WILLAMETTE FARMER: SALEM, OREGON, OCTOBER 16 1886
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3 'III niDCDll"nnl',n'llil'ltlilii
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FISHER : SAN FRANCISCO
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FRUIT GROWING.
NO. IV.
Wo lutvo taken pains within n week
to Houuro Ilia opiniotis of different por
tions connected with tlio fruit inturoHt,
us to tlio host varieties now in benring
inul brought to nnirkct hero ; also an to
thoso varieties not yet introduced to our
section, and tlutt should lie grown ltoio.
Among those wo interviewed nro Murk
I.ovy and F. 11. Pago, mnrolinnlu at
1'ortlaud, who hiiudlo our green fruit
vory hirgoly, ns woll as import from
California. Wo also liavo tho views of
eovorul nurHcrymen, including IT. W.
I'rottyniiin, of Railroad Nursery, Kust
rorllauil, .1. II. Hcttloniicr, of Wood
burn, and O. Dickinson, of b'alotn.
Wliilo tliCHO differ somewhat, tliey agree
on many varieties. Wo liavo published
heretofore u lint recommended by a com
mittee) of tho Fruit Growers' Awwiii
(ion, but coiiHider tlio opinions of a few
leading minds worth more than what
Midi a society may adopt. At tho Inst
Fruit (irowerH' meeting Mr. Dickinson
recommended tho following listof fruits:
Hummer Apples ltctl AKtrnchnn,
Gravonstoin.
Fall Apples -Fall Pippin, Sock-no-Furthor,
Waxen, Ivinff of Tompkins
Oounty, William's Favorite.
Winter Apples lluldwiii, Xorthern
.Spy, Moumontli Pippin, Grimes' Golden
Pippin, Ksopus .Spitzonhurg, Yellow
Nowton, Ytillow llelletlowor, Wiucsnp.
Summer I 'earn Ulnpp'H Favorite,
llartiott.
Fall l'earH Huerro d'Anjou, Fall
Mutter, Louir-o II, dMon-ey, llnorro Glair
geau. Winter PoaiH Winter Nollis, Faster
Iiuorro, Vicar of Wakefield, Duchess tlo
Hordeaux.
riuniH Coo'ri Golden Drop, Columbia,
I'eacb, Yellow Fgg, Hiadshaw, Washing
ton, Riouo, Claude tlo Havay.
Prunes Italian, Petit d'Anjou, Hun
garian.
Cherries- HltickTaitailnn.Roynl Ann,
I Muck Republican, Muck Higarrau.
Pouches- I'aily Aloxaiuler, Halo's
IJurly, F.nrly Crawford. Golden Cling,
Sahvay, I.enuiu Cling.
Aftor homo diooussion tho Rhode Ih
laud Greening, Muo Pearmiiin and Kay
wore added to tho list of apples.
' Messrs. Page, Levy, heavy fruit deal
ers, and II. W. Prettyman, orolmrdist
and nurseryman, favor tho following list
tif apples and pears. Wo believe it is
fully as judicious as the above, and much
to bo pieferred. It was gotten up with
great cam and wo commend it to our
renders as better worth their confidence
than any other list of varieties ever
lecoiumeuded. Tho same geutlomeu
suggest varieties of fruit not yet grown
in Oregon, or not grown in marketable
quantity, and recommend a fair trial of
them. Wo hall bo called upon to ship
fruit Hast, and tho freight tarilf must in
time Ih so reduced as to encourage a
much wider fruit trade. Wo should bo
prepared to ship kinds and varieties
popular elsewhere. The varieties wo
recommend, after consultation with tho
gentlemen named, are :
Marly Apples Red Astruoban anil
(iravoustoin. Ono or two trees of
(iolden Sweet and Red .lune. for family
use ; the tirt, when baked, is delicious.
Wo have one at our door that for a
mouth gave us a supply of delicious
baked fruit. Tho Rod Juno is nice eat
ing, but does not ship well, being too
tender.
F.urly Fall Apples King of Town
kirn County bus good color and ships
well; llluo l'enrmnin comes iu early
October. Then como
l.ato Full Apples Northern Spy, Yel
low Rollollowor, Huldwin, Spitzonhurg
and Sinith'n cidor. Mr. Levy nays tho
Yellow Ilollctlowcr and Smith's cider are
not good Bhipping fruit, boing too ten
der to stand packing and transport.
Karly Winter Yellow Nowtown Pip
pin, Itod Check Pippin, Uhodo Island
Greening, Golden Itussct, Wincsap, lied
Komnnltc, Whito Winlor Pcarmain, Rox
bury Russet.
iir. jjevy oojocts to several 01 meso,
and probably tho othors agroo with him,
that tho Whito Winter l'cirmain docs
not do well in this rogion ; that whon
tho treo becomes old tho fruit is small
and inferior. Ho says tho snnio is truo
of the Golden Itussot, and wo sny the
samo is truo of tho Wincsap and other
varieties, and feel little hesitation iu at
tributing this defect to the want of
proper euro of tho treo, which would do
well enough if mulched, pruned and tho
fruit thinned, so it can grow largo. JJy
propor euro trees will boar regularly all
thoy nro nblo to carry and ripen well.
It is a great mistako to omit this care.
Much of tho fault with fruit depends on
tho want of pruning, cultivating and
thinning. Tho other day wo took eleven
largo pears ofT a smnll limb, whero nil
tho Htcms grow on a single inch of ppnec.
Of courso, that was not proper, and if
tlio treo had been full tho fruit would
liavo been very small.
Tho Association of Oregon Fruit
Growers omitted the American Pippin,
but Mr. Levy says as it kcops from ono
harvest to another, and is tho only apple
that docs so, it has especial value. Ho
uays no lias iianiilou tiicm witn prom,
and boliovos a modorato number of trees
Hhotild bo grown.
Tho Gloria Muudi is not worth much
to oat, but cooks well, and makes good
dried fruit ; tho Waxen, or Gato apple,
cannot bo excelled for cooking or dry
ing. Mr. Lovy commondB to fruit grow
ers tho Ren Davis, Vandevero and Can
ada lloinettc, fruit not much known
hero, but all good fall varieties, and uhip
to good advantage.
Mr. Prettyman says tho Snow tipple,
or Milam, in excellent for early winter.
Wo have eaten them at the East and
know ho is correct. Ho nlno commends
tho Lava, a dark red, good size, and
keeps until May.
Tho ubovo list !b carefully.gotten up
and much mora reliable than that mado
out by tho Fruit Growers. rnlesH thoy
can givo good advico they had best give
none, for their list is calculated to do
mom harm than good.
It must no borne In mind that somo
varieties do well in some localities, hut
not far distant will not thrive, us soil
and conditions do not favor. It is im
poitunt, as wo liavo rcpcntcdly said, to
know what fruits do well iu your vi
cinity. The pound pear has no place in the
Fruit Growers Selections, but it pos
sesses value and has Its uses that oipial
any other. Last winter Levy Fold for
f l.'J'i a box lot of them to n restaurant
in Portland that wo frequented when
thero. Ah ofton us onco a week wo
had baked cai' and cream and found
the pears equal to any wo over Haw
baked. Thoy were vory largo and as
rich as tho Lawronco or Hartlctt. They
worn pound pears and if they are not
worth cultivating, if only for baking,
they are worth raising, us thoy como
later than any others ami keep well.
Tho Sheldon is a pear that comes in
early winter, has a good llnvor, largo
size and bears shipping woll. This is
not grown iu our region, at leust not for
market.
Tho Huerro Kustur is pronounced by
practical fruit growern us not worth cul
tivation. Resides not being healthy, as a
rule, and rotting to the coro frequently,
their great fault for shipping is that
they ripen vory unevenly, somo aro
groin while othors decay. Wo some
time ago quoted Mr. Settlemeier as con
demning this pear us having "outlived
its usefulness." The Huerro Griso 1)'
I liver, is a very good shipping pear.
The translation of its name means Fat
Winter Pear, or Winter Hutter. Huerro
Clairgeau is very line shipping fruit.
These two aio Into fall varieties. Tho
lilout Moiveau is a winter pear that is
excellent- All the-o varieties aro not
grown in our section and are recom
mended as worth planting.
Tho gentleman named gave the fol
lowing as a good selection of pears al
ready known and grown for the market :
Haitlett, by fur tho most popular for all
purposes. Clapp's Favorite, much like
it and ripening soon after if not with it.
Huerro d'Anjou, Huerro Cairgeou, Win
ter Xellis, Duchess d'Angontine. The
Louise Honno do Jersey wns discussed
and rejected at Hrt by all three, but
Mr. lAjvy afterwards said a few of them
should bo grown as they ripened soon
after tho Bartlctt at a time when no
other pear was in market, earlier than
Fall Hotter, whs fair looking and pleas
ant eating so its not being a good ship
per should not utterly condemn it.
This covers tho matter of apples ami
pears as faras wo have been able-to get
at oxporionncd opinion?.
Tho Fruit Growers Association is cal
culated to accomplish good and can ar
rivo at conclusions that will bo valuable.
Lnst spring it received a report on
fruits considerably fuller and certainly
better than tho ono they passed tho
othor day. A body of men ennnot work
as clearly and connectedly as a few.
Thero should bo a smalt committco of
omincnt orchardists who should ftudy
this matter of tho bot varieties and
make froqucnt report, so their decisions
can bo known. Tho fault is common f
growing too many vnrietios and tho im
portant fact to know is, what variotics
will do well in tho locality you inhabit
and select from tho best and mako tho
best of thorn by good cultivation and caro
and careful pruning of limbs and thin
ning of fruit. Yeu may realize a heavy
prolit ono yoar and find half your orch
ard ruined in consequence. Good man
agement gives a crop every year.
A gentleman woll acquainted with tho
qualities of fruit, and who handles tens
of thousands of bushels of apples, makes
tho following criticism on tho varieties
rccommonded at tho lato mooting of
fruit growers in Portland :
Tho Scok-nofurthor is not dcsirablo,
docs not sell well becnuso not in demand
and it is not a good shipping apple, bo
only fow aro required.
Tho Waxon cooks well and dries
heavy, making good dried fruit. It is
only wanted at homo as thero is no do
main! for it for shipping.
Monmouth pippin is not wanted and
not salablo ; instead would recommend
20-ounco pippin as much moro dcsira
blo. Bucrro Easter pear not a good keep
ing pour and not wanted for Bhipping.
DARKI0ADE8 AND CIVILIZATION.
AUMSVILLK, Oct. -1, 1880.
Kdltor Willamette Farmer:
Primoval man appcnrH to huvo sul
sistcd upon tho spontaneous productions
of tho earth, co-equal with tho anlmulo
with which ho was surrounded, and
with which ho waged incessant warfnro
for snpromncy ; and every animal which
ho deemed inimical to his welfaro was,
if possiblo, cither frightened away or
killed. Possessing only tho rudost
weapons, it wuh no light undertaking to
attempt tho destruction of tho larger
and moro formidable beasts, and tho
bold and athletic men who successfully
performed theso feats wero denominated
"heroes" wero tho "distinguished men"
of thoir day and highly respected and
honored.
Finding that certain animals could bo
mado iihoful, such wero caught and
tamed, became recognized na property,
and thus by degreos mankind becnino a
raco of uomadio herdsmen and shep
herds. With tho cultivation of tho soil
camo tho necessity of remaining iu ono
place, and thus two distinct classes of
people wero formed tho nomad mid
tho agriculturist. Tlioso latter wero
few at first, nnd wero held in low favor
by tho froo-and ensy rover with his
herds, and especially despised by tho
"horo" class, who regarded their occu
pation as degrading; and tho disgust
of lngomar nt tho plow nnd harrow was
only equaled by his glorying in tho
wielding of a good sword and deods of
dash and daring.
Hut with tho raising of crops camo
the necessity of protecting thom from
depredations of tho Hooks and bonis of
tho "stockmen," ard those lattor boing
tho dominant class by reason of thoir
nuinlKjrs, aud as thoy arrogated to thom
solves about all tho respectability of that
day, it will bo readily perceived that for
theso "lords of creation" to restrain their
herds from preying upon tho crops of
tho poor miserable farmor was not to be
thought of. "Let him protect his crops
us best ho can. if ho will plant why
should we regard him ns having nny
rights in the matter." And tho llrst
agrioulturUt of a tuition, weak and de
spised, submitted to the domineering
huntsman and tho "festive cow boy,''
and barricaded his liolds "horse high.
bull strong, anil pig tight."
We of this day and ago boast of our
"progress," of our "civilization," tind
our "enlighttnuient!" yet we suffer a
condition of degraded barbarism to re
main in force that has followed us from
tho first inception of primitive agricul
ture. Had tho toil tiller been in power in
tho beginning, as he is now, the condi
tions would undoubtedly boon reversed,
and domestic animals would liavo been
fenced in, instead of crops, and no more
preposterous proposition could now
have been put forth than tho farmer
should bo compelled by law to fence his
crops to keep out other people's animals.
"These animals belong to you," would
lmvo been tho agroemont of the prime
val Granger had ho been iu power;
"they aro sololy for your bohoof and
benefit; you liavo no moro right to tres
paes on mo through them than your
self personally;" nnd tho agricultur
ist would liavo mado a "no fenco law,"
and tho courts have cornpollod tho
"stockman" to respoot it.
Now, wo nro boasting of our national
cirilizntion, our education, our enlight
enment, etc., otc, and no bragging In
dian bravo over tooted his horn longor
or louder in his own solf-grorification
than wo aro doing overy day. "Wo aro
great in area, great in rivors, great in
mountains, groat in brains" (I) and we
excel ull tho world in mechanical inven
tion, scientific discovery, products of
initio, and field, and forest, water power,
railroads, postal nnd telegraph Bystems,
otc, etc. ; and brag about theso things
"cum libitum ail nauscaum," without
stint or modesty ; whilo our country,
wherever inhabited by our superior raco,
is a chcckorcd notwork of oxpensivoand
unsightly barricades to keep pcoplo from
quarreling. Tho savage Indian will not
steal from his tribe, nor will ho know
ingly allow his ponies to trespass upon
their potches of cultivated ground. Wo
liavo adopted tobacco from tho Indian,
would it not bo wiso to ornulnto sotno
of his virtues as woll?
Tho practical fact is Hint our system
of fencing and fenco laws aro exactly
wrong end foremost, and suitnblo only
for a sotni civilized ncoplo of nomadic
herdsmen inhabiting n spnrsoly settled
country whoro tho "cow-boy" reigns sup-
romo. Hut in nn agricultural country,
whoro n fco simple tltlo to laud is ob
tainable, whero permanent houses aro
built, whoro fields, and roads, and school
houses, nnd poBt offices, and mills, and
villages, and towns, nro established in
stitutions of tho community, tho idea
I that ouo is cornpollod by law to barri
icadoout his neighbor's domestic ani
j mals, is tho most preposterous absurdity
imaginnblo. This condition of afi'nirs
among a people calling thonisclvcs "civ
ilized," would bo rcdiculous in tho ox-
t renin, wero u not mat it is sucu an in
convenient and expensivo reality, nnd n
pcoplo aro not inclined to laugh nt their
own foolishness.
Ono of the greatest hindrances to tho
prosperity of a country (Oregon espe
cially) is this everlasting troublo nnd cx
ponso of fences. Say an emigrant comos
horo from Gormnny, or Frnnco, or nny
other country which hns outgrown its
nomndic anc, to eettlo on Inud and build
a homo and farm in Oregon. Ho finds
that beforo ho can raiso uud harvest a
crop ho must expend moro than his
hind is worth in building fences to pro
tect his crops from tho domostic animals
of others. Ho also finds that whilo tho
law and publio opinion protect bis crops
from spoliation by tho human animal,
no such protection obtains from tho do
mestic one. That while his neighbor
may not legally outer personally into
his fiolds and curry away his crops, yet
through his domestic animals ho may
freely do so unless ho barricades them
out, and tho laws roquiro theso bar
ricades to bo "horso high, bull strong,
nnd pig t'ght." And if any ono chooses
to remove domestic animals from ono
part of tho country to nriother ho must
barricade his lnnd for his own security
nnd the other's accommodation. Xot
seeing any good reason why ono person
is allowed, by our law, to trospass upon
another by proxy but not in person, is
it nny wonder that ho is soinowhat dis
gusted with our way of doing things,
nnd thinks tho ways of his mother
country nro tho best?
Tho practical fact is, that ono person
bus, morally, no moro tight to trespass
upon another through tho agency of bis
domestic animals than personally. If
ono chooses to keop such animals for. his
use nnd benofit, ho should bo required
to rest ndu them within proper bounds,
and should bo nnswerablo for nny tres
pass committed by them. Tho majority
of peoelo recognise the correctness and
justice of this principle, but to procure
action upon it generally laws are re
quired to coerce tho minority.
It may bo nskod, why then, if this is
thus, too people gonenuly linvo not rec
ognized tho fact and acted upon it. I
reply, that wo were losers under this com
pulsory fenco system, aro habituated to
it, and have never hnd cxperienco in
any other, and nro like a horso who
stands patiently tied by a slender halter
strap, not tealizing how easily he enn
break it if be tried. Let us onco adopt
and become accustomed to a no fenco sys
tem, every one being required to tcstrain
his animals from trespass tho samo as
himself, and no greater impetus could
bo given to tho prosperity of our Sta.o,
and not one person in ton would ever
agree to return to the old way, and boys
aro now in school who will live to won
der how thoir fathers endured the pres
ent system so long as they did, and a
proposition to rotu to tho prcsont
compulsory systom would bo regarded
not only as preposterous but as a viola
tion of tho natural right of tho pooplo.
Iiut howover much tho pcoplo may
recognize tho truth of what is hero sta
ted, nothing can be dono towards n bet
ter system oxcept through tho Legisla
ture, and it is not likely to chnngo ox
isting laws unless tho pooplo, who nro to
bo benefited, nsk for such n change, and
ovon thon we cannot expect to tako so
long n stride, oven in so right a direc
tion as to obtain n no fonco lnw, for wo
all know how slowly a pcoplo forsake
"tho traditions of their fathers." But a
step may bo had for the asking. If our
incoming Legislature will extend to us
of Western Oregon tho Eastern Oregon
fenco lnw, it will bo something gained.
Tho Legislature will do this and moro if
tho pcoplo nsk it, and in tinio our com
pulsory fonco law "rolic of barbarism"
may bo rcmovod.
Tho pecuniary nnd social aspects of
this question may form tho subjects for
future articles. F. 8. Mattksox,
IMPORTANT NOTICE.
The importance of this notice lies in
tho fact (but wo lmvo sent out during
tho past week a statement of account
to cvory subscriber who is delinquent to
this paper. Wo nsk a prompt reply and
demnnd that all who aro in nrrcnrs pay
us what is due. Harvest is over and
all can nnd should pay thoir nowspnper
bills. Wo huvo had hard times and
assure our friends that wo can feci how
it is ourselves. Hut uovcrtholesa wo
must liavo our dues. Wo aro publish
ing n splendid paper and must liavo
money. Tlioso who nro paid up will
not tnko tiny notice of this domain), ns
it is intonded for those who owo us ono
your nnd especially tlioso who aro two
years and ovor in nrreara.
Aailroad Nursery, East Portland.
We liavo an advertisement of H. W.
Prettyman, who is proprietor of tho
Iluilroad nursery alluded to iu tho hoad-
ing of this paragraph. Wo found him
on Wedncsdny busily engoged nt tho
Mechanics' Pavilion, Portland, preparing
his exhibit, which occupies tho north
west corner of tho room dovotcd to agri
cultural aud horticultural products. Ho
showed us samples of nursery troes of
different ages nnd of many vnriotics of
fruits. It is probablo that ho will tnnko
tho finest showing in that lino ovor
mado by nny man nt any Mechanics'
Fair. Wo can say for him that wo hnvo
set out 2,000 trees of his growing that
havo proved valuablo, and woro well
treated in tho nursery. Ho makes a
rulo never to soml to u customer n treo
that is not up to his own idea of excel
lence. A friend onco ordered trcoi early
in April, nnd wo gnvo tho ordor to Mr.
Prettyman, who declined to fill it, bo
cuute tho season being unusually dry ho
did not believe any man should' plant
trccn that late, this, too, when tho man
ordering tho trees was willing to plnnt
thom. Wo huvo groat confidonco in
our Oregon nurserymen who ndvcrliso
in tho Faumi'.ii, and know them to bo
reliable.
Negotiations nro still pending botweon
tho 0. R. & N. Co. nnd Union Pacific
toward making a lease.
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