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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 26, 1886)
WILLAMETTE FABMER : SALEM, OREGON. NOVEMBER 26 18Sfl , 4 ! &&&T' untied ererjr Wtek by th iuamkiti: FAiiJir.u i;iiiilisiii.n n. TKIUIO ur guiiounii " M a.vv . .a? cir On jreir, (PchUk pW). In Mlnc Ill month!, (PoiUwe Pld Jn 'Unw.. ben thin all month III be, pur month ADVKRSI3IKO HATES i u...il..m,nU will ba Inserted, providing tn te tpeetbl, t the following Ublo ol rto : 00 tpeCWUie. mo iguumuit u On Inch o( iptc 'xr roontli. Bum Inche ot opaco per raontli !o-bll column per monin h jwitttmn t- in ft nth .... nU9npl corlc ent fre on ppllctlon ln-bll column per month "" On column per nonui !,' THIS PAPER VtAUsi vr.uTiiN(n:NTACT HrW IllnlVi Innnniolnl'lilUiIrlnliU ntinn nowhmiixt Aiiicr. TUIC D1PCR I '" W " "n.li.iilmiMiif Hmw. Mi VV AVER 8uNt "ur nuwonieu dkcui O U I P P fl Ail crtlwr cn obtain iilm lljlna rtr UHlbAuU ol I.llltll .1 THOMAS. HiiJI.Ii MMJI.VATTI .iwrllicrc.n rtll.t "jf ,r"t' nd get citlnutc. Our nt are lUlttl.NH SO.NS. FISHER : SAN FRANCISCO Will iiuoto loral)lo rloi 21 Morcliant hxcliuiite. ITANYONK UKCIttVINO A COPY OF THIS PAI'KR WILL CONSIDKR IT AN INVITATION TO SUIJSCKI11K. THANKBOIVIHO. TliiH week tho wholo Nulion observes Iho nppoiutud day Bot by tho Chief In centive of tlin Nation unl (indorsed by lho KxccutlveB of nil tho States, for thanksgiving to tho Creator ot the Uni verso for tho benefits of tho now closing your. Throughout our Nation thcro is hoalth and pro-qicrity. Wo have- grown greater in iiumlwrH mid in wealth and tho harvests of all sections havo been un usually good, co that tho obsorvaneo of a day of thanksgiving is nioro than a more- tradition. It is a recognition of tho bounty that our labor has earned ami a Diviuo Providence has blosod to our best good. THE "WILLAMETTE FAltHER." 1087. On approaching tho end of 18815 wo havo u few winds tosay that wo trust will interest our renders. Tho writer has grown old hero in this editorial chair and for half a gonuration has hero studied tho agriculturu of our region. It !h not presuming to think thatthoso years of editorial work, with actual ox perionco on tho farm, havo qualified us for our work and given practical capaci ty for usefulness Sineo 18(11), when tho Faiimkii was started, tho 1'ncillo Northwest has wonderfully developed and tho Inland Empire as well as our own coast valloys now teem with pop illation ami production whero tifteon years ago wero apparently deserts and unbroken ranges. When tho Faiimi:u was started thorn was only tho Willamette Vnllev to I)? called Oregon, but now production F.ust of tho Cascades dwarfs Hint from this Hide. Wo took tho namo Wn.HMirm: Faiimku and do not intend to change, though agriculture has now a greater population outsido of this valley than in it. As this gram', region has been growing the writer has visited all new odious and i-tiidled their resources and development to bo astonished at the realisation of what was so plainly ap parent. Wo keep Htop with all tho im provement that goes on, and knowing personally ouch section keep thoroughly informed by reading too hundred or more journals that weekly issue through this wide domain to givo tho world no tice of its progress. We have perfected arrangements for a thorough eanvin of all parts of Ore gon, Washington and Idaho. To all club wo shall put tho paper at $1.50 mil hope to make it inoro valuable and interesting than ever. No other jour nal pom.o-.i-os tho experience in farming matters and knowledge of all sections of tho Paeillc Northwest that wo bring to our work. It is our policy to givo our readers the epeiieueo of successful inon and keep them well tip iu regard to all matters that concern their interests. Tho farmer needs to know what other farmers aro doings who re.p tho liest harvests ami gather tho best crops, lie looks to his farm journal for all import tmt fuels on fanning and to keep him informed not only as to farming but to farming methods, soils and tho value of products, but also to post him as to what lino ol farming will pay him best, and bow to make mixed farming pay; what grasses aro best for meadows and pasture.; what grains nnd vegetables will pay him bestt what fruits bo can plant and grow to fell for market nnd to hhip abroad. Thero is tho dairy, the .apiary, tho orchard, tho garden, tho pas ture and meadow, tho grain field and hundreds of other matters that need to bo mndo clear to him la his homo journal. This is our work nnd dutyj tho field is as wide an lho Pacific slope; wo know all 'jecliom of the Held wo havo named nnd shall try to ninko the Willamette Famicr fairly represent its requirements. FLOW deep. How mnny generations havo passed since tho motto at tho head of this has been kept beforo tho world wo cannot say, but moat likely it has been said and rosaid ever einco good farmers havo lived to practice it. All good farmers know it, but it never Eeems to havo boen cfTectunlly learned. Evcrywboro tho rule applies. If you can havo good j crops with shallow plowing, you can linvo bottor for putting tho plow deeper. I Most especially is this truo of dry 'mIIb . ..tiftl . Ii'it aJ AHtt ffl amr9ft il t tl Ul'illlllUS, ftllUH us j-jiioi,i;iii vyiUUII Ullli Washington hnvo. Homo sections cvon thoro aro worso oil" for lack of rain than others. Hut science demonstrates that witli tho great rain-fall of tho "Western valleys, as with tho slight moisturo droppod from tho clouds in tho espe cially dry region botweon tho Columbia and Snako rivers, tho soil hns become adapted to its circumstances. I lore, tho great deposit of rain is needful, and thoro tho soil adapts itself to tho atmos plioro and recruits from dows that fnll through tho drier months. Tho ono FRUIT GROWING. xo. X. Wo havo practiced pruning fruit trees from early fall, or as soon ns tho leaves dropped, nil along through winter nnd spring nnd havo never seen nny marked difference in thoso pruned at different sensons. Once when wo cut off sonio largo limbs of a woll-grown cherry tree wo learned by tho death of the tree not to cut off Inrgo limbs in midsummer, for that was tho time. Pruning a large or chard cannot bo conveniently done at somo pnrticulnr timo because sufficient forco cannot bo procured. Fortunately it can bo dono through tho late fall, win ter nnd early spring time. Thcro aro tovoral objects to bo at tained by pruning trees. Wo take out tinrnllnl limbs nnd lon'0 only what should stand; wo cut out limbs that point in nnd thoso that cross other limbs, wo opon tho top to lot in light nnd nir and wo cut buck tho principal limbs and thoir branches to moko tho treo stocky nnd Btrong so that it can reasonably sustain nil tho weight it ought to bear. Somo let thoir frees branch closo to tho ground and others let thorn branch out two or throe feet from tho soil, nnd the most common way is to lcavo tho body so you enn get nround them to oultivnto with tho plow. This socms the most rcasonublo wny, as THIS STATE'S AFFAIIIS. fun! ftlifi nl till otilu ntwl ilriiliviiliiinnj i iiuu ui tin nviua tint tiuuuioiiuiuvoi . of location tho world over, is plow deep" " nro blc to EC0 tho trc0 nml Wrk This is ns truo of theso Western valloys ns it is of tho treeless interior. To plow down bolow whero plow over wont beforo (when working the dcop alluvinn of all these, sections) is to bring up to sight and for uso frosh resourcos of Nnturo that wait our bidding. Thero is n miuo of wealth in tho lower soil that will on- rich tho worker. It is truo thnt a man with a small team, or only ono closo to it. You enn buy of Miller Hros., Portland, for n rcnsonablo price, tools well adapted to pruning orchards. A small saw wo got of them, with a saw on each edge, does admirable work. Pruning shears nlso cut off limbs that aro too small for tho saw. When you havo used tho shears and tho saw, you can tnko a .., 'sharp pocket knifo to mako tho cut """"'i .i i i... !. i i ..:i.. 'Pi,;- ,...., ,..,.11 .......u..t. ,.ii i. i,i mnoow mm iui. it uum .. " IIIIIKV IIUII ltlV.UIIIfll0ll III! HJ tUlllll I ( t wish, lull lio niMit. nliimim wnrlf with n i 'n8' 1H VOlV neighbor nnd one team follow and sul soil ns tho first ono turns over tho old toil. Kventualiy wo must come to good farming rather than too much of it. Less ground and bettor work will givo profits far more satisfactory. Tho writer has boon ovor tho great Inland Kmpiro iu tho past nnd hns studied tho conditions of soil nnd climate with great intorest. Tho first settlers in somo parts wero unfortunate and sold to others who mado a success of farming, and mnny of them nro woll to do. All along tho Columbia and Sunko rivers tho rainfall is less than near tho mountains, but thoy who learn tho conditions and work accordingly aro successful anywhere. Wo havo lately told, but will tell again, how tho dilTereneo in plowing, near Alkali, (or Arlington) acted on tho crops. Plow ing six inches deep mado a yield of 21 bushels iu 'SO, (tho driest year over known) whilo ordinary plowing brought only 112 to Id bushels of whcit. do where you will tho world over and deep working brings tho crops. Tho dry belt of laud Hast of tho Cascados merely requites proper culture to earn good crops The timo is coming when that region will bo redeemed from its wild state and havo all tho adjuncts of good agriculture. Orchards and vineyards can thrive there, and they can grow all sorts of fruits to supply tho country east of them. All theso requiro bettor cultivation than tho people nro yet lined to. Thorough work must redeem all that region from its half formed state nail give it growth and prosperity. Tho extent of mining ground oast of us demands what that section can pro duce, nml producers equal to tho oc casion will not long bo wanting. 'last is vory impoilant. With con I venient tools and knowlcdgo of tho busi- I iiixi ii nriuinr w gnnil ntiln to IHlt It trCO in good shapo and givo it tho best form to carry its fruit. Ho can always givo a graceful shnpo to his trees and tho truo iden is to shnpo n troo liko an urn or vase. Nothing can bo moro tastoful than n well trimmed orchnrd, whoro all tho trees aro shaped gracefully and natur ally. The wholo scienco of pruning is to givo tho troo shapeliness and strongth. Somotiinc wo seo orchurds woll pruned, and again illy pruned, or not pruned at nt all. Tho treo needs enro in this ro- spect to decrease tho growth of wood in unnecessary directions and mako it grow wtiero yon wish, uosmci. mo spreading of limbs and tho number of them nnd you can put tho forco that would bo thus wasted into fruit and havo larger and finer fruit than othorwiso. Tho philosophy of orchnrd work jb easy to comprehond if ono will learn of oth ers nnd seo for himself. A iiii.i. has been prepared for presen tation to the next legislature, providing for a new apportionment of tho Stato. Should the bill pas without amend ment, tho Senate in 18S0 will consist of thirty members and thollousoof Rep resentatives, sixty momboro ; ono sena tor for every 15,812 of tho inipulntion of the Stato, and ono representative for every 11,121 of population. Owing to tho increased population of Kastern Oregon this will benefit them in allowing their representatives to moro equally com pete with those of tho valley counties. As it now is the valley counties outvote Kastern Oregon. Tho above shows con clusively that Kastern Oregon is grow ing in ' lwpulation. Political rvnsons should not be allowed to iutorfoio with this bill. Our readers will notice in this issue that Staver & Walker, tho great imple ment house ot Portland, advertiso their full lino ol farm machinery and tools of all kind suited to tilts season. IJioy liavo nlwavs boon liberal natrons of ours and wo iiiivo always noticed thnt good adver tisers havo proved Miecossfnl and bo caiiio popular with tho people. Proba bly no house in tho trado is moro gener ally known and well liked than thoy nro nnd their success has been well cameo. DEATH Or EX-PKE3IDENT ARTHUR. Cbo-.tor A. Arthus, lato President of tho United States, is dead. Ho hnd been in poor hoalth for somo timo nnd his doiniso was not unexpected. Nomina ted Vico-Prcsident to placate political factions little was expected of him and whon tho murder of Prcsidont Garfield olovated him to tho position of Chiof Kxccutivo tho prejudice against him for that position was most unonviable. His dignity and ability ns President won for him tho respect of tho Nation nnd tho world, so that ho enmo out of tho trying onleal with character and repu tation not only unimpaired but im proved. Ho made, a capable President, had a high sonso of duty, wn not a mero partisan but servant of tho peoplo and their nblo friend. Chester A. Arthur was n poor boy and worked his way to im education by great industry. Ho beeanto a lawjer and won high repute; ho filled the import ant oiileo of Collector of New ik ably and honestly. When wnr came ho was in a very important station, wherein ho handled millions of money iu equipping and organizing tho forces of Now York, yet, when tho war was ovor ho wns a loor man. Of theso millions, wrung from a suffering country, not a dollar had been dishonestly acquired by him. From a poor boy Arthur became dis tinguished and for courtly manner and dignity of character might havo rivaled all tho aristocracies of tho earth. Wo rejoice to eo any man illustrate, as he did, truo dignity and manhood. Our American character is often built on such antecedents as gave peculiar inter ost to tho career of Abraham Lincoln, Stophen A. Oouglas, Androw Jackson and Chester A. Arthur and their woll won reputations stand up to inspire nil American youth with a correct ambi tion. Best drugs nt lowest prices at Port's drug store, 100 Stato strvct. 1,500 00 1,500 00 800 CO 1,200 00 2,000 00 1,200 00 1,500 00 500 00 200 00 000 00 (100 00 1,400 00 1,410 00 500 00 025 00 000 00 1,800 00 From tho Statesman. Following nro tho estimates mndo by tho governor, secretary and treasurer of tho state, u(on which was based the tax lovy : Salary of governor ... . $ Salary of tho secretary of state Salary of tho stnto treasurer. . Salary of governor's private secretary Clerical service in ollico of secretary of stato. . Clerical Bervico in ofllco of state treasurer . . Salary of superintendent of public instruction Salary of stato librarian Salary of prison insector Salary of pllotcommlssioncrs. . Salary of clerk to pilot commis sioners . . Salary of health oillcers. Pay of janitor and assistants . Traveling expenses of siqwrln tendentof public instruction Pay of clerical aid in olfico of siipcrintoniient oi puuuo instruction Pnrchaso of books for stato li brary 2,500 00 Support of deaf muto school . 7,000 00 Supjwrt of blind Bchool 4,000 00 ray nmniwaicnmnn at cnpuoi building For tlio pnrchaso of Vol. lit, Or egon supremo court reports. For stationery, office furniture, lights, luel, water, iwstttgo, pav of messenger, telegraph ing, advertising proclama tions, state stamp?, warrants, blanks, nnd excises of stnto teachers' Institutes, and oth er incidental expenses of the executive nnd administrative departments, and of tho su premo court, etc., etc. . For conveying convicts to tho IKMiitcntWy ... For conveying insanonnd idiot ic to the stnto insane asylum Public printing and binding. . Salaries of supremo and circuit ludires. district nttomoys, clerks and bailiffs of supremo court Care and treatment of insane patients at tho insano asylum, nnd for pay of superintendent and employes ... Returning Insane patients to thoir homes Salary of superintendent of the Oregon stato penitentiary. . Salary' of wardens of tho Ore gon stato penitentiary Pay of guards of tho Oregon state jHnitentiary Salary of visiting physician of Ftate penitentiary Pay of nihtwatchiuan, stato penitentiary. Pay teamster, state ienItontin- Keeping prisoners nnd gcnoral oxciiscs oi Biato pomiuiuiu1 rv . KxiK-'iiscs of regular fossIoii of l' !..!..! -. 1.1. . ICO" ' IU1HIIIUU unsuiiiuit t imp Arrest and rot urn of fugitives from justice Tho supK)rt of non-resident poor. For stato board of agriculturo For protection of dairy pro ducts . . ForexiKMiHCB board of immigra tion. ... Supiort of nuricuittiml collego.. Lighting public buildings with electricity . Public printing nnd blndlng.de fldeney in printing fund, 18S5 ... Caro nnd treatment of non-resident paupers, deficiency Arrest and return of fugitives from justlco, deficiency For this amount of error in foot ing of oxiienso of Btato gov ernment in statement of May 211, 18S5 For tho following amounts which wero appropriated in 1885 and not included iu es timates of exiHMUws for tho biennial term ending Dee. ill, 1885, vir.: For conveying insane patients ami interest Siipjiort of stato board of agrl culturo ........ KxjHiiises of stato board of im migration Pay of nightwatchmnn, dotl I'iencv. For pav of Kx-Governor S. F. UlinilwlcK 0,000 00 0,700 00 7,200 00 0,000 00 :t5,ooo oo 08,500 00 500 00 800 00 2,100 00 5,700 00 500" 00 000 00 450 00 17,000 00 :,ooo oo 1,500 00 1,001 00 5,000 00 2,500 00 5,000 00 2,500 00 5,000 00 8,:ioo oo 800 00 2,1411 55 500 00 4,420 80 5,000 00 5,000 00 ;;oo oi) ::o Total .270,l:W 71 IUXE1ITS. Total miscellaneous receipts and balances of sundry ap propriations unexjiendetl 121,850 00 Leaving amount to bo raised by taxation -154,280.71 $270,189 71 Tho amount of taxable property in tho stato as shown by tho assessment rolls for tho year 1880, is $79,122,073. A lovy of 1 1-20 mills on this would bring $114, 289.71, tho amount required to be raised, according to the estimate. Following are the amounts chargeable to each county : Rtker. IVnton Clackamas I'lati-on t'olumnia Coo . Crook Curry IVniulas Gilliam . Grant . .. Jackson Jiv-ophine. Klamath l-ke I-ine .. l.inn. . . . Marion Morrow Multnomah Polk. . . Tillamook Umatilla . . Union . . Wnsoo Washington Yamhill. Total $ 4,581 a"i 0,200 07 4,901 29 4,09:1 20 1,404 37 2,512 79 2,028 00 SOS 00 5,408 74 2,300 40 5.382 43 4,317 02 1,200 IX) 1.383 01 3,188 37 7,779 91 10,210 00 9,000 03 1,038 09 30.5S5 14 5,715 55 555 92 8.3S0 29 5,451 04 4,010 39 5,073 2S 7,875 40 $154,289 71 JOAQUIN MILLER'S SPANISH COWS Tho following sketch to tho Chicago Times wo endorso ns a vivid picture of Spanish cattle in enrly times. Wo owned ono cow whose name wns ''Old Kicker" and she lived up to it. Mr. Sliller writes tho Times : My present letter is from Eugene City, Ore., whero my father settled down nearly forty years ngo, nnd whore I have dono more work with tho hnnd thnt potiB theso lines than any mnn I know worked like a man whilo still n-lad. Lord! thoso dnys when my brother and I usod to rise with tho sun and go out nnd milk tho half-wild Spanish rows I What battles wo poor bnrefooted lads did havo! These Spanish cows wero terribly vicious brutes. Thoy had long, shnrp horns, nnd would fight liko bullB. In fact, I have seen my poor brother hnvo much moro perilous fights iu tho corral with theso slcok, long logged, sharp-horned nnd vicious cows than over I saw in nil tho bull fights of Mexico or Spain. Theso cows hnd been brought up from Moxico. Thoir long battles for their young, generation nfter generation, with wild beasts, had mndo tnern trim limbed nnd shnrp-horncd ns nntnlopc, almost. No wiso or woll regulated peo plo over attempted to milk them. But wo wero isolated immigrants, and no ono camo by to tell us better. Besides that, butter wns .fl n pound. And wo wero vory poor. You seo wo got thorn wild cattlo from tho old settlors for taming thorn. Wo tamed tliein, but thoy bored n good many holes in us beforo wo got them subdued. Kick? I hnvo been doubled up in tho fenco comer for nn hour nt n timo liko n jack knifo! But ns for butter, you might ns well milk n strap, Tho milk was thin and watery, what littlo wo got awny with. But after all tho worst pnrt of tho wholo business was tho hunting up of thoso wild cattlo twicoaday and driving them into tho corrnl. They would let their littlo calves stnrvo nnd never come near them. And run! Thoy would run liko deer. Only dcor run from you. Theso wild, high-hoadod and iburp horned cows would run towoixl you. And this is tho way wo would get thorn, homo run liko whiteheads toward home, nnd tho cows after us. Tho wholo laud wnn nlivo with rattle snakes. An J such rattlosunkesl Wero I to tell you that I hnvo scon knots of rattlesnnkos ns big ns n barrel roll down tho littlo rocky hill known ns "Itnttlo snnko Utitto," you would hardly caro to boliovo mo. Yes, tho truth is, wo used to spring to go in groat parties. Indians and nil, to kill rattlesnakes. But now snakes, wild cows, tall grass, and nil nro no more. Tho cows couhl never bo tallied, and ns timo wont by all tho old "Spanish" stock of cattlo wns drivon to California nnd butchered, nnd what was called "American cattlo" took their placo. As for tho rattlesnakes, strango to say, thoy began to disappoar as soon as hogs wero introduced into tho county. A rnttlesnako will ily for Ins Iifo from n hog. I doubt if a snako will stnko at a hog under any circumstances, for 1 novcr saw ono try to bito n hog. But 1 hnvo seen hogs pursue, capture, and cnt rattlesnakes. llniiT I'll. You nro fe lini: ilotirei.el, your appetite W poor, ynu are liolln'reil with llo&ilnch, you are Ulijety, iii-iviiju, n.n'1 gt-nerally out of sort, nuil rnnt tu Ikuco up. Ur.ico up, but not with itlmuiKirr. fprtig incciiclnos, or bitter, which li.ie fortnoir lianii very cheap, bail whinky, ami which ttimulsto you for n hour, ami then lcavo jou in worio condition than before What you wnnt is an alterative that wil purify your blood, Btrt healthy action of Liver ami Kidney, restore your vitality, andgWu irnowod health ami itrength. Such a medicine you will find iu Electric Bitters, and only 50 cent a bottle at Port k Son' Drug Sure. 3 Drugs at Port's, 100 Stnto i-trect. OUOhs d YC surely curd by Perry OdviV Pain Jglter reodtfie diVech 'otis & . "'t
