A tv' i IF - swyv rr -Tjp fiir VOL. XIX. OREGON PIONEER HISTORY. SKETCHES OF EARLY DAYD. MEN AMD TIMES IS THE FORTIES BY S. A CLARKR )( I Copyright applied (or. All rlghti rontred. Joseph Watt does to Washington and Inter views Senator Banton. CONCLUDED FIIOM LAST WEEK. About tho first of May they started with their shcop.-nnd had 150 lambs in tho flock. It was a common remark that ho was making a very foolish von turo, and fow would boliovo thoy could over got through Bafoly. Tho most not ablo incident ot their journoy occurod tho fourth day after thoy left St. Joseph Missouri, which was tho point whero thoir company gathorod, and was tholr starting point. They had campod for tho night, nnd at a rathor lato hour for camping Jo Mock rodo up with a com pany of horsomen, who, it seems, woro riding express with important nows from Orogon for tho govornmont. Ono of tho company was 'Squiro Ebborts, whoso story ns a mountaineer of early times was told eomo whilo back. Mcok callod loudly for tho captain, naming Jo Watt, without getting off his horso. "Ilallol Mock ; what's up now?" was asked of him. 'Squiro Ebborts had got down, and was quietly unpacking his nag, but Sleek was trying to crcato a sensation and alarm tho women and children. So ho demanded a fresh horso, said ho must push on for an emergency, otc. Watt was well enough awaro of Mcek's sen sational and mendacious yarns not to givo way to him. Watt told him ho couldn't havo any horso that night, but if ho needed ono on tho morrow it could bo furnished him. So tho oxpross escort unsaddled, and tho Whitman massacro was finally told, but as Jo Meek would naturally toll it. la answor to inquiries Mock was finally roliovod ot a tromondous yarn. Tho Cayuso Indians had broken out and woro murdering far and near. Thoy had murdorcd many, yes hundreds, and woro ruvaging tho land and destroying every thing that camo in thoir way. This story was enough to sot tho women and chil dren in a terror and Jo Meek was in his glsry. Tho mora prudent Jo Watt askod him again: "Who has been killod, Jo?" "Woll, thoy murdcrod Dr. Whitman and Mrs. Whitman, tho Sagor children and a groat many moro." That was bad enough to bo suro, but that was not "hundreds," or ovon "many moro." Watt quostionod him closely and Jo re peated his yarn. 'Thoy killed Dr. Whitman and Mrs. Whitman, tho Sagcr children and many moro." And thero ho broke down. Ho was compelled to stay, of courso, and whilo ho was un saddling Watt learned tho melancholy story of tho massacro from tho moro re liable Ebberts, who told them tho plain, unvarnished talo of tho murder and tho feeling prevalent in tho Willametto set tlements. Of courso this sad news was a damper on tho wholo company but it was not vory difficult to show that tho Indians would bo surprcsscd long boforo mo arrival 01 tuis company, tor a whilo women woro crying and mon looked bluo and dojected. Ebborts made it plain that tho volunteers could easily subdue them, as thoy actually did, but Meek asserted that overy Cayuso wm a native born hero. Ho said the fighting when he left was going on hand to hand. Tho "boys" charged on tho Indians and tho Siwashes charged back again, and many were killod on tho battle field. When asked to name the warriors slain on part of the whites, the garrulous fel low began to recito again. ' "Thoy killed Dr. Whitman and Mrs. Whitman and tho Sager children." Watt saw through such shallow lying and Boon proved to tho weepers and tremblers that Joe Meek's phenomenal lying would not hold together and remove their fears. Meek remained with the company until after a late breakfast and was not so - rpj - rv - f SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, eagor to push on as ho protended to bo tho night beforo. Watt'B shoep swam all tho rivers and got to Oregon in good season and fair condition. Ho found it difficult to drive shoep but posslblo, and it was his cus tom to mako difficult things possible. Watt went after his sheep full of tho idea that tho Faclfio region must grow slowly and must produco nearly all their clothing as well as provisions. Ho wont to bring out his father's family, that contained eight sisters, and ho brought shcop becauso ho bolievcd thoy woro needed to mako cloth both for men's and women's wear. Ho left Oregon in its promeval condition, of civ ilization, with its provisional govern ment in oporation and tho peculiarities of frontior lifo exaggerated in their do Yolopmont. As ho moandorod tho hills and plains to tho westward, howovor, thero was inauguratod horo tho now era that was to astonish all earth and trans form tho far Pacific shero by a meta morphosis ns strongo and wild as tho flctlono of Arabian story. After Watt had bocomo eomo what im proved in circumstances his company was moro nccoptablo than whon his clothing was rags and tatters. Ho bo camo acquainted with good, old Dr. Mo Loughlin, tho "Whito Head" of tho nativo tribes, and many a long confab thoy two had over Oregon prospects. It was upon Dr. Mclaughlin's suggestion, and to soma extent upon his advico, that Watt, and two frionds of his, woro to havo started cast with $1000 total capi tal to invost in floeco-bearing sheep and flccco-carding and spinning machinery. Tho other two, and two thirds of tho capital stock was well, withdrew from thoschemo, but Jo Watt wan still loft and "went it alono" as ho often has sinco that day. It was during tho long wintor ovonings of 1817-18 that Watt engaged thoso pleasant talks with tho good old doctor. Tho ono was a groy beard and woro snowy locks that told of almost four-score; tho other was scarco moro than a boy, who had advonturcd to this furthest west and was looming wisdom from tho lips of tho patriarch whoso ruin had been absoloto, almost, over a scope of country as largo as many modern omplrcs, sinco tho time whon his youthful disciplo was a nurse ling. Thoy counted on tho present us it was, and coming timo was to bo its natural outgrowth and offspring; but tho shadow of impending futo was even then approaching thorn. Destiny had in storo for us groater fortuno and a moro magniflcont fnturo than over this world had soon proportioned out to any of its most favorod regions. It was liko shifting tho sconory of somo great play ; tho curtain drops on tho plain work of frontior lifo and backwoods existence, to riso upon a world awakonod by tho glit ter of gold and crazed and drunkon with gilded vico and golden luxury. Tho pioneer manufacturing enterprise in Oregon was tho building of tho Salem woolen mills, a work that reflected honor on tho young stato that accom plished it, and proved quite a succens, especially during tho civil war, when its stock rose to $3,000 a share and it did a very largo as well oa prosperous business. Mr. Watt was tho founder and originator of this factory and his account of tho hard work by which tho pioneer woolen mills of tho Pacific was set in motion, will bo a worthy and interesting contribution to pioneer litora turo and Oregon history. To n man liko Watt tho miniature ex citement of tho gold mining ora was a wasted existence. With his practical turn of mind there was not much satis faction in an age that boro fow practical results. So ho welcomed tho advent of more peaceful, or at Ioast less exciting times, when the people began to sober down and attend to their home business again. In timo a few prudont men began to think of the permanent pros perity of tho country abont 1854-5 'T - Thoy Haw that wo were buying too much and producing nothing to sell or to save.. In tho oxcitomont of gold hunting pooplo had sold thoir stock without roplacing or waiting for it to in crease So thoro woro but fow cattle in tho country. Thero was no inducement to grow wheat largely. Thoy saw that it was necessary to do something to pro vont tho constant outlay for foreign goods to pay for tho mcrchandiso that was so lavishly bought. At that timo wool was almost worth less, or at loast, valueless. There was plonty of it in tho country to keep a small mill going if wo could only get tho mill. Saya Mr, Watt: "Doing eo much interested in ehoop I was naturally anxious to mako that branch of hus bandry moro profitable. I figured that wool could bo manufactured with profit in this country ; that cheap wool would ovcrbalnuco any difference in wagos to bo paid hero, nnd labor was not much higher than it is now. Watt had novor soon a woolon mill and had no practical knowlcdgo of tho subject, but ho found two mon who woro mill wrights nnmod Barber and Reynolds, who claimed to know something about woolon manu facture. Ono thing was evident, thoy wanted jobs, and of courso oncouragod any ono who bad tho ontcrprlso to mako work for them. Mr. Thorp, of Polk county, hud a fino water powor on thoLuokiamutoand, ho nnd others thoro offered to tako hold and uso their means for putting up tho mills. In 1850 articles of agreement woro drawn up to bo subscribed. Tho location was to bo determined by tho stockholders after organizing. Tho capital slock was put up, $25,000 and whon $0,000 was sub scribed, tho subscribers wero to meet. This mooting wns called at Dallas. Thero a cummittcoof fivowas crcatod 1). Stum, Itoynolds, Goo. I). Williams, Mr. Thorn nnd Josoph Watt woro on it. Judgo Williams, representing Salem interests and subscribed for that purpose Salom peoplo woro slow in taking hold of it. Another meeting was held at Salom. Territorial treasurer J. D. Boon was anxious to havo tho mill located in North Salom, whero it wus finally built. So Salom pooplo offered a $7,000 bonus to scouro tho mill thoro. Thorp mado a groat effort to Becuro proxios to uso in locating tho mill on tho Polk county side, but Wutt whs too enorgotto for him and commanded tho most votes. A very oxciting timo was had in securing tho subscription to tho stock and location of the mill, but Marion county peoplo took hold of tho ontcrprlso and subscribed stock and offered bonuses. Thoy secured, with tho bonus monoy, $27,500 capital, actu ally paid in, and S. !). Iioon, Daniel Waldo, W. It Hector aud Josoph Hoi mau wero tho largest stock owners in Marion county, itoctor was appointed agent and ordered to commence' work to bring water from tho Suntiam. Ho becarao discouraged, Watt says, but tho board would not suspend work. Iteclor was sont East to buy machinery and employ u superintendent. Watt was put in chargo of the work in tho ditch, and to build what wan necessary in Salem. My tho first of Novombor, 1887, all was in readiness, and machinery was arriving in San Francisco. A grand ball was givon in tho now mill building, that celebrated tho progress of tho enterprise, and is remembered to this day as ono of tho great festal occasions in tho lifo of Salom. It was attended by Lieut Phil. Sheridan, Capt David Ilurtiell, Capt. ltufus Ingatls, as well hb othor officers of tho array and digni taries of tho territory. By February, 1858, thread was spun for tho first timo on this coast, by ma chinery in a mill. Tho first pair of blankets mado wore sold at auction to Jo Watt for $110, wul othors went at $75 to $25. IVopln were enthused at seeing manufacturing actually com menced in Oregon. After awhilo tho ownership changed and stock was con trolled by L. F. drover, J. F. Miller, J. S. fc W. K. Smith and Josoph Watt. Other mills followed and benefitted Ore gon, but Mr. Watt dosorves credit for being tho pioneer of such enterprises. Tho burning of tho Salem mill, which occurcd when it was owned and con trolled by W. C. Griswold, was a calam ity to the Stato and a great blow to tho prosperity of Salem. During its first years it was superintended by L. E, Pratt, who came out unaor engagement witu W. Hector. i - f APRIL J.5, 1887. 4$0rrtg,p0tulttu:f. PL ANDERS. Salkm, April 10. Editor Willametto Farmer! ACUTE atJVNDEnS SYMPTOMS. As I said in my last articlo that tho dlscaso has boon laid down as ,VTubor cular." And so oloso ia tho relationship between (dburclo and glandors that tho editor of tho British and Foreign Modico Ohirurjlcal llovlow says: "It is in glandors that Villcmsls thinks ho has found tho closest marks ot anology with tuburclo, not only in its anatomy, but also in its symptoms and causation." Ho teems to havo been conducted from tho study ot glanders direct to tho in oculation ot tuburclo. Tho characteris tic Icssionsof glandors is a small tubur clo, which is'strownolthorin tho mucous mambranoof tho nassal passages, or in tho lungs, or, moro rarely, in tho liver aud spleen. At first a grayish white firm grnnulatlons, composed of colls and nuclori, npparontly dovelopod by hyper plasia of connective tissuo, it soon tends to Bofton contrally and form ulcers on tho mucous mombrano, cavitios in tho lungs. Liko mllary tuburclo.it ocours isolated or in clusters, togothcr with theso littlo granulations, streaks and bands ot fibrous tissuo, as woll as patch es of chcosy infiltcratlon, nro unfroquont- ly mot with in tho lungs of glandorcd horses. Ic is interesting, too, that tho samo doubts havo boon raised concern ing tho real naturo of theso "Inflltcra lions" in glandors as in tuburclo. Thoy nro regarded by Villomln as ono form of glandors; Justus In man they aro ono form of tuburclo. As to which is tho part primarily affected in glandors tho nassal mombrano or tho lungs- thoro is somo difToronco of opinion .Virchow maintaining that tho dopoiits in tho lungs nro always soaoudary and by metastasis from tho nassal membrunos Phillippo and Bouloy being convinced by repeated post mortem examinations that tno primary JossionB aro always in tho viscera, moro particularly tho lungs, and that tho formations in tho nassal mombrano nro invariably socondary. It mattors but littlo whioh part of tho body is first affected. In cither caso tho anology with n tuburcular outbreak romalns as strong as can bo. Tho intes tinal ulcortions ot tuberculosis In which wo sco tho counterpart of tho nassal ulcorutlou in glandors is moro often secondary to tho pulmonary dls caso, but occasionally shows itself be foro any ovidenco of mlschiof can lo de toe ted in tho lungs. Again glandular enlargement of a eevoro nnd persistent kind constitutes an important part of glandors, as it does of tuburclo. Tho modo of invasion is likowiso identical in tho two diseases ; now acute, foudraynt, destroying Ufa in a fow days as by an overwhelming blood poison; now chronic, so as to last for years. Further in the chronic form, tho samo recur rence of acuto nttucks complicating and adding to tho chronic mischief is 'ob served in glandors as in tuborculosls. To read a description ot chronic glan ders is "mutatis mutandis" to read an account of chronic pHthises. It is thoroforo, not surprising that Dupuy goes so far as to say that glanders is a tuburcular discaso in tho horso. In speaking of tho supposed causes of tuburclo, wo propose presently lo fol low out still further this remarkablo thread of resombluncoi but for tho pros- out it will suffer to say that glandors is tranBmissable by inoculation, and con tagious from horso to horso, and that it is also unmistakably communicable from horso to maro. Can wo hositato to believe, says Villemiss, that the parallel between tuburclo and glandors must find its completion? To conclude, glanders and tuburclo are so closely akin that they must bo looked upon as nearly related species of tho same genus." Whilst admitting tho close rvsem NO. 10. bianco botwocn glandors and tubercul osis, wo must hesitate to admit thoir idontity, for tho broad fabt that inocu lation with glanders producos glandors, whilst inoculation with tho casoous mat tor of sulascd tuburclo is followed by tho development of nodules, which rapidly undorgo a caacous change Tho form of pneumonia scon in glanders is char aotoristlo, tho imflamcd part rcsombllng an infiltoration with thombiin tho blood vcsBols, gangrenous onphysenatous ot a greenish black color, and rapidly decom posing after death. Tho lino of termi nation or demarcation betweon tho hoatthy and inflamod lung is often ab rupt and very distinct Tho tracheal and bronchial mucous mombrano is moro or loss highly inflamed ; in somo instances covered with potichial spots or dioply ti'icoratod and thiokly covorcd with an unhealthy dischargo, which ex hales a gangrenous color. Tho changes which occur in tho lymphatic glands in glandors aro characteristic Tho glands, irritated by tho specific poison, boconio congostcd and enlarged ; thoir cellular olomonts prolilorato mpro or less rapid ly, and aro mixed with a citron-colorod exudate, which Invades tho surrounding connective tissue In a fow days tho glands becomo donso and hard to tho touch, moro or loss lumpy on tholr sur face, and thoso in tho submaxillary space fixed to the jaw by tho inflamod and induratod vossols, which enter tholr dooper seated partB. Noxt weok I will glvo tho symptoms ot chronic glanders. O. W. J., V. S. Ohio Coyeipondenee. I,Ko.vAitiHuuito, O., April 5, 1887. Editor Wilimetta Farmer t Tho year 1887 to tho avcrago Buckoyo, has boon fraught with mishaps, disap pointments and winds. Tis not tho gontlo zophyrs that fan us now, but fiorco, howling, sweeping winds, yea devastating winds. For instance March 30th was calm and "not a loaf had loavo to stir" in tho forenoon. But alas I About ono o'clock tho princo of tho powor ot tho nir got mad, and aorosa tho country sont tho ovidoncos ot his fury, ouo of which was tho blowing down of sixty-iivo rods of nino rail fenco, whioh had boon blown down four timos before, nnd which now lies prono, awaiting a rebuilding. Whoat lookadoad and up rooted. Clover is universally upheaved, and ground fast bocomiug too hard to plow. February put in flvo high water marks, and tho damage to crops, roads, and along streams cannot woll bo esti mated, whilst wo all regretted wading knoo dcop in mud, and scoing our lands Hooded and our crops dostroyod. Yot I boliovo it was more tolorablo. than tho drought, frosts, aud spanking and almost incessant winds that havo pro vailed through March nnd on. Cereal crops planted on Holds which havo been tortured for half n century, promise a meager return for labor and outlay. Wo do not ncod war for a market this year, and you would ihink mo heartloss woro I to closo as tho old letter writers used to by saying, I take my pen in hand to tell you how wo aro, and hoping to find you in tho samo condition. Do you re member? John Watkiib. The Brooklyn Mat nine. Mr. Bccchor's lost contribution to periodical literature opous tho April Brooklyn Magazino, and proves to bo a most vigorous articlo, giving tho groat preacher's opinions of dancing, social amuseiueul8, stimulants and tobacco, in a gouerul consideration of "Youthful Excesses nnd Old Ago." Tho dead preacher's four last sermons aro also printed in tho number, and a most deli cate tribute is paid to his momory by tho editor. Tho balanco of the number breathes of spring-time, flowors, and Eustor. Mrs. Beecher has her usual 'Monthly Talk," and a scorn or moro of other writers, assist in making this a most oxcellent and tho best number yot IsHued of tho Brooklyn. With tho noxt issuo tho magazino changes its numo for that ot tho American Magoztuo, when it will bo fully illustrated, and its e irice incioased, 130-132 1'oarl street, tow i oric.