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About Willamette farmer. (Salem, Or.) 1869-1887 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 5, 1886)
h' WILLAMETTE FARMER: SALEM, OREGON, NOVEMBER 5 188G Ji i 4 wSmlm iMUed every Week by the W TERMS OF SUBSCilllTIO.N One rear, (Portag paid). In advance I 2.00 fix monthi, (PoitMe paid). In advancu.. l.M beta than six montht will be, pet month it ADVEKSISINO bates: AdrtrtliemenU will be Inserted, providing tn are eepectable, t the following Uble ol ratea t One Inch of epace -er month I & three Inchei of apace per month w I Be-half column per month -w On column per month ................. Vi.w TlLBample copies lent free on application. Til I C DMDCD V AY-"n KOL'r $ I till) r Art ft itVm'iTi & co'h IVewaimper AdvertUliiR Ilureou (10 HrilUCB hthkbt). wiiwin Ai- tlCUf VflDltf a'iffi NEW YUKlV. 3 'HIS PAPER5,K.WA,.?J!!ft i We AVER 80N, our nutuurUed agent. PUinAPnAclvertlncn can obtain artrrrtlelwf rate UllluAuU of tHU ATIIOMAM, 15 lUndolpli 1SCIAfrTaJmtleeri can call at Vlnj afreet, and et cellmate. Our arftlitarc IMIMI.NW FISHER : SAN FRANCISCO Will UOte fatorahle rate- 21 Merchant Exchange. iarANYONKllKCKIVING" A COPY OF THIS PAPKIl WILL CONSIDKll IT AN INVITATION TO SUBSCRIIJK. TiiBltK AitE Homo pooplo In tbie littlo world of mini wlio think Unit if tlioy enn boat or ltinko n few cents oir of n nowspapcr innii, tlioy nro smart. Such mi inilivithml you ciui gonornlly find in n postollice, or mi express olllco, or in any olllclnl position for tlint matter. Of coiuho thoro nro exceptions to ovory rulo. Hut wo hnvo mont nlwnys found tlint tlio smaller tlio olllco tho smaller the cnllbro of tlio Minn who runs it. Dmu.vo tiikhk times, when facilities nro ho plentiful, nnd luuidy for remitting money in Hinnll minis, it seems Htrnngo that ho ninny will neglect paying Hinnll hills. A iiowHpnper is obliged, In the Pacific Northwest, to rentier itH cireuln- tion nnd iih ii conecquenio small diiih acoiimiilatu in their lists iigulnst parties who nro ruspoiisihlo nii.1 who could mill Hbotihl pay wlmt thoy owo, but who through neglect, no doubt, let the mutter rent unthoughtedly. JlEOAUsi: n ninn publishes a newspaper ilon't imagine ho is n charity object. Wo notice Hint tho great majority of them pay their billH, nnd that too, about iih regularly as any other Iiuhi ncss. Woofton hear unkind remarks about men becniiHO they nro "printers" ns manv vulcarl v call them. Thoro aro very fow printers, in tho truo acceptance of tlio word, in tho State. Wo honor our calling nbout iih much ns nny pro fessional or mercantile man can honor bin, and besides, wo think wo do moro real good, and aro about iih sure to mako n fortune. Let croakers nt the news pnpor fraternity bear in mind that it is not ovory "fool" who can run a nows liipor or n grocery store, or n dry goods storo, or n bnnk, successfully, or any tiling olbo, for that matter. Not U)n ninco a postmaster in Knst ern Oregon received $ 2 from ono of our subscribers nnd then sent us f !.., re tnining tho balance, iih ho said, for fees. Now, hereafter, we shall ignore nil such minis and shall credit tluwo who send their nimny in that way, with only tho amount actually received by us. This is by no means nn isolated case It happens frequently. Wo havo no resi dent agents except at a fow points in tho Willamette valley, all others must show their authority for collecting money for us. Not very long since n partysent to us -fl.'Jfi by W., V. & Co.'s express, and sent it in such a way that the charges amounted to tile. We do not know whether tho remitter was to bin mo or tho agent of that company, but ono thing is hiiio, wo did not nccept it, but had it returned to remitter who will have to pay 7.t cents to take it out. Wo will stop this paper to any address whenever m ordered, providing the sub Kiiber has p.iid all arrearages. Tho enso nlovo quoted was tho llrst wo ever had, and we don't blame the remitter, but think tho agent should have in formed the party of the cost. rnoQHEsa in eastern okecjon. A fow years ago all the land south of the Columbia from The Dalles to I'mii tillu was a stock country with scarce any attempt at farming except in what were hupposed to lo especially favored locali ties. Stock men kept their Hocks nnd herds there and claimed that the coun try was too dry to raiso nny kind of crop.'. They did not know, what bus hiuco Ihvu demonstrated, that where rain-fall is light the soil has a common Biirnto capacity for resisting drouth and retaining moisture, but that is tho fact. There aro now thousands of houcs (cultured over all that region, and four counties tiro formed where thoro wero but two, Tho rain-fall may bo light, but tho plow can obvfnto thnt. So peo ple now nrc settling ui thickly,nml ovcry yenr tho products, wheat, wool nnd bar ley, increase. Leaving Arlington (onco Alkali) the other morning, wo rodo over tho hills in n southwest direction and soon enmo to n nico looking plnco where Mr. Wm, Oihnoro has n stock ranch. Ho has re turned from tho East with a car load of thoroughbred Short-horn hcifors nnd males. Of tho Inst, ho bns sold nil but two that ho keeps for his own use. This will putquiton number of thoroughbred bulls in use. nnd bo n great help to tho stock interests of that section. Mr. Gil more has ten Short-horn hcifors of this importation that ho will keep as tlio foundation of a Hates herd, most of thorn boinir of that strain, ilo lias n choico young bull recently imported nnd n dark red Short-shorn bull, four yonrs old, bought of Younger, of California. Tho now stock ndded to what ho formerly possessed givo him tho bost Short-horn hord enst of tho Cascades. Lcnving Gilmoro's wo rodo ovor tho hills, nnd through n gonornlly rich farm ing region, to tho Hlnlock enclosure, which is n fenco thnt runs from tho Co lumbia to tho John Day and encloses nearly two townships, lying in tho "Nook" mado by tlio two rivcrn. This lnud is mostly clnimod by individuals who form tho Hlnlock Wheat-Growing Company, formed eouio years ngo boforo farming was much followed thoro. The first farm insido tho enclosure belongs to Air. J iimes Jilaloclc, wlioso succcbs fully demonstrates tho productive ca pacity of diat region. So littlo confidence is placed by tho world in tho ability of this part of Ore gon to produco results thnt wo will nnr rnto Mr. lilnlock's experience Ho is n young man nnd has been thoro live years, lias ins lanu claim 01 .i.u acres and other land besides. Four years ngo ho broko up nil his pro-omption, 1)20 ncres, and raised a sod crop of 21 bushels mi acre. Ho then, in 188 1, plowed tho laud six inches deep, harrowed nnd rolled it for n summer-fallow, nnd then planted it to corn. This was not culti vated, and ho sold it in tho bhock to A. H. Johnson, butchor nnd meat packer of Portland, for Jr'O.CO nn aero, besides Ix-'ing well paid for hauling it olT. As tho planting and cutting was all tho ex ihhiso of tho corn crop, nnd it cost less than $1 an acre, ho realized S.'i.fiO clear for his net profit on tho corn. Having cut his corn ho thon sowed winter wheat on the corn etubblo, nnd last summer, after tho driest season ovor known, when men who plowed lighter got only 12 bushels to tho aero, ho har vested 21 bushels of No. 1 whont, whilo surrounding crops wero usually only No. 2 and gave n light yield. This vory fully demonstrates the quality of tho soil and capacity for farming, n barley, com nnd wheat aro grown of tho best quality nnd in paying quantity. Tlioy also grow all vegetables nnd fruits in oxcellenco nnd profusion. "W. J. Mari ner has an orchard on the upland that yielded him lino apples this yoar planted thrco years ngo. Thnt fruit will do well there scorns to bo well proved. Kveu if it will not do as well as in tho river bottoms, ovory farmor can hnvo bis homo orchard. Tho winds aro n drawback nnd mako n sheltered plnco advlsablo if to bo had. Tho water supply of this soqtion is uncertain, but there nro draws whore water can lo got in wells nt an easy depth. Mr. Gilmore had dug into tho bnnk nt n sjwt whoro ryo grass grow and it looked moist, nnd had brought a stream of wator sulllciont for stock pur poses. Wherovcr wells ciui bo dug wator can bo easily brought to tho sur face by wind-mills, as thoro is rather an ovor supply of wind tbero. Trees can bo mado to grow and shado can bo got in n few years nny whoro, nnd if n man will plant shade and fruit trees ho will soon bo surrounded with foliage. Oregon has an immense e.teut of ter ritory that is unknown nnd unappreci ated that will in time bo doveloped by railroads and becomo peopled and bo productive. Overtwo-thiuls of our State is in this condition, and merely used as n stock range. Tho Central Pacific people talk of running from Northern California by Klamath lake and through middlo Oregon northward, to strike tho Columbia in tho region about Walla Walla. Tho Oregon Pacific seems to bo bucked by ono of tho greatest corpora tions known tho Chicago and North western and they talk of running from Albany across tho Casendo mountains to lloiso City. Thoso roads nro likely to bo built in a few years, and when built will develop n great extent of country now comparatively unknown. Eastern Ore gon is making tomo progress, but has a prospect in tho future that people now FRUIT OROWINO. NO. VII. Wh"ro many fail in having good nnd paying orchards is in want of caro nnd proper cultivation. To plant a tree U nearly n useless cliort unless you pro pnro tho ground woll and plant with re gard to having tho roots spread nnd kept separate. Somo ruon bunch them in n holo not. half largo enough, and fill in with clods perhaps, whilo tho careful man takes pains to have tho troo stand tho Bnmo sido to tho sun that it did in tho nursery, spreads tho roots in a natural position and fills around them with rich top soil. Tho earth taken from n foot down is solid nnd lifolcss, in n measure, whilo that which lies on tho surface, mellowed by constant working and wnrmod by tho direct rays of the sun, is much better calculated to givo a brisk start to any plant and mnko it grow its best. It would bo woll to haul manuro from tho barnyord and uso as n mulch, not touching tho roots, but acting ns a warm covering to tho roots, tho for tilizing qualities leaching through tho soil to stimulato growth nnd givo vigor. This costs but littlo for n small orchard, and pays well if dono for a largo ono. You can work on trees as soon ns tho wood has matured and tho sap has gono down for tho winter. It will not do to pruno n troo beforo its full year's growth is complotcd. Wo havo no regular fall frosts to decido this mnttor, so must in ab,scnco of freezing judge by tho falling of tho leaves nnd tho thorough ripening of tho wood, buds, otc. To lcavo a littlo bunch of hard earth under a now-planted treo is well enough, for you know thon that it cannot sink lower than you set it. If you boo the oml leaves fall and tho buds look mature, you can go at What is tho best season to pruno w thoroughly tested last year nnd tho year before, because wo commencod to pruno in the fall and kept on through tho win ter and spring. So far as wo can judge, you can prune any timo aftor tho snp is down in tho fall and kcop nt it until you get through, which may not bo until after tho trees hnvo mado their vigorous spring growth. Wo should prefer to fin ish in early spring, February or March preferred, but rnthor than permit too much to stand, cut last ycnr'fl wood jn May. Thon, as Boon ns your troos havo sent out their spring wood, you should cut away, and pinch back and thin out tho surplus crowlb, so do your work of spring nnd sumtnor thnt Micro will not bo much winter pruning to nttend to. Wo nro ns neglectful ns nny, nnd wo know full well thnt it would savo much winter work nnd insuro n much bottor growth of riponcd wood if wo went through tho orchard in Into spring nnd through tho f-umrncr, pinching off and frequent "chinook," so thnt the country is better ndapted for Etock, especially sheep, and crnin farming than is that nearer tho Columbia. These facts being so has influenced settlement so that your oyo enn cover more fnrms, the fields of which show white with Btubblo, nt ono look from this town of two years old than tho traveler will seo on his way of forty uiilos henco to Arlington. Of course tho plains of that forty milo stretch is being taken up and will all bo settled in timo whoro water is obtainable, but I think that whon nil is done, that man can do, tho strip of country extend ing twenty miles west of tho timbor lino of tho Hhto mountain?, will furnish n much grontcr number of dcsirablo homestends than any other area of similar cxtont in Eastern Oregon. While nil tho bunch grass country is now re ceiving accessions of settlers, this strip of country is growing faster in popula tion. The question is still an open ono whether tilling theso lands for wheat as an artlclo for exportation can bo relied thinning, so ns to mako tho treo grow in just tho shnpo wodcsiro. Lot n troo grow as it will all summer, nnd you must cut nnd burn up ono-half the growth of ovory yenr. It is only com mon sense, then, for nil orchnrdisits to do thoir pruning whilo trees nro grow- J"gi nnd so hnvo trees uiaturo sooner; havo no henvy cuts whoro limbs havo been sawed off, no wounds that aro not easy to heal over. Do this as tho trees aro growing and you will havo larger, finer, handsomer and hardier trees nnd feel much hotter satisfied. FIQS AND FOWLS IN ORCHARDS. Wo mot our old-timo friend Jacob Johnson tho other day. crossing tho ferry your pruning, and that is n matter of ,,t, Portland, and whilo waiting ho said havo littlo idea of. no small importance. Pruning is not very often overdone, and wo havo heard woll posted orchard ists assert that they novorsaw a treo too closoly cut back. It is n matter for tho discretion of a wieo man to decido ex actly how much pruning should bo done. Wo havo practiced with knifo and shears and saw, and aro satisfied that trcos soldom rccoivo correct treat ment. A man must judgo for hiinsolf and closoly observe, so that ho can judgo correctly. Tho main object is to lcavo tho treo in such condition to bo well balanced, to admit sunlight and air, and to prevent limbs crossing each othor. Somo lot their trees grow high enough to pormit tho team to work close to it, and othors pern it limbs to grow out from tlio ground up, niid'tho body is shaded by them. A medium wny is to lot them branch out n fow fcot up nnd bo nblo to run a cultivator pretty noar thorn. Judgo such matters as theso for yoursolf and seo how othors do and decido by that. Our friend Hos kins, of Nowbcrg, likes tho branches to begin low and tho treo bo a ball of foli ago on tho ground. Wo found that such trees as wo got did bost by branching out thrco to four fcot high, and havo tried that way, digressing a littlo with trees later plantod, but not much. Wo lost many trees by humnn care lessnoss and cquino ncrvousnoss. A spirited horso has no business in among fruit trees, n fact that wo learned to our heavy cost. How to mako up a good toam for an orchard wns n grnvo ques tion. Somo said, "ltig up good oxen." Another said, "Try gentlo mules." So wo traded a maro and filly for a good pair of mules, nnd boliovo they nro far nliend of horses. Thoy nro slow, but stoudy, nnd fast ouough, Horses nro in valuable in thoir plnco, but that is not nmong fruit trees, unless you hnvo n very sternly toum nnd nn unusually enreful driver. There nro many fruit trees thnt will dio if you hit thorn with tho end of tho single-treo, unless it is quickly bound up, but tho man who is so careless as to wound n treo is not tho man who will caro if it lives or dies. Tho worst is that this wound will not immediately kill, but lets tho treo live and dio with its first harvest of fruit. To eomo back to pruning ; tho idea is to cut the limbs back so they can bear nil they should and make tho limbs and body stout onough to easily hold up nil they 'an boar. I.ct trees grow with long limbs, and tho weight of tho fruit will break them. Cut out all limbs that point inward, un less the shape of tho treo justifies such. Never let limbs cross each other, as they will wear into each othor with the mo tion of tho tree. Cut out limbs that are too thick too numerous. If two or three limbs grow up together only leave as many as can properly occupy tho space. Cut back and tako out limbs so tho sun and air can shine in at tho top to ripen tho fruit. Gut back long limbs so that tho treo will have a rounded form and, if possible, n vaso-liko shape. his fruit wns ruined by codling moths nnd ho did not know what to do. Wo said : "Put pigs in your orchard, Johnson," and tho reply enmo from n neighbor of his, Mr. P. Fuller, of Lent's P. 0., Mult nomnli county, who said : "Yes, John son, I havo tried turning my pigs into my orchard and thoy hnvo elenned it out for me." As wo crossed tho forry Mr. Fullor explained whns good had been accomplished by turning swino into his orchnrd nnd among his trees. Thrco yenrs ngo, ho said, his fruit wns ruined nnd his orchard badly infestod. Ho turned tho pigs in, nnd in two yenrs they hnd cleaned out tho worms, and his fruit was clear of them. Another fact, tho fruit was all larger and finer than it was beforo, which wo nccount for by tho fnct that pigs root around among tho trees for bugs and worms, and not only cloar tho orchard of them, but do eomo cultivation by thoirrooting. Mr.Fullor's experienco should eucourago othors to do tho samo. Pigs and turkeys aro said to work well togcthor, and botwoen them leave fow noxious insects or worms. Our orchards nro beginning to pay some thing, nnd wo must do nil wo can to keep them cloar of injurious insects nnd of foul growths. A great deal of fruit has fungus spots that spoil it. Mr. Fuller said that aftor his pigs cleaned tho trees all tho fruit was largo and ovory way icrfect. Notes ot a Trip to QUUftm County. Condon, Or., Oct. 23, 1SS0. Killtor Willamette Farmer i Condon is situated near tho confer of Gilliam county, about twenty milos from tho timber lino of tho Hluo mountains. It is a caudidato for tho position of seat of government of tho county with, its friends boliovo, moro than an even chance in its favor over Arlington nnd Fossil. Tho location is a beautiful ono, just on tho southorn declivity of the ridgo or plain dividing tho waters of tho Kook crock nnd Thirty milo feeders of tho John Day. Tho town owos its ex istence to n spring gathored by a pipe into a tank out of which tho (low nt this timo is not greater than would run through a largo oaten straw. It is found easy to got good water by digging a short distance. However, tho well at the school liouso (nearor tho level of the plain) is said to bo only four feet in depth and yet aflbrds an abundanco of good wator. Thoro is reason to boliovo nearly every slight depression in tho vicinity contains wator or easily access ible. Tho idea of a county seat deriving its water supply from wells is not so chimerical as it would seem to thoso who dwell by "rivers of water." The land around tho plaeo is of e.x cclleut quality, and as it is only a mod erate days drive to get to tho timber of the Hluo mountains, fuel, fencing and building material can bo got much cheaper than by settlers twenty miles nearer tho Columbia river. In addition to tho general quality of the land being hotter and good well water moro gener ally nccessible, tho summer climato gives moro moisturo and tho winter more on ns a nienns of support. Thoso who boliovo it enn bo so scorn to bo on tho increnso, but yet thoro nro ninny who think tho sources of wealth is perman ently destroyed when bunch gras land is turned by tho plow. For mysolf I think tho tillngo will ultimately bo mado to support tho extensive pnsturngo thnt will remain whon occupation from cul tivation has dono nil it can. I hear tho avorngo of this yenrs crop placed at 111 to IS bushels per aero. As n rulo the best yields nro nearor to tho Hluo moun tains, so that much of tho wheat being hauled to Arlington is taken by four horo teams forty miles or moro. As n Bourcoof money making it does not seem to bo a very promising outlook. I notico thoro aro parlies not only ad vertising their readiness to lend wool growers money upon their growing crop nt 7 nnd 8 per cent, but hnvo had agents traveling amongst the sheep men re cently to cfl'oct such loans. I havo hoard of no ono offering such kiudnoss to whoat raisers. Even nt Snlcm, whoro seed timo nnd harvest has novor yot failed, and where wheat is sold at Olcts per busliol at this date, I nm told grain farmors havo in tho past fow years been refused loans on tho security of their Holds. Hut from whatever causo, tho solo of wheat, wool, meat, horses, or stock cattlo, monoy is plcnticr in this country than it ban boon for tho'pnst thrco yoaro. Looking at tho needs of social and business lifo here, I cannot but think tho Grango organization would provo beneficial. J. M. Tin: McMinnvillo daily is n livo littlo sheet, nnd will no doubt receive tho sup port it deservos. Tho Wcokly Roportor is ono of our best exchanges, and Hro. Ireland deserves all tho success ho has attained, for he is a live, onorgctio Journalist. Tcl small cujjful of ftoLAsses or strained WofSBY , 'tyltdsfioonful of iL Cu? MAPS! MAPS II MAPS Oil OltEGOX & WASH INGTOX TERRITORY. rTEREAFTEa WE WILL BE ABLE TO SUPPLY XT. coplee of map of Oregon and Waablnfton at folio IngratM. TbeM map art put up In conttnlenl form to carj la tho pocket. Eac!ol in a Itlfl beard eoTtr. Tbey can be obtained at tho folio Imj price: Map or Oregon, I Map of WaahUsOa, rccoR and Washington Combined. 1 JO CrRemlt by r-oUl Order or Rcgtittred UtUr Pottan ttampt IU not be taken. Aadreaa: muvHirrrErAKMEK rrB.ce., I A CTM
