrjls of such a horso bo
examined it will bo found to bo paler in
color than natural; perhaps tawny,
coppery and somotimes of a dull leaden
hue. Tho dischargo of glandors pro
scnts a starchy or a gluo liko appear
anco adheres to tho nostrils, whero it
drios and accumulates, causing tho
nassal opening of the affected sido to
appear smaller or more contracted than
in health. Thcso appearances, in ad
dition to a woak or debilitated condi
tion of tho cyo of tho effected sido, may
bo all tho symptoms present in n caso of
chronio glanders; indeed, in somo in
stances there may bo nothing but tho
dischargo from tho nostrils to lead tho
obscrvor to suspect anything wrong
with tho animal, nnd tho diagnosis is
consequently vory difficult, moro par
ticularly if tho caso in- u solitary ono.
But whero glanders is found to oxist in
a band of horses any suspicious symp
toms becomes significant. I havo said
nothing about tho glandors ulcer, bo
cause in many instances of chronio
glanders tho ulcer is undiscovorablo ; in
deed in somo raro cases ulcors aro cither
boforo or after death. For this reason
Fercivall limited tho term chronio to
that form in which no ulcers could bo
detected. Ho says however that thoy
aro always prosant in tho frontal sinuses.
Boforo describing tho moro common
form of glandors, namoly, that in which
ulceration is a characteristic sign and
called by Forcivoll "sub-acuto glanders."
I shall call tho readers attention to
what may bo termod a spurious form of
glandors ; that is to say, n form of glan
ders whoro thoro Ih neither dischargo
from tho uoso, nlcoration of tho schnoi
dcrian membrnno, nor enlargement of
tho submaxillary glands, but in which
all thcso may become apparent if tho
animal 'livo long enough. This form
may bo appropriately torniod pulmon
ary glanders and tho symptoms aro as
follows;. Tho animal is languid un
thrifty, loses flesh, swoats on tho slight
est oxortion, tho visible mucus mem
branes aro pale, diurrhoeiu is cosily in
duced, and thore aro occasional attacks
of diebotcs. Thoro is a dry, dull, soft
cough ; tho appetite is vory capricious,
tho hair is oasily removed from tho
mono and tail, tho logs aro sometimes
very fino, sometimos moro or less cod
matous. Tho affected animal may re
main in this uncatihfactory condition
for eovoral week, or oven months, and
may die from marasmnu and debility
without any other symptoms becoming
apparent, or all other signs of glanders
and farcy may very rapidly develop
themselves and carry it off in a few days.
If a caso of this kind occurs in tho horso
first attacked in a stud, or if in a horso
whoro no others aro kept, it is impossi
ble to arrivo at a satisfactory conclusion
as to the nature of the disease, and the
one examining the case must bo con
tented to pronounce it "chronio pneu
APRIL 32, 1887.
monia." Tho abnormal sound of that
disca&o being moro or less dotcctablo by
ausoulation. But when it occurs in a
stud whero glandors has existed, or
whero it exists no difficulty need bo felt
in pronouncing as to tho truo character
of tho disease.
Tho post mortem examinations of a
horso which has presented thcso symp
toms prior to death will reveal tho lungs
ttuddod with nodules, varying in sizo
from a pins head to a pigeon ogg, or even
largor. Somo of thcso nodules will bo
found to consist of an organized oxudato
lymphoma--of a pearly grey appear
ance, and rather hard; others will con
tain puss oncloscd in Bacs vomicao ;
whilst others will bo found in a degen
erated condition, and prosonling tho ap
pearance of rotten chocso, tho degraded
material consisting otthor of insplsslatcd
puss or a cncoouB metamorphosis of tho
oxudato. Somo of tho deep seated lym
phatio glands will bo onlargod, as iu a
suppurating condition, and ono remark-
ablo pathological chango, which I havo
soldom.failcd to obsorvoin thisornny.but
tho most acute form of glandors, tho
splonio veins nro fillod with thrombi;
ttio larger generally obiitcraicu uy nam
oncd fibrinous coagula. C.W.J., Y.S.
To bo continued next week.
Another Man that Knows Beans.
Aumbville, Or., April 14, 1888.
Editor Willamette Farmen
Hero's anothor Farmer correspondent
who " knowB beans." Learned it by
practical expefionco, too. Shake, broth
cr. I learned to know beans in tho Bamo
way. I also know soveral other articles
in tho samo, and this samo way is tho
curso of Orogon. No wondor A. H.
went to Washington Torritory. Ho
doubtless wanted to got to somo placo
whero business was dono on common
senso principles. I havo been horo DO
yours nnd hnvo webs botweon my toos
liko n boaver, nnd moss on my back liko
n Cotswold shcops Jlocco, but I don't
know of a country whero less common
scneo is used in business, especially
among tho rural population, than in
Oregon. This is not flattory I know,
but facts nro facts. Tho avorago Oregon
trndor will buy nothing mado or pro
duced at homo, unless on n prospect of
a fifty to two hundred per cent, profit;
and tho nvorngo Orogon farmer or other
producers, will buy or uso nothing that
is not mado or ruiscd in tho East, or at
least in California.
Thoro aro a fow oxcoptions to this
rule. Tho Orogonians will oat thoir
own flour nnd potatoes ; and thoy will
feed thoir horsos on homo raised oats,
but thoy spend millions of dollars for
foreign productions, tho only merit of
which is that thoy cost more raonoy
than tho homo mado. A. II. strikes
strikos squaro when ho Bays tho foolish-
ncss of cousumors and tho crazo for for
eign production, results in disaster to
tho goncral welfaro. Both tho merchant
and tho farmer aro to blamo. Neither
party will givo tho least encouragement
to homo enterprise. Tho ruorohant is
grcody and foolishly kills tho gooso that
would lay him golden eggs. Whilo tho
farmer drives tho wonld-bo homo pro
ducers to tho wall as fast as postiblo
with his crazo for foroign production.
If tho pcoplo of Oregon would stand by
thoir own interests as faithfully as tho
Willamette Farmer has dono and
would heed somo of its teaching! and
arguments, thoy would havo less causo
to complain. What is tho use to howl
for manufacturing industries to bo Bet
up among a pooplo who would not pat
ronizo thorn, or for manufacturers who
would not work for anything loss than
100 per cent, profit. Givo us omigra
tlon and immigration. F. S. M.
"Dear Mamma," said a smart litttlo
cherub of fivo or Bix summers, "do got
somo of Frese'a Hamburg Tea I don't
liko to tako any other medlctno I al
ways feel so welt after taking a cup of
it. It never makes mo sick liko inoso
nasty pills.
NO. 11.
llJortfcnlfttraL
Fruit Crop In Southern Orecon Damaged.
An intending sottlor, says tho Albany
Herald, and a practical fruit grower
from Ohio, who has just returned from
Southern Orogon, Informs uh that in
his opinion tho fruit prospects of that
portion of tho stato is vory poor indeed.
Ho visited tho valleys of tho Applogato
and Illinois rivers and a portion of
Sam's vnlloy, as woll as points betwoon
Jacksonville and Ashland, and found
tho diro affects of Jack Frost.
Ho found tho samo effect among tho
tho fruit and berries along tho Umpqua
rivor, nnd tho country bolow Eugono.
It Is his opinion that thoro will bo but
fow peaches, fowor ohcrrios, and borrloa,
and that plum and pruno trees havo
suflorcd greatly, Ho was vory sorry to
find this stato of things as ho had in
tended to locato in that region and rniso
fruit as n business. Ho found many
discouraged pooplo among thoso who
had settled thoro during tho past two or
throe years.
In tho Willamotto vnlloy fruit trees
aro loaded wiUi pmmiso. As yet only
tHMuhcs nnd cherry troos nro in bloom
but a fow moro warm days will hasten
other fruit forward. Tho season of
1887 promises to bo remembered for its
Intones. Tho middlo of April doos not
usually find gardons unplantcd, much
spring wheat unsown and trees just
blooming. Beyond a slight damage to
poach troos in tho vicinity of Albany
no damago to crops has boon reported
by frost iu .the Willamette valley. Not
withstanding the latoncss of the season
crops of all kinds aro thriving and
heavy yields may bo oxpootod in this
portion of tho stato, both in tho fruit
and cereal crops.
Fruit arowlnjr In Eastern Washington.
For many ycare thoso portions of
Washington Torritory bordering tho
Facifio Ocoan and along tho Columbia
river havo been noted for tho vnrioty
and quality of fruit grown. Tho rogion
around Walla Walla has also long had
a reputation for its fino fruits, particu
larly apples and peachos. Up and down
tho Columbia, from tho mouth to tho
Wenatohio, aro many fino orchards and
vinoyards, tho Wonatchio producing
gropes, poaches and plums of extra
quality. Tho wino grnpes of this section
aro particularly fine.
I will venturo to assort thnt thoro aro
fow portions of Washington Torritory
whoro auy fruit that can bo successfully
grown in Now York or Michigan may
not bo as woll grown hero with proper
caro. Thoro aro many portions of tho
region oast of tho mountains especially
adapted to tho culture of grapes nnd
poaches, and in Bomo favored and shel
tered places many of tho moro dolioato
and tondor varieties may bo grown. Tho
soil is particularly rich, and with irriga
tionwhich is only just beginning to
bo understood horo produces trees
which aro vory strong, vigorous and free
from disease. Alkali in nn important
olement of tho soil and thus presents a
bar to tho Ingress of tho "yellows."
Ono fruit grower on tho bonch lands
below Yakima City raised a thousand
bushels of peaches on 425 trees from
three to four years old. Ono two yoar
old troo netted him about $20 worth of
fruit. Tho bench land in this part of
Yakima is-adapted to growing all kinds
of fruit, grapes, poaches, plums, chorrios,
apricots, applos, and all sorts of small
fruits. Ono man is preparing to propa
gate 16,000 peach trees for futuro plant
ing on Ids ranch. Fruit growing is be
ing pushed in this section and in a fow
years many fino orchards and vinoyards
will be tt out whoro at present is noth
ing but Hugo brush, furnishing a retroat
for tho jack-rabbit and coyote.
There are many sections of tho finest
fruit land awaiting settlement around
hero by persons who havo sufllclont cap
ital to con1 truct irrigating ditches. This
land Is bordering and buck from tho
Yakima river. Tho bonch lands in tho
Ahtahnam and Natchcs valloys aro also
flonoly adapted for fruits. In all por
tions of the territory small fruits nro
vigorous and productive. Los Anglos
Fruit Grower.
Plant a fow hills of "egg" gourds,
for nest oggs ; they nro "gay dcoolvors,"
and tlio most inveterate egg-eating ben
was never known to devour one.