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VOL. XVIII.
Jorreonilencf.
To Amend dam. Law.
State op Oreoon,
County of Marion,
Doccmbor 31, 1880,
To tho Honornblo Logislatlvo Assembly
of tho Stato of Oregon :
, Tho undcrsignod, citizens of tho Stato
of Oregon, respectfully ask your honor
ablo body to pass an act declaring all
tho wild birds and animals usually de
signated as "game," to-wit: Qcoso,
brents, ducks, snipe, woodcock, plover,
Bandpipors, rail, pheasants, groiiBO, quail
(or partridgo), pigeons, oik, deer, hares,
rabbits, and all "fur bearing" animals,
and fish, to bo tho proporty of tho per-
son on whoso premises such birds and
animnls and fish may bo found, so long
as tlioy romain on such porson's prom
ieos.
And wo father ask that an act bo
passod to protect, at all times and in nil
places, tho known useful birds, to-wit :
Robins, orioles, larks, bluoblrds, taina-
gcrs, grosbcakr, towhee, all tho thrushos,
finches, wrens, warblers, swallows, and
all insoctivarous birds generally.
And wo further ask that tho several
County Courts bo empowered to issuo
pormits, and to rovoko tho same, to
proper persons to tako such birds, their
nests and eggs, for scientific purposes
only. And your petitioners will over
pray, etc.
CauM of Hard Times.
RosKiiuno, Dec. 28, 1880.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
I wih to stato caueos of hard times
with mo and several others in this vicin
ity: First, buying lumber of saw-mill mon
to fenco our farms, that Jndgo Deady's
Court has decided wo havo to pay for
again, with a largo amount of coat, bo
cnuso somo of tho timber thoso mill-men
cut on a homostcad thoy had not per
fected a titlo on. And ono other" oauso :
Tho Stato Legislature is soon to meet,
and should they pass a law not taxing
notes and mortgages would bo another
hardship on mo, as I may havo to bor
row monoy to pay that lumber bill tho
second or third time, according as His
Honor, Judgo Deady, may decido.
A Lono-Time Subscriber.
Downing on Fruit Culture.
Pleasant Hiu., Dec. 20, 188G.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
Will you announco through tho col
umns of your paper whoro Downing'
works on "Fruit Culturo"can bo obtain
ed, and oblige, S. E. Bristow.
Note. In reply wo will say that wo
can supply this ,work at $ 5.00 per copy,
or wo will presont it freo to anyone,
i (post paid) who will send us a club of
ten now subscribers at $1.60 each, cash
with order. Now hero's a grand chance.
Editor.
For Conilderatlon ot Wool Qroweri.
Salem, Jan. 3, 1887.
Editor Willamette Farmer:
Tho Montana wool growers, remarking
upon tho report of Counsel Baker, of
Buenos Ayres, on tho wool exports and
prospects of the Argontino Republic,
say: "For tho reasons hero given, tho de
ficit in tho wool clip (of 18SG-7) of tho
Argentino Republic, it is predicted, will
be upwards of 75,000 bales, or 45,000,000
pounds."
American Sheep Breeder and Wool
Grower; "The fall clip of Texas will fall
5,000,000 lbs. short,"
Butler fc Hay, of The Dalles, Oregon,
hare marketed in Chicago this season
0,000 head of fine Oregon sheep, which
sold at $3.G0 to feeders in Ohio, Indiana,
Michigan and Illinois. The amount of
wool contained in tho wool fabrics im
ported into the United States in 1885
was about 100,000,000 pounds, wbilo the
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 14. 1887.
raw wool imported in tho snmo period
was 50,000,000 pounds of coarso carpet
wool, and 14,000,000 pounds of clothing
and combing wool. Thoro is reason to
beliovo that had tho tariff tinkoring of
1883 bcon let alono, tho wool growers ot
tho United States would havo very nnar
ly supplied their homo market by this
timo; instead of which tho estimated
incroaso in production sinco 1881 is
11,713,217.
Weather Report for December, 1888.
Eola, Jan. 1, 1887.
Editor Willamette Farrow
During December, 1880, thcro woro 25
days during which rain foil, and an
aggrogato of 0.08 inches of water; thcro
woro 4 fair and 2 cloudy duys, othor
than which rain foil.
Tho mean tempcraturo for tho month
was 47.01 dcg.
Highest daily mean tempcraturo foi
tho month, 5G dcg. on tho 31st.
Lowest dally mean temperature for tho
month, 40 dcg. on tho 22nd.
Menu tempcraturo for tho month at
2 o'clock p. m., 40.30 dcg.
Highest tempcraturo for tho month, 59
at 2 p. M. on tho 4th.
Lowest temperature for tho month, 87
deg. ot 7 A. m. on tho 7th.
Tho prevailing winds for tho month
were from tho south during 3 doys,
north. 2 days, southwest, 25 day?.
During December, 1885, there wero 17
rainy days and (.11 m. water: there
woro 2 cloar, 2 fair, and 10 cloudy days.
Mean temperature lor tno montn
43.80 deg.
Highest daily mean temporaturo for
tho month, 52 deg., on tho 23d.
Lowest daily mean temperature for
tho month 32 dcg. on 12th.
T. Fearce.
Mora Kind Words.
Mr. J. "V. Stewart, of Grant's Pass,
Oregon, in a letter to us, dated Dec. 27,
1880, says : ''Enclosed ploaso find pay
for tho Farmer. I do not liko to bo
without it, and will not if I can got
work."
Mr. Thos. Barbro, of Doxtcr, Or., an
old-timo friend of this paper, in a letter
in which ho sont tho pay for tho yoar to
como, gives us tho following cheerful
words: "I am loth to givo up tho
Farmer. I regard it as ono of tho best
friends that hosovorcntored my family.
Neat, clean, and froo from all trash, it is
a welcomo visitor at all times. It has
been a fine educator in my family. I
havo lottor-writors, whoso proficiency
must bo credited to Aunt Hotty'B
patienco and dovotion to thoir interests
in tho children's column. Well wishes
for you and yours."
Mr. J. A. Haines, of Eekloy, Curry
county, Oregon, in a lottor dated Janu
ary 4, 1887, says: "You will boo by
your books that I havo takon tho "Wil
lamette Farmer since tho first num
ber. For a while I resided nt Wilbur, in
Douglas county. It is ono of tho very
finest places in tho Stato, and ono of
tho very best locations for a school.
Tho principal of tho Academy is Mr.
Edwards, assisted by his sister both
teachers of oxperionce; and they havo
a fine school. There is not as many
students as was oxpoctcd, but uJiat tho
school lacks in numbers, Us students
mako up in deportment und progress in
their studies and morals."
Consumption is often only an indirect
result of deranged kidneys. "Over two
years ago I became a confirmed invalid.
My friends all thought I was far gone
in Consumption. I was sure the timo
had well nigh como when I must leave
my helpless little children motherless.
With this dreadful fact staring mo in
tho faco, I resolved to try Warner's safe
cure. My husband tried to dissuade me
thinking I was too far gone for anything
to help me. But I took it, and in two
weeks timo I was liko a new creature ;
and in four weeks I waa ablo to resume
my household duties" at this writing I
am perfectly welL Mrs, E. J, Wow,
wife of Rov. Prof. T. Wolf, D. D., editor
Lutheran Quarterly, Gettysburg, IV
If you writo her encloso a stamp, and
sho will tell you the story is true.
MIXED FABMIHO AOAIN.
It is full timo that tho Pacific North
west should produco what it needs, and
not send abroad for tho commonost nec
essaries of life. Tho old sottlor plows
and sows, and tho now sottlos doos tho
same. Tho wool clip of tho Columbia
region is nearly sixtoon million pounds,
but tho fault in regard to sheep is that
thrco-fourths or more of tho number wo
own run in largo bands. Not that this
is a fault, for shoop pay best of all stock,
and tho groat bands occupy grazing
lands that are too far from transporta
tion to bo farmed. Tho stock interest
is vory largo and very profitable, and
must continue, for thoro are great areas
unfit for other uso. Hut ovon in this
thcro should bo a chango; agriculture
and stock raising should go togothor,
and farmers should own shoop to graze
tho pasture lands that adjoin them, and
do away with groat herds, owned by for
eign capital, that steal tho public domain
for their groat profit. Tho timo must
como, and soon, when theso areas of pas
ture shall bo used by pormanont sottlors
who shall koop small flocks, and more
of thorn. As a consequonco thoy will bo
bolter tended, and produco better moat
and hotter wool.
.Farming East of tho Mountains has
too limited production. In tho slnglo
item of pork, wo consume immenso sup
plies that como from tho cast, which
convoys a wrong impression. It looks
as it wo could not produco pork, or elso
that as a community wo lack good sonso.
Thcro is no part of tho United States
whoro corn can bo grown any cheaper
than in Eastern Oregon and Washing
ton. Wo havo recently givon tho oxpor
ienco of Mr. James Blalock, ot Gilliam
county, who planted corn and instead
of a summer fallow, and grow two good
crops corn tho first year and whoat
tho second with ono plowing six in
ches dcop.
Hero thoro is 25 bushols of corn to bo
had for tho mere cost of planting and
gathering, for tho best oxporionco shows
that cultivation is unnecessary. Corn,
then, should bo made much of, or at
loast enough grown to fatton all tho
pork need this sido tho Rocky Moun
tains. Of courso pigs must ho raised and
kept growing, but alfalfa will mako good
swino pasture, and rapo seed can bo
planted for tho summor growth. Evon
if fod on corn continually, hogs can bo
grown and fattoncd to compote with
pork made in Illinois or Iowa. It is
not easy to figure that hogs will cost
more hero than in Illinois or othor
States, and wo havo n homo market for
all that will ba raised.
Every farmer should keop shoop to
pasture his whoat. Exporicnco shows
that it is a good thing for' tho wheat to
bo pastured by sheep, and tho good dono
to tho growing crops will pay nil the
costs. Then tho farmer has his wool
money, and tho proceeds of his mutton
lambu coming in at tho timo whon ho
needs monoy most; that is, when ho is
destitute of othor means, in tho Into
spring. Harvest is closo at hand, and
ho needs an incomo to carry on his sum
mor fallows. Of courso ho gets credit
at tho store, but tho worst oncmy any
hord-working man can encounter is
that samo store account. It grows
often, until it climbs to tho roof in tho
shape of a mortgago, and vory often eats
tho wholo farm up.
Let us supposo that u farmer grows
wheat on his half-section. Ho Bummor
fallows, and grows a wheat crop of 100
acres every year. Our plan is to plant
corn on the summer fallow, E.ich year
he might expect 2,5000 bushols of
wheat and 2,500 bushels of corn. There
is a market for tho corn, but a hotter
and surer market for pork products.
The corn crop will fatten and keep this
swino until they becomo hams, bacon,
and lard. Ho can sell lib swino on foot,
or aa dressed meat, and had better do so
than mako a poor job of cutting and
curing his moat. What wo would liko
to impress on tho minds of our subscri
bers East of tho Coscados is that thoy
havo unsurpassed facilities for growing
corn, and corn will mako pork,
and either will sell to swoll their
income.
To fatten pigs, it is advisablo to givo
thorn a variety of food. Corn is ofton
fed from first to last, and where that is
dono, hog cholora prevails tho worst.
Tho constant feeding of such rich and
solid food is said to causo this discaso
among swino.
Whon Armour, tho famous moat
packer of Chicago, was recently in Port
land, ho examined a lot of pigs hanging
in n packing Iioubo there, and pro
nounced thorn first class meat, and said
that this would be n good plnoo for a
largo moat packing houeo. Ho said wo
ought to produco our own pork products,
whorcas his houso sent a million and a
half worth of such to this coast. Sup
posing that othors send as much more,
wo havo tho Pacific Coast importing
throe millions worth of meat and lard
a year, which could all bo mado in Ore
gon. Portland packers actually pay less
for their meat than is paid in Chicago,
and then wo import our meats.
This stato of things is simply intoler
able Mr. S. G, Rood tells us ho saw
oxcollont corn, of Mammoth Cuba vorl
oty, grown three miles oast of Portland,
and porfectly cured. Tho man who
grow it said it yielded from 50 to 60
buhcls to tho aero thoro, and no doubt
it can do woll all over Western Oregon.
TAB STATE CAN FOSTER HOME INDUSTRY.
It is a plain truth that no country
ovor acquired greatness upon tho more
production of crops from tho soil.
Whilo agriculture is tho mother of all
industries, and tho foundation of all
prosperity, tho more pursuit of agri
culture loaves a pcoplo only at tho
threshold of national success. Agri
culture alono will not sustain groat
cities and build up a world wido com
morco. Tho producor stands as tho
basis of prosperity, but wo nocd various
industries to work up his product into
tho difloront "goods, wares and mcr
chandiso" society requires.
Tho coining Legislature will havo
dono woll for tho Stato if at its closo it
can show that pormanout industries
havo boon fostered by legislation of a
healthy kind. Tho Stato can aflbrd to
oxpond somo of tho pcoplo's monoy for
improvements and buildings nocossary
for tho public good, and it can uso con
vict labor to develop enterprises that
aro important, but which privato capital
daro not venture upon. To mako) Ore
gon a groat Stato it must havo skilled
labor at work to manufacture nearly
everything wo uso. Forty days is a
short timo to consider tho needs of a
groat Stato, and that only onco in two
years. So wo need not expoct our legis
lators to nocoHipliah all that could ho
desired, but something that will on
courago homo manufactures is most to
bo hoped for. Wo rccontly expressed
tho opinion that as certain kinds of
labor cannot or do not succeed hero, tho
Stato could well afford to uso convict
lubor to demonstrate if such labor can
bo mado remunerative. Yoars ago wo
had tanneries doing good work, but
Oalifornin leather mendoliberatcly gavo
us a high prico or hidos to 'hid thorn
uway from our tanners and then pushed
thoir leather into our market at a loss.
Thoy aro said to havo sunk $30,000 to
break down Oregon tanneries, and no
ono now dares to try tho business fear
ing tho samo result. Tho Stato, how
vor, can mako tho attempt without fear,
So wo suggest that convict labor bo
used to tan leather and mako boots and
shoes, all of which is not now practica
ble here, and whonovor it is demonstrated
that privato capital can carry on the
business thus established, let the State
IHWJTIT'
NO. 49,
soil its plant nnd tako somo other in
dustry that needs development. Tho
Bamo gamo was played to prevent tho
manufacture of twino bore, rind soveral
of our citizons who grow nnd rotted flax
for tho Albany twino factory lost heavily
becauso competition of a ruinous nature
broko up tho trado. This shows tho
nocd of strong financial backing to all
such enterprise Wo boliovo that tho
Stato can woll afford to attempt these
things with convict labor, and at tho
samq timo bo instructing such labor
in useful work. It can follow after tho
prison term expires and onablo ox-con-viols
to load honest livos.
Much opposition is mado to tho uso
of convict labor in any way, but wo can
not beliovo that tho small forco in tho
Stnto prison can seriously nfioot tho
labor market. It cannot do harm, but
good, if such labor is educated to work
as wo recommond, to dovolop industries
that aro dormant. Statistics show that
whoro convicts learn trades thoy soldom
return to prison but earn wages and
load honest lives. Then it is very im
portant to educato theso unfortunates,
or criminals, to labor that thoy can fol
low and earn an honest living.
Tako this matter in all its bearings
and all must concedo tho importanco of
protecting society against criminals by
educating them to honest labor, and bf
fostoring important industries by Any
and all means within tho power of tho
Stato. Tho risk is small nnd tho oxcol
lont financial condition ot tho Stato at
this timo justifies eomo ofibrt on part of
tho Stato for tho public good.
Corauuc Mutton.
It would bo a good plan if all tho
shoop growers in tho country would set
tho examplo of eating mutton to tho rest
of tho farmors and tho world. For somo
reason, wo cannot divino what it is, mut
ton is not noarly so popular as it ought
to bo. Its digostibllity and nutritious
qualities certainly ontltlo it to more con
sideration than it meets, As a way of
making mutton a more dosirablo meat
for uso on tho farm in respect to keop
lug it, etc., an oxohango suggests that it
Iw corned. Wo havo nnvor eaten any
corned mutton, but if it is as good an it
is fresh, or ovon approximately bo, it
would surely bo a great relief from tho
monotony of salted pork or bacon, Tho
pnpor referred to Hays :
Farmers should tako advantage of
tho ehoapuess of sheep, compared with
beef cattlo, and buy n small flock ot
sheep in good condition to grow into
mutton for tho uso of thoir families
through tho win tor. Mutton will koop
as long fresh as any other kind of moat,
and porhups longor, A few shoop can
bo kept along to kill as thoy may bo
wanted, and thoy will bo growing bettor
nil tho timo. An oxcollont plan is to
kill und corn, or Bait tho oarcasscs down
in u weak brino. A vory fat sheep is
best this way, aud corned mutton will
bo found to digest well, and hotter thun
whon fresh. Tho meat tuny bo packed
in a clean barrel, or in stono crocks, and
tho brino poured ovor it. Fivo pounds
of salt to ono hundred of meat will bo
about right in cool weather. Tho blood
should In) (lrainod out of tho nocks, and
any blmxly portion by soaking it in
water lx fore tho meat is packed. Soak
ing six hours is hiilllclont. Tho hams
may bo Miiokcd and cut up liko dried
beef, or thoy can bo boiled. Both ways
they aro oxcollont. Tho corned mutton
will mako a good chango from sausage
or spnro-iibs. A good deal of tho pecul
iar mutton tosto is taken out of it when
mutton is cornod.
If you havo a compact soil, disin
tegration is of far more consoquenco
than turning over tho furrow. Hence
in ail such soils tho furrow should bo
sombwhat narrowor than tho plow
naturally takes, unless the nlow bo made
especially for clay soil.
Oregon Kidney Tea cures backache. .
taiatfib.