WILLAMETTE FAEMEB: SALEM, OREGON, DECEMBER 10 1886
I;
ixaed erery Week by the
V TKIUIS Of BUHSCIlIPTlOft.
On yer, (rotUge pld). In lvnce I tM
ttx monthi, (Pote pld), In advance 1 ''
bM than li month! will be, per month it,
ADVEItSISINO nATES t
AOerttiement will be Inserted, providing tn are
expectable, t the followlnir Ublo of rat t
One Inch of ipace-wr month.. ......... 2.60
anree incneeoi ipacepcr monui w
I ne-half column per month. .... laM
on column per monvn. sv.w
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This Paper for $1.60 a Year
A VARIETY TO CHOOSE FROM.
Our Pacific Noithwcst contains the
greatest variety of cliinato known to
any region of tlio samo extent Tho
person who conies licro to scttlo cer
tainly has a great variety to choose
from, and can locate in almost any tem
perature and conditions lie prefors, un
less ho would like- arctic winter or tropi
cal summer. Thoeo varieties of climate
wo havo not, and our greatest qualifica
tion seems to bo their absence. Tho vig
orous manhood of the woild comes from
tho temporato zone. It is significant of
tho vnhio of such mnnhood that, in case
of war, the pcoplo of'tho north havo
overrun tho world.
California has many attractions and
To nllow all to take advantago of our
Club KatCB we havo concluded to mako advantages, but our Northern Pacific
tno following liberal oner: i
All who aro in arroarago and will send
us amount due at $2.00 per year up to
January 1, 1887, and then add $1.00
additional for tho year 1887.
If subscription is paid to January 1,
or nftcr, you can avail yourself of this
oiler by Bending us $1.50 and wo will
givo a full years credit. If a now sub
'scribcr remit only $1.1)0.
ffF This oiler expires January 1st,
and aflor that dato tho regular prico
will bo .$2.00 per year as horoloforo.
Remit by Postal Nolo or by Well,
Fargo it Co.'h Express Money Order.
Wo mean just wlmt wo say and will
do it. Don't wait hut act at onco.
This
Wheat hears an enhanced prico.
is wclcomo news to nil our rondcre.
Tiik steamboats nro now enabled to
nnvigato tho Willamotto without dangor,
as tho Into rains have swollen tho rivor
considerably.
WiM, all our readers who aro in ar-
lonrago lor Mibscriplion to this paper
plonso respond boforo January 1st? See
our extraordinary odor made elsewhere.
It hringH tho Farmer within tho reach
of nil.
In iiih addiiehs to tho Portland Hoard
of trade, Senator Dolph showed his ap
preciation of tho great valtio of rivor
improvements ; that making navigation
possiblo to tho upper' waters will bring a
groat trade to Portland. His viows aro
correct on internal improvements, and
tho upper country will develop grandly
ns soon as chenpor transportation mnkcH
its products moro valuable. Tho great
question of our day is cheap transpor
tation. This wo must have, ami that
r-OOll.
A Patron of Hi'MiANimv, of Marion
county, was lately at tho Linn County
Council of tho Order, and was aston
ished to sco threo hundred good grangers
asscmblo there. It is fortunately true
that Linn county grangers tnko great
interest in their cause, and woik for it
with grout energy. Tho Grange has ac
complished much there, but not moro
than othor countios can attain by simi
lar harmonious effort. There should bo
a dozen livo granges in every county in
Oregon and Washington, and by roa-r-onablo
co-operation, they could secure
benefit" that, added to the social fea
tures ami discussion of farming meth
ods, will Ihi of great value.
An i:viii:nck of tho mild autumn
woathor was furnlshod tho othor day at
Portland, whero wo saw a limb of rasp
berries, many of which were ripe. That
is good for Deeomber. Tho weathor, of
late, has boon a mixture of rain and
Miushino, with somo warm and beauti
fully clear days that scorned like spring.
Of Into wo have had heavy rains that
will ralso the rivers to good boating
i-tngo. If wo havo had beautiful weather
in Western Oregon, oast of tho moun
tains the sunny skies have lccu delight
ful. The present rains will extend ovor
the whole Pacific Northwest, and bo a
great blessing to tho interior, whero tho
ground has not yet this boason had a
good soaking. Wo notieo that fall-sown
wheat looks well nntl grows enough to
gio it a good root.
Salem has a beautiful bridge that is
freo to all, and makes Polk county a
nearer neighbor than ever. There is
now no tax on Iteing noighlwrly, and
the old steam ferry has pulled down its
wire- ropo and hnulcd oil' a thing of
the past. There is a bridge in process
of construction at Portland, but it will
not be freo to nil travel. To be sure, it
will cost moro than the Salem bridge,
but with all tho wealth Portland posses
mh they can much better ntVord a free
bridgo than Salem can, and have ns
much to gain by it. Somo who havo tho
misfortune to own property and to pay
taxe, protest that, with this bridge to
pay for, electric lights ami wntor to buy,
Salem will be bankrupt, but others
think tho bridgo will incrcaso tnulo and
so will, indirectly, pay ita owq coat.
I region, tributary to tho Great River of
tho West, embracing a groat scopo of
territory fivo hundrod miles from tho
ocean oast to tho Pocky range, and ns
much moro from British Columbia on
tho north, to California on tho south,
bovch dogreos of latitude, hns variety
and w tilth of resources nowhero ex
celled. Tho shoro lino of Oregon and Wash
ington has Pugct Sound, tho Mediterra
nean of tho Pacific, and with Gray's
Hnrbor and Shoal Water Day and it
sharo in tho Columbia, our northern
neighbor has a wealth of commercial
advantages that invito tho world's capital
tolhcirdovciopnicnt. Tho immonso for
ests, tho mines of coal and iron, besides
fertile valleys and uplands that will io
main when the forosts aro romovod
theso constitute resources that aro as
iuexhiiiBiablo as thoy aro valuable.
ostcrn Oregon hns tho garden spots
of tho Pacific in its valloys, that roach
from the Columbia south to tho Siskiyou
rnngo that divides from California. Tho
immense barrier that rises on tho cast of
theso valleys holds back tho ocean torn
pern turo, and its winds and rains, and
while theso do influcneo our inland em
pire to some extent, so that it is moder
ated and alloviatcd by thoso twico Pa
cific inllucnccs, that great mountain
wall holds in cheek both the Asian cur
rents and Artie frosts, and makes it a
delightful region.
Hero tho immigrant who seeks a now
homo hns opportunity to choose from
tho sunny homes of Southern Orogon,
tho ocean-tcmiKircd hills and valos of
the beautiful Willamotto, or tho vino
tangled bottoms and timbered uplands
of Western Washington. From 1!) deg.
north to -10 deg. south wo havo moun
tain sides to reclaim, foothills to plant
with homos, and broatl valloys ribbed
with hills and forests and threaded by
evorgrcen rivers anil menndoring
streams. This was Kdcn itsolf when
man first looked upon it, nnd now that
our civilization has replaced tho wilder-
uoss, it is lovelier still.
Ascending the Columbia or eroding
tho rocky and mountain barrier that
holds back Arcturus at one season nnd
turns away tho fervor of tho Summor
Solstice to let tho ocean fan (is with
moist gnles, wo find tho woll-nnmcd
Inland Empire Hint differs so greatly,
but is so abounding in means of wealth.
It lies broad and largo to tho day, nnd
wherever its teeming grasses nro plowed
under nnd agriculture holds Bvay, thoro
is such production as dwarfs tho highest
pretensions of othor lauds.
From Mr. Buick, latoly returned from
his long journey townrds tho Fast and
Middle-West as Superintendent and
Manager of tho Exhibit Car, wo learn
that ho expoets a great Immigration
another year ns a consequence of this
exhibit. Nowhoro could they compare
products or resources to competo with
tho country that equipped this car. It
was au Oregon exhibit, and did not
havo tho advantage of presenting tho
products of other parts of our Pacitio
north-west, yet it astonished all who
saw it. Faets aro stubborn things, and
that exhibit car was an exposition a
solid fact that could only partially con
vey to tho world nnd inadequately dis
piny tho wealth of remurces of tho
region wo havo tried to convey in words,
nnd even Idaho. Wheat nnd heavy
products will follow water-courses,
always, in preference to making ex
pensive land journeys.
To mako the Columbia nnd Snake
rivers navigable is to open up a region
of fertility and extent equal to that
alroady dovoloped by transportation, for
whon tho rivers aro freo and open,
branch railroads will extend from it to
ovcry fcrtilo district within easy rench,
nnd thus tho output of brand-stuffs from
tho Columbia will bo vastly increased.
Tho O. R. it N. Co. has nccopted aa
its mission to develop all tho Uppor
Country and bring its products to mar
ket. Somo wiscacro says that wo may
expect this company will mako intenso
opposition to tho improvement of tho
river and removal of obstructions. A
broader viow of this mattor shows that
this corporation is directly interested in
urging on such work. It has stoam
boatB nnd barges, and can build moro if
needed, and its policy alroady is to con
struct branch roads when necessary. So
wo may expect tosooit grasp the idea nnd
accept tho situation, and givo no chanco
for competition. With now branch roadB
to reach all farming districts, and a
sufficient lino of river stcamors and
barges to do tho work, competition will
not bo attempted, unless thoy aro extor
tionate in terms, and our Legislatures
will prevent that if thoy do thoir duty.
Whilo tho freighting of bulky products
down stream will bo n great trado of
itself, tho profits incidental thereto will
bo greater still. Opening tho rivers will
nlso open and devolop now territory and
pcoplo it by tens of thousands. This
will incrcaso passenger traffic and car
rying of supplies from Portland to tho
towns nud ccttlcmcnts thus created, and
turn such traffic, or tho greater part,
toward Portland, tho torminus of tho
O. It. it N. Co.'s system.
Oponing thoso rivers will bo a great
benefit to tho Pacific Northwest, will in
crcaso population by increasing availa
ble territory, and while Micro will bo
citios on the Sound and n largo con
courso there, tho making of tho upper
waters navigable will bring on tho'r
How nearly all tho surplus products o
that region. For purposes of taxation,
if nothing more, thooxistoucoof a great
metropolis is n bouciit, as by adding
largely to our proporty list it dimin
ishes tho common burdens. Tho Co
lumbia cutranco can bo made a safo and
convenient harbor; tho channel from
tho ocean to Portlnnd can bo kopt open
for deep-sea craft; all tho charges of
port nnd hnrbor can bo kept down to
fair and rcneonablo rates; then Portland
will Iks nearer tho world's commorco
than Tacomn by hundreds of miles, and
rivors and railroads will mako her tho
Queen City and metropolis of a magnifi
cent region, to tho bouciit of all her cit
izens.
oxisting industry. Also manufacture
wagons nnd agricultural machinery;
start iron works; do something that
ordinory capital and labor is afraid to
undertake, and push it to success. That
will bo doing a great good nnd aid tho
dovolopmont of homo resources amaz
ingly. Our policy would bo to prove in
this way thnt "somo things can be dono
as well as others," and when any one, or
company, feels confidence enough to buy
tho plant and start tho enterprise on
their own account, let tho Stato sell out
thnt particular plant and toko up some
thing else. Thoro nro many articles wo
ought to mako at homo, but capital fears
to attempt it. Tho Stato is in good
financial condition, nnd can afford to
risk somo of tho pcoplo's monoy for tho
pooplo'a good. But with labor to use,
free, it will risk httlo or nothing.
This Bchcmo is not chimerical or want
ing in solid sense. It Is eminently prac
tical, and will lead to tho establishing of
homo manufactures on a largo scalo, if
proporly oarriod out. Tho Stato Ian
guislics for want of prospority in homo
enterprises. If tho Stato will ueo tho
convict labor it sells for n song to start
such enterprises, and provo that thoy
can bo successfully carried out, it will
not only keep that great intorost, but
cducato its convicts to a knowlodgo of
skilled labor.
A MATTER OF CHURCH AND STATE.
OPENINQ OUR WATER-WAYS
Tho Farmer was the first journal west
of tho Cascades and for a timo tho
only one to ndvoeato tho removal or
overcoming of obstructions in tho Upper
Columbia. Of late, Portland appreci
ntes tho fact that hor future is more
dependent on making tho upper waters
navigable, than on defeating tho com
mercial aspirations of tho Sound conn
try. Portland only neods to work for
tho trade of our region in a dosorving
way to possess it, and to havo tho pro
duets of tho upper country como down
tho Columbia and seek tho ocean this
way in proferonco to eroding tho moun
tains to tho Sound, it is only necessary
to mako tho rivors navigable and so
roach Eastern Oregon nnd Washington,
EMPL0Y1N0. CONVICT LABOR.
Tho near approach of tho legislative
session is calling out opposition to tho
contract system of employing convict
labor, as it is claimed that it destroys
thriving industries. It is asserted that
tho manufacture of stoves by such labor
broko up a manufacturer at Milwaukeo,
whoso all was invested, nnd put a stop
to two manufactories at Portland, all of
whom employed many skilled mechan
ics. At first, tho prison factory hired a
number of skilled mon.nnd now, having
educated long-timers, thoy employ no
outsido help.
This is, in brief, tho objection, but wo
havo always felt that tho Stato should
utilizo tho labor of convicts to pay their
expenses ; nnd it must bo an mlvnutngo
to theso men to havo somo good trado
thnt thoy can follow whon their terms
expire It is true that vory fow mechan
ics becomo criminals. They como, of ten
est, from a class thnt grow up without
any rospcctablo calling. Quito recently
wo read n statemont concerning convicts
who return to prison for other crimes.
It said that statistics proved that when
a man learned n trade in prison, ho sel
dom roturned, but followed his trade.
Whilo n largo proportion of ordinary
criminals return, only a email por cent,
of thoso who learn trades go back. If
this bo true, it is a strong argument for
training convicts to bo mechanics.
But, tho question is, may it not bo
posiblo for convicts to learn trades that
will not interfere with existing enter
prises? Wo beliovo it i so, and would
urge thnt, ns n measure in favor of tho
early development of home-industries,
tho Stato shall use its convict labor for
this purpose. For instance, tanning
can bo carried on, as it was boforo, and
leather made. Wo ship our hides to
California, and buy back harness and
boots and shoes. Let tho Stato manu
facture leather and soil to harness-ma
kers, and aho manufacture boots and
Tho plan of placing tho difTcrout In
dian agencies undor tho chnrgo of vnri
otis religious denominations, or churches,
docs not always work without friction
it ecoms. At present tho Catholics have
control of Umatilla reservation and at
thoir suggestion tho President appoint
ed B. Cofi'oy as ngont. Mr. CofToy is n
very zealous churchmnn and is nlso a
loyal citizen. So when tho priest, who
ministers to souls thcro, propounded
methods for farming that scorned incon
sistent with his official instructions and
tho ngont remembered that ho was a
sworn oillccr of govcrnmont and did not
yield. Tho priest, it is said, broko up
the church school and thcro being on
thu spot thrco agonts or inspectors who
went thoro to get tho Indians to rcccivo
land in eovcralty, which tho govcrnmont
dosircd, thoy organized a now school
with tho ngonta daughter, Mary Coffoy,
in chnrgc, nnd nesistnnts choson from
among tho most forward pupils. Thoso
inspectors all cnuorso Mr. Ceffeys
courso nnd ono of them told us in per
son that Cofi'oy did much to induco tho
Indians to accept tho government plan
and that Conrady, tho priest, virtually
opposed it henco tho trouble
Quito recently, without any chargo of
sinning against tno ciiurcn, or of. any
summons to them to dofend themselves,
rchbishop Gross issued an edict plac
ing both Cofi'oy and his daughter undor
tho ban of tho church and oxcommuni.
eating them from its communion. This
act of intolerance is astounding and
without precedent in our freo country,
and must cause n general nggitntion
through tho United Statos. So far as
can be gathered, this is dono becauso
Cofi'oy as Indian agont has not dono tho
bidding of tho church ; becauso ho told
tho priest : "I don't caro for Pope, Bish
op or Priest in what concerns my duty
as agont. It is first ray country, whoso
Bworn officer I am; next cornea my
church."
Wo know from tho Inspectors them
selves that all thrco fully sustain Mr
Coffey and as fully denounco Conrady,
tho priest. They havo in thoir hands
sworn atlulavitfl tn provo that this
"Father Conrady" has said : "Damn tho
Indians! I wish tho black-pox would
como and carry them all off."
This act of Archbishop Gross carries
us back to tho "dark ages" in Europe,
and is unworthy of this onlightcd ago
nnd freo soil. If ho has boon misled ho
should retract. In this ago tho church
should stand forth, inviting tho clear
light of day and deserve tho respect and
confidence of all men.
Something New- Under the Eun
Mr. Aboil, whoso namo has becomo n
household word, is now taking pictures
by a now process. Theso pictures aro
called bromides," and nro perfection
of the art. Mr. Abel! has largo, com
modious rooms at 29 Washington street,
Labbo block, Portland, and which aro
easily reached by elevator. In this way
ho gets tho best possiblo light for work.
A largo-sized portrait of a child has at
tracted much attention in his djsplay.
So wo ndviso tho readers of tho Farmer
to go to Abell's for Christmas pictures
tho most acceptablo and well-timed
gift that can bo made for holiday times.
Tho"bromido" is a life-size picture.
If von intnnil in fjilro nn nnr nlfhr
eo head of editorial page, do so at
MOUNTAIN SUN AND VALLEY TOO.
If wo could stand on any point of tho
surrounding foothills that givos a view
of tho wholo valley, wo should look
down from warm and sunny heights on
a sea of mist and fog lying liko great
snowy fleeces. Mr. II. W. Tallies a
whilo ago took up a claim in tho hills,
about three or four miles nbovo Meha
ma, and not over thirty milos from Sa-
lorn. Ho wont home to spend the Snl-
bath, and reports that at his mountain
homo tho climato is delightful, and
has been all along, savo when thoro
wero rainy days. Theso fogi which wo
enjoy(?) aro unknown there. Tho sun
shino is beautiful, and tho weather warm
enough to bo delightful. Tho mist that
comes from our streams lie upon tho
valloy only. Ho found sunshino for ten
.miles of tho way back on Mondav.
from his mountain homo to Stayton,
and thoro ho plunged into tho Intermi
nable fog that shrouds tho lowor valley.
Staver & Walker! Magnificent Display
Wo aro pleased to call tho attention'
of our readers this woek to tho adver
tisement of Messrs. Stavor & Walker,
which comprises nil implements thnt nro
in demand nt this eonson of tho year.
Mossrs. Staver it Walker havo built
up a very largo trade ronching nil
parts of Oregon, Washington Ten, Idaho
and northern California.
Thoy havo also sold nuito a number
of goods in British Columbia, in spito
of tho high duty, and recently mado
shipment of somo plows, cultivators, etc.,
10 AiaSKIl.
Their lino of goods comprises tho
best implements and vehicles of their
class to bo had in tho United States. All
machinery handled by thorn has been
specially built for this trado is strongly
and durably mado woll finishod nnd
pnir.ted, and guaranteed cqunl or supe
rior to any of its class mado in tho
United Statos.
Among tho various articles worthy of
special mention is thoir celebrated Bis
sol Chilled Plows, which aro guaranteed
superior in point of construction, finish
and work to any other chilled plow in
tho world. All farmers usimr theso
plows express themselves in the highest
terms regarding them, and conccdo that
thoy nro all or moro than represented.
Another now implomont is tho Hoosier
Itunncr Press Drill, whih is a novolty
in its way, nnd is far nhend of nil
provious ollbrts in tho lino of seeding
machinery, it having bcon demonstrated
by careful practical tests thnt tho proba
bilities of tho gcrmlnntion of seed wheat
nro greatly increased by paoking tho
earth on tho seed nt timo of drilling,
and that, in consequence, tho quantity
of 8oed can safely bo reduced one-half
or one-third of tho amount usually
sown, with full assurauco that tho yield
will also bo grently Increased. For full
description of tho manner of construc
tion nnd operation of this Itunncr Press
Drill, nil pnrtics nro invited to send for
Staver it Wnlkcr'B handsomely illus
trated catalogue, mailed freo on appli
cation, which fully sots forth tho great
merit and superiority of this Drill ovor
any other mndo.
With tho ijroth of onr stock interests
thcro has arisen n domand for a Fodder
Cutter, it having leen demonstrated that
the saving by cutting of hay is no less
than I10J jwr cenf., or nearly ono ton in,
every three. Stavor A Walkor aro gen
eral agonts for tho "Ross Ensilago and
Fodder Cutters," which aro guaranteed
tho best in tho world. Theso machines
aro strong, durable, of great capacity
nnd aro vory oasy running. They will
cut doublo the quantity of any other
mnchine sizo for sizo and will do tho
work hotter with less power, whilo they
aro hotter mado of bettor material run
lighter and cut easier.
All pnrtics interested in this class of
machinery will do woll to writo Stavor
& Walker for spocial cataloguo of tho
Ross Cuttore, which givo full informa
tion on tho subject.
Staver it Walker havo just added to
thoir lino a full huo of Bob Sleiehs.
which havo been specially built for this
trado of tho best oak, with 2 by IH bent
runners. Tho shoes aro of cast iron
with tho bolt holes taporing outwards.
All parties in need of such vehicles, will
do well to call at their warehouso or
agencies and examino tho eamn. In
connection with this lino thoy havo
added runners to put under snr nc
wagon beds, henco if wo havo somo
snow this year, all can tako a sleigh ride.
Thoy havo also sonio fino sleighs in
stock, and aro prepared to supply tho
wants of all parties in this line.
It is a mattor of satisfaction to noto
tho development of our country as
evinced by tho increased business of
this firm, and thoy nro deserving of
much credit for their efforts in furnish
ing tho farmers tho best and latest im
proved machinery for tho seeding and
harvesting of thoir crops, also for tho
fair pricon and liberal terms and treat
ment which their customers havo been
given.
It is to their erodit to say that thoy
never yet sued any farmer who showed
n desiro to meet his honost debts, but on
tho contrary have always shown tho
utmost consideration anil courtesy to
wards those who from unfortunato cir
cumstances wero unable to moot their
obligations when due.
All farmers will find it to their ad
vantage to patronize this firm, as thoy
will bo assnrred of tho best machinery
of its class to bo had, also of courteous
and honorable treatment and aiust con
sideration of their necessities.
Judge Sbattuok has decided that tho
shoes. Tauning and manufacture of onco, as wo shall discontinue tho offer management of tho Oiwego Iron "Works
booU and shoos will interfero with no' January 1st, This is positive.
jis vested in the S. G. Reed party.