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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 11, 1887)
WILLAMETTE PARMER: SALEM, OREGON, FEBRUARY 11, 1887. 4 iii VltV isaroed eyerjr Wek by ths CXTIULAMKTTE FARHKR PlTBLISIllMi O, ostwe paid), In advance I " Uiiionths, (Prepaid), In adTancu.. ''tt bee than six monUis will be, per month ADVKnSISINO KATES t aTertlsements will be Inserted, providing; In ' epectable, t the following table ol rates I One Inch of space -er month... 'J" ICiree Inches ol space per month Jj" I as-half column per month "" Oa column per month ; Bu'w fjeajjampls copies lent free on application. PlilPn PflAdvertUers cn obtain advertising rates UnlUHUU ol LOUIS Allinni itanuon'n TUIQ DIPER'Y lUonfllftlnl'hlradrlphta asau erne kiir.'i-r i..- :. u . ttho Newipanrr Auvcr- Ha We AVR ftBOH.our authorised ageni CINCINATTI advertisers can call at Vnj . and ret estimates. Our agent aro I'AIUIMH HU.W. FISHER : SAN FRANCISCO Will quota favorable rates 21 MerchanUhxchange. 11,000 DOLLARS Wn nrn comncl cd to nay (lomnmla mado upon tin Hint will full duo during February nnd tlioy nmount to $1,000 and tlio only way wo can do bo will bo to collect raonoy from persons wbo owo uaon Bubscription account. Wo bavo sent to nil Btntcmcnts of what thoy owo ns, and wo mubt inhiht upon a roHponso to our just claims. Thcro 1r fully $2. 500 duo us from parties nil over this BUtc both for advertising nnd sub- (icrintions. Wo do not Intend to Inllicl our renders, wbo havo paid nil demands, with dunning orliclcs hoo ehnll make (his notico short. TDo not delay but attend to thin matter atonco; it not promptly paid tho accounts will bo given to a collec tion ngonoy that havo full facilities for forcing collections. Ouit peoplo nro much intorostcil in tho proHjioctivo owiiorHlilp of our rail roads by tho Central raciilo nnd Union Pacific. Tho latest concerning tho nolo of tho 0. it C. road to tho Central Paci lio is a letter from Mr. 0. P. Hunting ton, in which ho cays. 'Negotiations havo not been closed, nor docs Mr. Huntington know wlfcn thoy will le. Thoy havo lasted two years itlroiuly, and may last Homotimo longer." Timit: nro many good reasons why tho Htato of Orogon should lull a con titutional convention to roviss nnd amend nomo weak points in our pronont fiindamentnl law. It has worked admir ably during tho youth of our Stnto, wlion ocouomy was imperative, but now that Oregon takes highor rank and ac quired moro population, somo chnugos would bo advisablo to corroiiond with preKont and futuro conditioiiH. Tho peoplo would havo tho ultimato voico in accoptiug or rejecting tho work of such a convontluu, and it seems im if they could In) dopouded on to do right in their docision, but thcro is a strong fil ing of security in tho present constitu tion, and it fear that somn ioliticnl jug glery might work ovil in framing now provlriloiM and inducing tho acceptance of tho now work by tin peopb. Tho points to bo umouded nro not many, and it would scorn that dilltircnt sections could bo framed by legislation, as nl roady provided, and submitted to tho popular vote. That would placo every proposed amendment on its own morit, and not imperil tho wholo work of a whole convention. With harmony of action and statemnanship exorcised, it ahould Ik) possiblo to effect all that is nocossary. , m SWAMP LANDS. (iov. Pouoyer sent in n mossago last week announcing that tho now board of State hands Commissioners hold that all applications for swamp lauds since tho not approved Oct, IS 1878, in excess of !120 acres, aro void, as being without law. Theso applications aro for filM.W.) acres,and tho sum of $ H'-J.Kllt.uQ wan paid to tho State by tho applicants. Ho urges that provision lo niiulo for repay ment of this tuonoy and also to provide for outstanding warrnnts against tho Kwamp Lands fund, for $!!, 1(55 moro, of tlitvw applications tho greater mini borand in tho name of 11. 0. Owen, who claims nearly half n million acres Binco 1878, besided tho amounta ho claimed beforo that, all this Swamp land busi uom baa been from tho first n terriblo swindle and if iosmblo to rovoko all theso speculative claims it should bo done. Wo rvnumilwr seeing Hen Owen altting In tho Secretary's olllco, about 1873, waiting impationtly for tho Swamp land law to pass, and tho mom out it bo comes a law he and somo othora were on hand with applications covering ovory aero thoy could hear of in tho wholo titnte. WrtV-rT ' ' J & , VALUE OF GRASSES TO OKEOOK. Wo nlludcd lately to tho so-called Hatch bill, pending in Congress, which proposes to appropriate $15,000 yearly to an Agricultural Collrgo for oach State, to sustain an agricultural experi ment station. Wo alluded to tho exhib it of grasses mado at tho last Stnto Fair by M. Wilkins Esq. and showed tho im porlanco of faithful oxporimont to test grasses for difforcnt parts of Oregon, which has so many and differing cir cumstances of climate. Wo aro pleased to find that our representative in Con gress hns mado n conclnslvo argument on theso points. In tho discussion of tho Hatch bill W. Hormann said : "Tnko for instance, our own Stato as to tho ono product of grass. It is con ceded that, as a wholo, no Stato is bo well adnped in all seasons to tho high est dovclopmcnt of this product Tho soil, tho mild and humid temperature all combino to make Oregon tho pecul iar homo of tho grass. Honco is so well fitted for for livo stock of all kinds. And yet with nil these, with our growth and observation for ovor one-third of n century, there is no ono thing in which our peoplo nro bo uncertain ns (o tho kind of grasses best suited for tho wholo or different parts of tho Stato. Our fnnnors can not continuo to sustain themselves by producing whoat, oata and barloy alono under tho present sya torn. As a general rule, tho wheat grower is tho borrower, tho cattlo growor tho lender. Wo can not produco tho maximum per aero of a few yoara ago. Tho fact is that tboro is less fertility in our grain fields thnn formorly. Wo aro taking all away and giving nothing back. Thcro must bo n change. Wo must havo moro cattle, moro bcof nnd dniry, moro (locks of sliccp around tho barn yard and in tho meadow J moro improv ed swine, bettor horses ; nnd these in turn bring profits in various forms. To do this wo must havo liny nnd grass nnd tho sununor pasture Tills leads up to experiment upon grasses. What kind shnll wo adopt? What kind will grow tho best nnd n fiord tho best nutrimont, in various portions of our widoly diver sified Stnto nnd in our widcly-difl'cr-out olimatoandsollT Whcro shall thoy be mado, how nnd whon? Tho experi mental station will do this. At tho last Oregon StntD Fair I am informed thcro wore on exhibition over fifty vanotics of thrifty and fully dovolopcd grasses, well suited to forago purposes, nnd each from dilfbront soils nnd in different por tions of tho Stato. Hero was proof that wo havo soili adapted for tho grasses n Roil for oach kind. If now tboso gniHsos nro classified, oach with its dis tinctivo nnmo nnd with n history or knowlodgo of tho soil upon which tho rctinetivo varieties grew, climnto and tcmpointura of tho locality, and how and when to sow tho seed in view of theso surroundings, tho ndvantngo to tho fanner would soon mako itsolf man ifest in manifold ways. From nil parts of Oregon comes tho cry: "Sond us some varieties of grass scod suitable to our locality." Thousands of dollars nro annunlly spent for grass seed. Whoro ono succoeds nnd his grass grows adapts, itself to tho soil nod climate, nnd lux uriant meadows with dark greou pas tures rownrd his pntionco nnd hh enor gy, tboro aro twonty who try, with equal diligonco, and fall, nnd thoy know not why. No record is kept by thowuc- ccsflful exporimontor, as n guide to others, flis neighbors do not know why his gnws seed grow nnd prospered him, nnd theirs results in failure. Tho farmer has no time ; ho may not havo tho patience, nnd moro likely tuny not hnye tho nccocary oxporionco and dis crimination. Theso require, for a wholo Stato or nation somo common head, n paid body, whoso business is to do this and this alone, nnd to do this in a light of oxperienco, of science, of comparison, of practical, fulltlovoloped results." THE 0. R. A N. LEASE. It is not easy to sco nny valid reason why this legislation ahould not puss tho pending net to authorizo tho leaso of tho 0. It. & N. Co.'a lines of railway to tho Union Pacific, so as to croato thereby ono continuous overland road that shall havo a special interest in tho develop ment of Orogon. Wo havo always felt tho greatest friendllnoss towards tho Northern Pacifio as tho original route projected for tho development of tho Pacifio Northwest. Wo havo designed that in caso any leaso should bo mado it should bo jointly to both tho Northom and Union companies so that oach can havo tho eamo iutorest in Portland trado and in Oregon development. But tho Northom scemt to bo disinclined to ac cept any position that would imply a responsibility for Oregon interests, ns it declines to becomo a party to such lease and prefers to remain independent of Oregon trado and Orogon progress. Not qnly so, but it places itself in an ntlitudo of practical nnd positivo hostility to Oro gon intorosts, nnd pledges its wholo im menso influenco to build up on tho Sound a rival to Portland nnd a me tropolis that can only grow to any great prosperity nt tho expenso of our best in terests. Tho nbovo cxprcssos tho situation nlair.lv nnd bluntly enough, but with perfect fairness, for tho Northom Pacific can no longer bo looked on as friondly to Oregon interests and depending on Oregon trade. This being tho case, Oregon needs friends it can roly on. Tho Union Pacific poscssos immense re sources and tho courso of tho Central nnd Southern Pacific roads towards it renders it indopondont of California bus iness and compols it to look for somo other outlet to tho Pacific. This it has found in the proposed lenso of tho Rail way and Navigation Company's lines, and all wo can sco to bo necessary is to protoct tho interests of Oregon when granting it permission to mnko such n lease. This baa Bcemincly been dono by tho pending bill, nnd if thoroughly done, to scouro all rights tho Stato has to protect, tho lcaso should bo mado. Tho Orogon Pncifio management in said to strongly opposo this lease, but such spposition can only havo selfish motives for itB foundation. Wo favor tho best encouragoment Oregon con giro to tho Oregon Pacifio, nnd when that is dono wo boo no reason to ncccdo to boI fish views it may entertain nt tho ox penso of othor corporations nnd of our Stnto nt largo. This loaso makes no chango in tho situntion furthor thnn by consolidating existing lines to givo them greater strength and capacity for doing good work for our Stnto. Tho Bimplcst theory of self preservation dictates that such consideration shall bo perfected. Ore gon has to call to hor assistanco strong forces to insuro progress nnd dovolop ment. Without attempting to sum up tho various argumonts in favor of bring ing tho Union Pacifio to Portland, wo sco enough to mako it plnin that this leaso can havo no injurious tendency if woll guarded by Oregon legislaturo. It can do no harm to othor corporations, that thoy can complain of, whilo it is a practical necessity nnd ndvantngo to Oregon that wo cannot o fiord to noglect or forego. ASSESSMENT AND TAXATION. Tho work of tho committeo appointed to study tho question and draft a bill for tho consideration of futuro legisla tion, has been troatcd by tho prcsont houso with summary indifTbronco if not with contempt as it is indefinitely post poned. Tho importnnco of somo legis lation that ahnll correct tho evils of our present system is evident enough, as it is also ovidont that no legislation with but forty days to work and not that many ns sessions count for seven days in tho week can fniily consider if mat ter of such widj reaching importnnco. Finance is n matter of tin groatost im portance nnd the most diflhult study for statesmanship to mnstcr. Thcro isscarco a fltnto in tho union that docs not feel tho noed of nmondmont of ita revenue lawB and finds it a difficult matter to secure tho porfection it deems nocossary. Unfortunately Orogon osscseora hnvo got into a prnctico that nullifies the in tent of tho law nu.l property valuations nro plncod at scarce moro than one third of tho actual valuos. Somo ono very aptly says : "If wo cannot havo amended laws lot us havo tho laws wo havo correctly adminUtorcd." Tho prcs ont law requires assessments to bo for tho full cash valuo of proporty. This is not done, for scarce a land owner will sell his laud for doublo tho assessed val uo and moro ofton valued at thrico that. If assessors would assess land and prop orty nt its full valuation it would work no hardship to individuals for all would bo troatcd in tho same way. As It is money nnd credits very justly complain and tho fedoral courta havo sustained tho complaint that thoy nro unduly tnked. If monoy ia loaned on property at ono-third of ita reasonnblo valuation it usually pays tho full tnx, becausa tho assessor has not complied with tho law. Another complaint is mado that ofl". sotting indebtedness is very ofton a fraud. This fact is proved by tho re turns, as tho amount offiet is generally five millions moro than tin monoy and cu-diU roturned. Hero again tho assessors aro at fault, becauso tho law is insufficient, probably, as they allow a man to swear off his in debtedness in a lump whereas ho should designate all his dobta and tho aoveral sums so otisetteu tmouiu vo oMesneu against his creditors- This would in-, volvo somo work but would Bccuro honest returns, and tho man who fnils to give in his credits could bo thus pros ecuted for his dishonesty. A littlo legislation aimed nt tho chief evils, would secure good results and bo oficctivo, whereas, tho present law and tho system of assessment prevailing aro cnuso of corupt practices and of public demoralization. It would not bo diffi cult to overcome all tho evils of our pretent system if a legislaturo could act upon it composed of men who havo carefully studiod tho subject nnd who havo an understanding of revenue and finnnco, but wo shall probably eco tho present ill advised system last to afilict tho Stato for generations to come. TO PROTECT AND RBQULATE LABOR. Perhaps tho groatost striko over mado is that now in progress in Now York, by which nil tho long-shoremen nnd coal hnudlora havo quit work nnd dotnnnd highor pay, Tboso nro tho pooplo who rcccivo tho highest wages paid, ns thoy work by tho hour usually. A Now York paper snys this striko had then bcon for n month nnd tho mon had not gained a point for thcmsolvcs but had brought misery and distress on thousands of poor peoplo, in mid winter, by causing tho prico of fuol to doublo in price. This has caused distress to tho sick and Buff ering all over tho city. Tho loss re sulting from this paralyzing of business ia cstimntcd at $1,000,000 n month. Tho strikers themselves nro much worso off and as many other workmen havo also struck to support tho original strikers, tho distress nnd misery is wido spread. It is not probnblo that tho employers would hold out against n reasonnblo de mand. Tho fact is, from n business stand point, that to ngrco to pay, un reasonable wngos, or grontcr wages thnn competing businoss ixrintB pay for tho snmo labor, will put tho business men of New York, or nny city similarly circum stanced, nt n pormnncnt disadvantage and givo to othor ointa an ndvantngo in trado that Now York cannot afford. Tho labor problem is tho coming forco in our Nutionnl politics' nnd cannot bo ignored. Some provision must bo mado for tho adjustment of differences bo tween laborers and employers, to ndjust ornrbitrato all questions on ) fair and ronsonnblo basis. This must bo dono by law, in the intorcst 'of labor ns much ns of capital. Somo way to keep tho labor er from being imposed on nnd to pre sorvo tho rights of both tho laborer and employer must bo arranged to tho satis faction of all. It is natural enough that labor should mako excossivo domnnds whon it fcols it has tho power to oxnet, but that only compromises tho situn tion without effecting nny fnir settle ment or satisfying either party. Thoro is a fair and rcabonnblo com pensation duo tho laborer, based of courco on his ability to do sorvico, and when that is paid no moro can bo dono. Tho troublo will always bo to mako la bor 800 whon this reasonnblo reward is given. Wo hear moro nnd moro of co-oporn-tivo associations forming, nnd wo nro glad to say succeeding. This plan of organizing co-oporntivo associations should bo encouraged, so far as possiblo, as tho most satisfactory solution of tho question, but thoro will always bo a largo proportion of working mon nnd women who nro dependent on days labor, and tho law should do all that is possiblo to protect thoso from loss, or from imposition. How to do this is tho important question of our day. TflE STATE APPORTIONMENT Tho great chanco that has taken placo in tho different sections of our Stnto will bo distinctly mnrked whon the present legislature passes its reap portionment act to designato tho ropro- sentntion each county shall havo in coming legislatures. Any fair or bgiti- mato apportionment must greatly do- oreaso tho representation of all of West ern Oregon expect Multnomnh county nnd Clatsop, which rospond to tho in creased population ami business of our State. Tho pending bill nccopts a ratio of ono Senator for 0502 population and a rcpresontntivo lor u.'Ju. I his gives Marion 2, n loss of 1, Multnomah 5, a gain of 2, and n corresponding loss and gain will givo Eastern Oregon 7 Sena tors and tho Willametto Vnlloy, not counting Multnomah, 13. Very soon tho counties cast of tho Cascades will posess a population in excess of all Western Oregon, for a wido territory there remains to bo occupied that will doublo tho number of counties in that section. BocUterttd Berkihlr Hog for Sals. Wo havo for salo a Berkshire boar. Ho is by Registered stock, and a choice animal. Will sell for cash or approved security. Address at onco : W, J. Clarke, Salom, Or. RAILROAD FREIGHT RATES. Mr. C. P. Church says in tho Oregon ian that tho Willamette Farmer "hasn't dared to open ita bond on the subject (of railroad freights) for months past." Cortainly Mr. Church hns not rend this papor if ho imagines wo "dnrsent" or hnvo not taken indopond ont position on this question. It is truo that wo havo taken no specific ground as to what freight rates shall be, becauso wo aro not well enough informed to do so, but nur position is that this Legisla turo shall acquire information bearing on tho subject, arid frnmo legislation accordingly. If wo could claim tho cheapest rates in tho United States for tho benefit of Oregon producers, it would suit us well to do so, but wo know that our Stato and region cannot control traf fic sufficient to claim very low rates, nnd all wo demand is that tho Legislaturo shall study tho matter carefully and nc- cord us tho best rates consistent with fairness toward transportation compan ies. Wo hnvo been surprised nt tho grout differanco botween freights in this Stato and California, nnd unhesitatingly beliovo that freights are too high in somo rcspcctB on somo roads, if not on nil. Wo daro to do what is right, and wish to claim that and cannot claim moro. A Chases for Health Ia afforded thoio (ait sinking into a condition of hopelois debility. Tho means aro at hand. In tho form of a nonlal medicinal cordial, Iloatettcr'a Stomach Dltcra embodica tho com bined qualities of n blood fertilizer and do purent, a tonio and an alterative. Whilo it promotes dlftcitlon and aaaimilation, and stimulates appetite line tho furthor effect of purifying tho lifo curront and strengthening tho nervous aystrm. Aa tho blood grows riohor and purer by its uac, thoy who rcaort to this atoning modicinal agont, acquiro not only vigor, hut bodily aubatanco. A health ful chango in tho accrotiona ia affected by it, and that aero and rapid physical decay, which a chronio obatruction o( tho fuuetiona of tho ayatcm produce, ia arrested. Tho primo causes of diseases being removed, health is speedily renovated and vigor restored. FATAL Po you know that yln In tho left shoulder or rm it o 'en 01 ncan uiscaioi it n aim ma .at - uH .ua ..-I . !.! I trttv.! j & nnl uucaw iiaj ttavg i-iwiwvn ... ram termination without cxcltlnir auaplclnn. T-ko 11U PlilXT'H Hi:,VUT ItK.IIUDY tt onco. Shortness of Breath. $ S5,tss: mlnlutloii of tho heart, shortocai of breath, lwl. tuJe, pain in tho left ahoulJcr or ami, denola tin Srcjcnco ol heart ilLcae, and call (or tho Immc. lato uio of Dr. Fuxt' Heart Hbuidt. rirnnev ! FunT,siiBaTHMirrajMlr w UlUMOVi moves tho tffutlon In coioot Drupfy, which la duo In mot raws to somo discus ol tha heart or general circulation, M druggists, tl '0. Dcacrljitlro trcaUto with each bottle, or mailed Ireo. HAMBURG FIGS. rrobaUjr as much rnlwry comM from habitual contUraUoa as from any deramra- ment of tho function! of tho body, and It Is dllTlcult ta cure for tha reason 'that no 'one Ukci to tnlta tha modkina thii la tuual- lr prescribed, llunbunr ilfrt era prepared to cbilata this difficulty, and they will bo found ef fcctlro aa vcU as pleasant to tha tasto of women tad children. S3 cents. At prug;ltts ; or address J. J. MACK & CO., 0 nnd 1 1 Front 8tM Onn Frnnclaco. Cnl. EVERY FARMER THE BEST is the HIS OWN MILLER 32 years Experience. HiVK 11 AD fl. Ilalladar Hlaadard Orartd WU4 Mill. I.X.L "Wra Hk.ller .nt l.X.L. Im rnd Mil! 4 it ml Uf tajfrlijtac tlb.a, Uui itUi toll 4 Uialif U ta4 rrB tht Drill UilL TtU . 4.M ili,. lJj S.ii. tit4r .rk ! MptaJtl Ut rum, Tt Will 111 ,ti cra tulk,, at ll ita bua aa4 itlal iwa. rant tur.tu. Uaplaa; P4 Uflli w. D.rtrtu. i. iitiuaay nuadara urarta aaa lu. r Hltl 1IIU4.1..1.I. IX rm Bkrtlen, I.A.I, ma H.a TablM. HUaiald U.rlaa Taola. aaaaljUaa af Aatl FtUUaa. J.A.I, BIA4K Waller. UHH riHtU"i lUf trilalt. Balfal aat Kl Uaa Carrltra. Uafpaas aal Oraaala Haraa II. r r.ill. rail.;, aat nr llaaa,,. alaa a rail llaa al Taaka, Taak Flltaraa ul raaiaa far Vara. Oraaja,aJ, TlUafa 14 Rallvaf paraaata. Baa for aalalagaa aa4 artaaa. . llcUakla Aa-wU vaau4 la aU aa.ulal urrt Uf . " I'. S. WU1) K.1GUIK A.l'UaP CO., BaUtla, 111. Tao A ,0H MUSIC micuiait WILL USE THE NEST INSTRUCTION HOOKS. There Is no mUtaVe about the treat Ulrhartlaon'a NcwMrtuod for fbe IManoforte Rate nearly 400,000 copia! The faorlla of thoui anda cf teacher"! Many times mlaed! The most cor rect of Infraction books) I'rtce 13. Since the adrent of "ltlchardaon' many excellent inttructors hue bean putlUh'd, and hats attained great favor. Preeminent amonf tbcoj are .w Eniland Coniervatorr Method, (Price J, or lo parts, each HM) and rttrrM Eclectic riano School, Price 18. The flnt book has had tha Important indorsement of tho great Conaenatory, and tho second bataold lm mentcly, solely on Its own merit. For Heed Organ, Clarke's New Method tf.&O for Maaaollai, Winner's Complete Method.. .75 Far Zlllirr, Winners Complete Method 75 Fop lalln, UiUraann's Method, 3,00 Far Flute, Hummer's Flute School, . 8.00 For Banjo, Cutlas Acme Method LIS For Corurl. Flulr, rUrHairl. FUxolrt, Banjo, Acerafron, llolln, Cultar, steed Organ, and I'lanu. Sep. Wlnnor baa prepared Terr scod eaiy Method. coaUng M cu each. All are called IUEAL Methods. OT Mailed for reUU price. Oliver JDltson tC Co., Jioston. Or: C. It. DilaooA Co., 667 Broadway, N. Y. DK. D. S. STRYKEK, ECLECTIC rbyaleUa and Hnrgroa. OfriCE: Oyer A. T. Yaatoo's turnltare store tie CbmmercJal street. MadMoe furaUbed al oc&ce SALEM; OIICOON. vC abiH.TI W12 OTaaWantaisaaaaMttttUaTITriM aatstlaawaaaefaaayayanwnwaa- wiwitmmTGuiua
