r
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VOL. XIX.
v
OREGON PIONEER HISTORY.
SKETCHES OF EARLY DAYS. -HEN AND
TIMES IN THE FORTIES
BY B. A CLARKE. -
Copyright applied (or. All rlghti resorted.
Remlnlsconces of C. W. Burch, of Yamhill, an
Immigrant of '44.
0. W. Burch is bo well known and ho
highly respected through Yamhill
county thnt it roturns him with striking
regularity to tho stato senate, when tho
mcro question of pnrty is oftoncst do
cided tho other wny. Ho lives among
tho beautiful lillls, and ono glorious
Sabbath day in last Juno, whon I was
so fortunato as to bo his guost, wo mndo
nfehort excursion to an august summit
crowded with golden wheat, from
whenco tho oyo took in tho broad ox
pnnso of hills and vales that nro walled
in by (Tin coast and Oascado ranges. It
took o io's broath nwny for a moment to
turn ft Dm point to point and renlizo how
boauti ul tho vision was. It seemed
varied enough to satisfy tho most exact
""IbgBpirit. Towns and villages aro dot
ting tho landscapes all around. Snowy
peaks and mountain walls, rivors and
loesor streams, prairies and hillsides,
forest and plain nil nro within ecopo of
tho actual vision, and steamboat smoko,
with tho rushing ot tho four railroad
trains tint aro also within the viow,givo
tho quiot beauty of tho sceno tho assur
nnco of civilized lifo and such commorco
and invention ns marks tho ago wo
live in.
Ilcturning from this wondorful viow
wo sat down in tho Burch mansion and
miuo host recalled tho sccnos of long
ago whon this region lay in primal love
liness and beauty; whon wild deer and
oik fed on theso Bamo hills and plains
and tho unlovely bear possessed tho for
ests for a homo. Mr. Burch was a pio
neer of tho ago that ante-dated tho gold
epoch. Ho was born in 1828 and was
10 years of ago in 1811, whon tho spirit
ofadvonturo too him from tho tlion
western frontior to tho raclfio far west.
Tho deccaso ot his grandfather with
whom ho had grown up, loft him with
out a guardian or near of kin to pro
vido for him, so he threw in his lot with
Daniel GofT and Col. Ford and started
with them to Oregon. Ho was ablo to
command a good outfit and started with
A good nnilo and abundant provisions,
which supplies ho entrusted to Mr.
Goflfs caro.
Thoy traveled on with tho train until
thoy reached Green rivor, at Bridgcr'e,
whoro fivo of them left tho train and
pushod on in advance Thoso fivo woro
Alderman, who was killed in Sacramoto
by 0. E. Pickett; Edwin Kobinson, who
was not long since murdered in Spring
Valloy ; Isaac N. Gilbert, so well known
as ono of tho oldest settlers near Salem,
nnd who died horo a fow years ago ;
also Milton W. Wambaugh. Each of
tho fivo had a good riding mulo and also
bought a pack pony to uso whon occa
sion requirod. When they nearod Fort
Hall, Alderman had a slight misunder
standing with ono of a party of Noz
Terccs they met thero. This man
claimed that tho pony Alderman had
bought at Bridgets belonged to him.
Ho mounted tho pony and tried to rido
it off but Alderman interfered. Tho
Indian persisted in his claim and thoy
sottled it by a pugilistic set-to, in which
Mr. Indian had all tho worst of it and
Alderman held tho adimal vi ot armis.
Theso Indians had been east to the hunt
ing grounds and were then roturnirg
loaded with tho spoils of tho plains,
buffalo skins and buffalo meat cured in
the dry atmosphere of the great plains.
Tho Nez Ferces used their spoils of t'. e
chao to trado with among all tho Indi
ans from far north to California.
This reminds mo that on this same
trip to Yamhill an interesting fact was
stated by Joseph Watt, Medorem Craw
ford and Charley Burch (all neighbors
in Yamhill), that in early times there
wero no flies in Oregon, or on tho plains.
Heat could be hung up in the dry at-
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, MARCH 35, 1887.
mosphcro of tho iniddlo kingdom, ns wo
may well call tho inland basin of sago
plains, with no blow-fly to disturb tho
curing process, l'coplo lived a long timo
this sldo of tho Ilocky mountains in
blissful ignoranco of even tho common
houso fly, Our friends remember that
in timo they used to exclaim : "Scot
thoro's a fly!" AJas, that tho timo ovor
come to 8co thcml
Tho fivo horsomon got out ot provis
ions at Grand Hound vnlloy, and pro
cured somo of Indians they met there.
When thoy reached Whitman's placo
on tho Walla Walla ho gavo them an
adobo house, to occupy and provisions
to oat. The first night aftor their ar
rival, thoir ponies woro run off, much
to their alarm, for thoy thought thoy
had rcuchod a placo whoro oven Indians
wero in soma sort civilizod. After
searching in vain thoy statod tho ciuo
to Dr. Whitman, who said ho hand con
fidence in his Indians and told thorn
not to ho iilarmcd. lie had n talk with
tho Cnyusos, and sovoral ot thorn rodo
off and they wero assured thoir horses
would como hack nil right. Ho said ho
had tried for eight years to civilize them,
with somo succois; that tho Indians
(Ciyusos) said that an unfriondly band
was about, and had run offromo of tho
Cayuso stock as woll as that ot tho em
igrants. At tho end ot tho third day thero stock
was drivon up, badly jaded after n long
run. An Indian wilt rido fifty to '100
miles a day on ono of thoir ponies and
thero is no telling whore thoy found tho
lost ones, or it they woro lost at all. At
Whitman's request thoy oflorod tho In
dians no recompento for returning their
animuls. Ho gavo thorn food enough
to last thorn down to Tho Dalles un
bolted flour, beefs tallow and driod
beef.
Arrivod at Orogon City, which was
tho headquarters ot Americans in '11.
and was in truth tho only settlement
that could bo styled a town wost of tho
RocKy mountains, thoy found Ncsmith
building a houso thoro. Ho would
havo them stop with him, and mado
them wolcomo and as comfortable, as
possible- on n bed of "homo-modo tenth,
ors," that feathered tho motion of his
jack piano ns ho dressed Oregon fir and
dovolopcd tho soft down peculiar to Ore
gon quilts. Ho gavo them what ho had
most of room nnd they had n thous
and pounds of dried meat, cured nt tho
headwaters of Hood river, to divido
with frionds who relished and who favor
ed them.
Aftor a whilo Mr. Burch took up tho
trado ho followed nt tho cast and worked
at sash making in tho Waldo hills.
Tho stuff thoy used did not work against
tho grain, for thoy split out yellow fir
"bolts" and dressed them down to tho
desired sizo for sash framed. Thoy
boardod with Mrs. Eyro nnd workod for
Edward Burrows, who was a good rao
chanio. That must havo bcon in 18 if),
when young Burch was 17 years old.
Tho following fall ho engaged in mak
ing saddlo trees at Salom, on Boon's is
land, so called because at a lato poriod
it was by construction of a mill raeo sur
rounded by water and Boon lived on it
as part of his land claim.
In tho spring of 1810 young Burch
was manliko at 18 and joinod a com
pany of of sixty or sovonly men who
went through to California with Dun
canl E. Camoron, ono of the Hudson
Bay company's leaders. Under his
leadership thoy reached California safe
ly and in timo to participate in a speck
of war that grew up botwecn American
and Medican authorities there, beforo
the Mexican war was actually declared.
Americans raised tho bear flag and or
ganized a forco of 100 men under Gib
son and Sears, who woro afterwards
captains under the command of Fre
mont. Tho Mexican government had
ordored all persons that were foreigners
or persons foreign born to leave within
ten dojB time or bo expelled by forco.
Tho conturion'd forco ot Americans took
tho matter in their own hands. Gibson
and Scars' men captured vnluablo host
ages in tho person of Gen. Vallcjo, Sal
vador Vallejo, Don Lcaso and Trudon,
a Frenchman, who had both married
Spanish women. Theso important citi-
zons woro hold as vouchers for tho con
duct of tho Moxicnn authorities, nnd
kept in not very uncomfortnblo duranco
nt Sutter's fort.
Soon after this happened Fremont
arrived with nows thnt war had been
declared somo moths boforo. So Burch
onlistod in his company of topographi
cal engineers, which immediately
marched for tho south. On tho wny
thoy enpturod a vessel. Thoy found
tho United States frlgnto Constitution
and went into hor to Montoroy (I don'i
vouch for tho Constitution, "Old Iron
sides" boing nctunlly thoro) undor tho
flnj of Commodoro Shuhrick. Thoy
landed at Montoroy becauso continuous
calms provollcd and thoy couldn't raako
progress. Thoy had to fight their way
on to Southern California. On Snlinns
plains thoy had n hattlo whorcin Capt.
Burroughs and twonty-four enlisted
mon woro killed by tho Mexicans.
Somo of them woro Delnwaro and Shaw
nee Indians. Tho newly enlisted mon
took tho placo of thoso killod.
Thoy finally renched Los Angeles, nnd
tho Mexican forco thoro surrondorcd.
Pco Poo Mox Mox, tho fnmous Walla
Walla chief, nnd twonty ot hit mon woro
thero, led by n sub-chiof. Burch re
mained in tho scrvico until April, 1817,
when ho was discharged and returned
to his last homo at Sutter's mill. Ho
and n friond named Squiros had n con
tract for making saddles for Sutter, Got).
Kcarnoy, and Col. Fromont.
Just now wo aro on tho ovo of tho
greatest discovery of tho kind tho world
has made tho diecovory of gold. It is
n mistako to HiippoHO that the existence
ot gold was not known until our Oregon
Marshall, who died a fow weeks ngo,
found it in tho eelcbrnted mill rnco thnt
is moro historic to tho world than tho
Widow Brndy'B cow is to Chicago.
Various finds of gold had boon mado
and worked, but without uuccoss. Only
n short timo beforo sovcrnl placors had
boon worked, but with no satisfactory
returns. At Sutter's Foit thero was n
sun dinl. Burch nnd Squlro wero stand
ing by tho sun dial ono morning, whon
Sutter himself enmo to whero ho stood,
Ho had bcon drinking. Ho whs a Swiss
and his pronunciation of English was
vory abrupt, as well ns inaccurate Ho
said : "I hash cum i in mod lately rich nnd
I docs vish to do stunting vor mino old
fronts. You must shunt go to Coloma ;
tnro ish gold fount taro and you all
gets rich. You can Hints', takes it out
ns you ploeso."
There woro no moro pack saddles
mndo by Burch it Squires. Thoy and
all thoir workmen laid aside thoir ordi
nary, work and took up tho lino of
march for Coloma. Burch got thero
among the flirt, and did woll. Ho took
care of & friend who was ill, and bo-
camo ill himself, but prospered (airly
through nil. But wo aro not to givo ro
mances of tho mining era or detail tho
oxperiences of our pionoers further than
to show tho varioty and excitement that
attended that epoch of our history. Sud
denly tho magio Wand of Midas turned
all it touched to gold. Tho Oregon pio
neer turned from Urn plodding oxistenco
of a frontiersman to becomo n gold hun
ter, and tho wholo west coast tho wait
ing Occident sprang into wild excite
ment and cnt rcd upon a lifo of .vonder
making miracles and i a wealth that
exceeded all human expectation. Burch
had b en led to the "golden strand" in
advanee of gold discovery in paying
quantity, and was on tho spot. Ho saw
the first rush, and was of tho.o who lo.'t
their occupation near by to visit "tho
diggings." Ho tells many exciting talos
ot his experience and ot matters that ho
was witness to.
orri$atulettrf
OL ANDERS.
Salkm, March 21.
EJttor Willamotto Farmon
Definition. A malignant contagious
and fatal disoasa duo to tho introduc
tion into tho animal economy, or of
genoration within it, of an animal poison
which Infects tho wholo systom and
shows its specific effects moro especially
upon tnc Hoitttciilorian mucous mom
brano, tho lungs, nnd upon tho lymphat
ic glands nnd ducts. Glandors nnd its
variety farcy, originate spontaneously
in tho horse, ass and mulo, and nro cap
nbloof transmission U man, in whom
tho virus scorns to incroaso in malig
nancy; sheep, goatn, dogs, tho follno
species, and ovon to mico and rabbits.
Cattle, pigs nnd fowls resist tho action
of tho contagium, ovon when inoculated.
History. Glandors was described by
Aristotle, and Vogotius, nnd other early
writers, undor tho terms morbus htinii
dus cymoira, capitis morbus, and so
forth, and its variety farcy as morbus
farclmoBUS, vormis cqui, etc Glandors
is a disoaso ot temperato climatos, raro
in hot and vory cold countries, tho con
tagious uaturo of glanders wns for a
long timo a disputed point; it is how
ovor, now dotorminod loyond question
tho only diffcrcnco ot opinion being its
capability of originating spontaneously
or not. Somo Veterennrinns mnintnins
that it originates by contagion only,
whilst others nnd with whom I ngroo
contond thnt it is capablo ot spontan
eous origin, and ot propagation by con
tagion and infection. Glandors may
occur undor at least four forms, namoly :
acuto glanders, chronic glanders, acuta
farcy, called by somo bud farcy, and
clironio or button faroy. Tho romoto
causes ot glandors, though not yet clear
ly understood, aro quite often found to
ariso from many debilitating inlluonccs,
such aB old ngo, bad food, over-work,
oxhausling disensos, nnd from gonural
bad manngomont, from miasmatic or
animal poisons, such ns thoso gonoratcd
in localities' whoro n largo numbor aro
stablod together in poorly ventilated
nnd damp stables. I havo also olworvcd
thnt glanders in developed in now sta
bles, whoto tho walls nro not thorough
ly dry, and finally, glandors occurs, as a
scquonco to exhausting diseases, moro
especially it tho animal bo old, or of a
bad constitution, thoso causes, and a
generally vitiated condition of tho ani
mal system, may bo said to causo glan
dors: 1, By causing tho introduction in
to tho blood ot vitiated or decomposing
material generated in tho external sur
roundings of tho animal. 2. By induc
ing tho formation of dogenorated ma
terial within tho animal system. 3. By
preventing tho excrotion of tho degrad
ed constituents normally gonoratcd
within it by natural tissue- chungos, or
excessively formed within it by various
disordered functions or introduced into
it from without. Tho most frequent
causo of glanders, moro particularly of
that form of it known as farcy, is tho
disease commonly called diabetes insi
pidus or polyuria. It cannot bo said
that in diabetes thoro is any obstruction
to tho excretion ot degraded tissuo; in
deed tho revcrso is tho caso, oxcretion of
urine. If wo look docpsr into tho mat
ter wo shall, howovor, seo that tho poly
uria is hut a result of rapid tissuo
changes, rapid emaciation of the body
being a most prominont symptom, with
debility arising from degradation of
tissue, and frcm tin prcsenco of tho de
graded materials within tho circulatory
fluid. So apparent is this conditions, that
it has been truly said that diabetes whon
arising from no cognizablo causo is
often indicative of a general breaking
up of tho constitution. Although glan
ders and farcy nro ono and tho snmo
diseaso, differently manifested farcy is
tho moro frequently douelopcJ apontan-
NO. 7.
lnncoU8ly than glanders, this circum
stance, and tho possibility of rocovory
from mild attacks of farcy, has lod somo
to concludo thnt thoy aro two soparato
diseases; but diroct experiment has
proved that tho virus is identical in both
forms ot tho disease. Tho disohargo
from tho nose ot aglandorcd horso, whon
introduced into tho system ot other
horses, may in ono produce glandors,
and in auothcr faroy, whilst tho pus
from n farcy ulcc-r may produco in tho
inoculated animal glandors, farcy, or
both ; and tho common termination ot
farcy, if n horso affected by it bo allowed
to livo n Biifllciont length of timo, is
glanders, nnd ot glandors, fnrcy,
As my nrticlo is already too long, I
will closo with tho hlstsry and causes,
and in my noxtgivo you tho symptoms
of tho disonso, both ncuto nnd chronic
0. W. J., V. S.
Thcie articloi will bo continuod ia series
of papers, and promise to bo interesting.
Ia HemorUm.
Wo aro again reminded of tho uncer
tainly of lifo in tho sudden death ot our
worthy brothor Lewis JohiiBon.
Our ordor has not only lost a truo
friend uud earnest workor, but socioty n
good citizen.
Hesolvki), That wo dooply sympa
thize with tho borcaved family, in this,
thoir great affliction.
Hkholvkd, That theso resolutions
bo Bproad upon tho minutes of this
mooting and that tho Boorotnry bo in
structed to prcaont n copy ot tho Bamo
to tho family of tho deceased, and Bond
to tho press for publication.
Theso resolutions wero unanimously
adopted at tho regular mooting ot Salem
Grnugo No. 17, P. of H., on Saturday,
March 10, 1887.
Mns. It. P. Boise,
II. V. Matthews,
h. A. Pojit
Committee.
Fialt Culture In Southern Oreioa.
Houthorn Orogon Is bound to bo-
come tho groat fruit prodnoing section
of tho State Within tho past two years
ovor a million pencil trocs Havo boon
sot out in Jackson county nlono. Many
of thorn will produco some fruit this
year. Mr. Stewart, ono of tho membon
of tho Iowa press excursion, which vial
tod tllis State two years ago, purchased
n placo out thoro and has set out 3,000
poach troos, and Mr. Whitman, another
of tho satno party, has sot out an ox ton-
tivo orchard ol iJirtlolt pears, Tho
prospect of tho nonr completion of tho
connection by rail with California has
mado tho proplo of tho southern por
tion ot the Stato jubilant and infiiBod
now lifo into that soctlou.
How to aid Oregon manufacturers is
an important item in any young coun
try and to foster nnd cucourago any
such an onterpriso, is an item that
many ovorlook, For years G. Shindlor
& Co. havo bcon manufacturing and
soiling immense quantities ot Oregon
mado furnituro mado from native
woods by Oregon workmen, and feel
that thuy nro entitled to a full sharo of
trade. Write to them, or what is hot
ter, call and seo their goods. Seo ad.
in another column.
Go to P. J, Armstrong, at Andrew
Kelly's old stand, for buggies, bucks
and carriages.
A denial Restorative.
Hostttti-r's Htamach Bitters are emphatic
ally a genial restorative. The charge which
this groat botauia remedy produces in tho die
ordered organhutlon ara always agreeably,
though eurtly progressive, never abrupt and
violent. 0,i thie account it i admirably adapt,
ed to persons of delicate constitution and weak
nerve, to whom the powerful mlacial drugs
aro positively injurious. That it initiate
thou processes which remit iu tho re-establishment
of healthful visor it conspicuously
hown In case whero it ii taken to overcome
that fruitful cause of dobilitv. lidiir:tion.
coupled, it asuslly i, with billiouinesaand
conit'patiou. Thorough digestion, regular
evacuation and abundant secretion, are io
tdt which promptly and invariably attend
it aystetnat'o use. It it, beside, the best
proactive against malaria, and a tint rate
diuretic.