i
VOL. XVIII.
SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY, JULY 2 1886.
NO. 31.
OREGON PIONEER HISTORY.
.SKETCHES OF EARLY DATS.- MEN AN
TIMES IK THE FORTIES.
BY S. A CLARKE. S
Copyright pplled (or. All right retened.
NUMBER XXIV.
John Dunn's Views. Concludod.
Mr. Dunn goes through ninny and
-varied oxporionccs on tho far north const,
but that is not Oregon and wo will not
follow him. It appears from nil writers
that tho north const savages wcro fnr
jnoro dangerous and hnd nioro barbar
ous prncticos than tho Indians had on
tho Columbin. Many of Dunn'a exper
iencos would bo woll worth alluding to
if thoy camo within tho scopo of Orogon
history ; but thoy do not. Ho concludes
his book with a roviow of British and
American claims to Orogon territory
and a notico of somo of tho tribes of our
section. As history will demand somo
account of tho Indian raco that prccodod
tho civilized era in this rogton, I will
notico -what ho says of many of theso
tribes as thoy thon lived.
Tho Flat Heads woro "very fair in
comploxion and remarkably well inndo
jind nctivo; with oval faces and mild
and ploasant expressions of coun
tenance" "Collectively, as well as in
dividually, as moral and honest in their
dealings bravo in tho field amcnablo
to their chiof fond of cleanliness and
decided enemies of theft and falsehood."
'"Tho womon nro dutiful und nfTcctionato
as wives, mothors und conjugal infideli
ty is ecnrcolr known among them."
Tho horcdiUry chiof rules tho tribo and
previous to ovory campaign thoy elect a
war chiof who leads in battlo and is last
in retreat His rulo is arbitrary until
tho campaign is over. This tribo rnroly
niarriosjout of their own nation, and
thoir womon seldom marry whlto mon.
Thoy nro polito and vorydovotionnl and
keep tho Sabbnth day invioluto and n
part is spent in piayer and religious
ceremonies.
Tho devotional feeling also provailod
among tho Nez Perccs and other mid
land tribes. Many points of similarity
oxiit among them. Tho Noz Feroos
boliovod that beavers wero onco u raco
of Indians that had fallen. They aro
moral and honest and boliovo very
ration ally in a futuro stnto of happiness
and misery.
Tho Blackfoet wcro n fiorco pcoplo
and mountain mon callod them vory
fionilish, but Dunn thinks thorn better
than painted. Thoy woro austcro and
hauty. Thoy charged tho Americans
with winning freedom for themselves
and giving tho Indians burning liquor
to mako them mad find enemies to each
othor.
Tho Snakos ombracod many tribes
and wero migratory. Thoy wero pacific
and hospitable as a raco, and honest.
Thoy refused spirituous liquors from
great motives, knowing that to use it
mado them unkind to wifo and children.
Tcter Skoon Ogden, a chief factor of
long oxporienco, told tho following as
truo of many of tho inland tribos, as a
custom of initiatory probation for tho
young men, in tho arts of pillago and
war. When of ago to bear arms and to
bo UBeful thoy assemble thirty to fifty in
a band, in tho spring, and taking formal
leavo of friends, depart to somo secret
placo in tho woodland, whoro thoy build
a largo tent of long polos covered with
boughs so as to be imporvious to human
vision. Tho outside is hung with vari
ous articles, and tho whole elands until
it falls by time, as it is considered a
sacred monument. After fasting- and
supplication thero for throo days they
all Eally forth to seek somo enemy to
flash their maiden weapon on, and can
not go on to their proper homo until
soma act is performed tliat dedicates
them to tho god of war. Tho, threo
days of , .fasting and religious incanta
tions serves to infurato if not to onthuso
hem, and they imagine they receive
messages und messengers from tho
spirit land.
Mr. Dunn stands out as a representa
tive Briton, and no doubt thero woro
many such, who opposed, and even bit
terly condomncd tho courso of Dr.
McLougnlin as encouraging American
immigration. Looking back on tho past
wo nro impelled to inquire: What
could thoso immigrants havo dono if
tho Hudson Day Company had let them
alone? Not that they should havo op
posod such immigration, or ovon havo
rofuscd it business fnvors ; but simply
asking what could thoy havo dono with
out tho notunl favors conferred ?
MoLoughlin lot thorn havo goods as
thoy landed in Oregon, footsoro nnd poor
nud without n homo or nn ncro of land,
and said : " Pay mo when you grow
wheat" This liberality was without
example Ho actually sold them goods
choapcr than thoy had purchased thorn
in Missouri. This fact was stated in a
loiter, now boforo mo, written by Jcsso
Loonoy to his relative, W. C. Bond, as
ho tells him not to bring any surplus
goods along, bocauso ho can buy them
chcapor horc. That fact we havo novor
understood before, and it is an import
ant one.
Reminiscences of Dr. Elijah White.
In tho year 1830, Dr. Elijah Whlto
and his family ombarkod at Boston for
tho Columbia river, as physician in con
nection with tho M. E. mission to Oro
gon. As ho neglects to givo dntos and
only incidentally montions that this oc
currdd after tho great flro in Now York
in 1830, wo can only say that thoy wont
in tho Bhip Hamilton, Captain S. Barkor.
Tho mission party consisted of Mr;.
Alanson Deere, blacksmith, and wife;
Mr. W. II. Wilson, a carpenter; Dr. and
Mrs. White, Miss Downing, Miss Pit
man and Miss Johnson. Miss Downing
was already ongaged to Mr. Shepherd,
who was at work in Oregon. Miss Pit
man afterwards married Ho v. Jason Lee,
also a missionary in Oregon. Thoy
reachod Astoria after various expori-
oncos, took boats for tho uppor Colum
bia, and woro kindly entertained by Dr.
McLoughlin at Fort Vancouver, whero
thoy found thriving orchards and gar
dens, to their surpriso nnd satisfaction,
Mr. Jason Leo mot them thero and was
introduced to his intcudod brido, Mies'
Pitman, for tho first time.
After a tedious canoo riJo of seventy-
five or eighty miles up tho river, thoy
reached tho old mission on French
pruirio, whoro Miss Downing found Mr.
Shopherd, her intended htiHband, in u
brown linou frock, doing housowork.
Ho was caught unawares it seems. Tho
doublo wedding took placo soon aftor,
but tho marriages wero not auspicious,
as will appoar.
Dr. Whlto bad a rough oxporienco
soon aftor, in trying to mako his way by
a now routo from Oregon City to Cham
poeg. Ho was directed by Bomo one
who know nnd started to find his way,
and, of course, got lost. Ho expected
to got homo that night, and should havo
dono so, only ho becamo bewildered in
tho wilderness. At night ho tied tho
pony and climbed a tree, tying himself
to tho branches, and remained tlioro
until numbed and chillod, sovcral hours.
Ho could hardly rovivo tho deadened
circulation. It was still dark and wild
animals' cries varied tho monotony. Ho
trioJ to retraco his steps, and six hours
brought him to his first starting point
Waiting thoro ho saw a canoo around
the point and it proved to be a neigh
bor, Mrs. Illako and a half Indian boy,
her nephew. By their assistance ho
reachod home. In thoso days coyotes
howled around the house frightfully for
tho situation was a lonely one. Ono day
when he was out lato the wolves mado
such a terrible noise that Mrs. White
took tho hired mon and went out to
meet him. They found tho doctor up a
large treo surrounded by howling
coyotes.
In the spring of 1838 Thomas J. Hub-1
bard wont a second time to California
after stock, and twenty other men for
company. In throo wcoks word came
that they woro killed by tho Shasta In
dians. Ono nay thoy heard guns firing
across tho river and found nearly all tho
party returned. They had been defeat
ed by tho savages, driven to tho moun
tains, and somo woro badly wounded.
Mrs. Leo's death occurred in 1838, hard
ly a yoar after her arrival. Mr. Shep
herd died soon aftor. So tho two mnr
ringos proved inauspicious, because both
wcro so soon dissolved by death. Mrs.
White had n tcrriblo adventuro when
absont to tho Dalles on a visit without
her husband. Tho boat was upset at tho
Cascades on thoir return as thoy woro
following tho oxnmplo of somo 'Indians
in running tho rapids Booncr than thoy
ought. Mrs. Whito wan saved, her littlo
babo was drownod and tho body found
under tho boat Sho wai in company
with Mrs. Lcslto, who fortunately caught
her and hold her until Indians camo to
thoir rcscuo, though thoy floated n long
way, clinging desporately to tho capsized
boat Thoy lost muoh valuablo stuff
that -was inj tho boat Tho chief threw
his blankot over her shouldor and did
all ho possibly could for their comfort
until thoy reached Vancouver, whoro
Mr. Douglass showed thorn every atten
tion. Theso facts show tho vicissitudes
tho missionaries encountered in their
work at that early period.
An Incident is told that Dr. Whito was
called in haste to provont burying n
woman aiivo. Tho deed was so thor
oughly dono beforo his arrival that ho
could not render aid to bring her to life
It rooms that a young lady diod nud her
mother throw hersolf on tho corpse, do
mantling to dio with it Husband nnd
children woro all gono sho said, and nsk-
cd to bo buriod with tho last ono of hor
family. With all possiblo stoicism tho
tribe complied and placed tho two in
tho gravo together, and filled tho onrth
in over thorn. ' This story was interrupt
ed by nows of tho death of Ooorge, a
young boy, adopted son of Dr. hnd Mrs.
White, who was drowned in crossing the
Willamette.
About this timo Doctor Bailey, bo long
and favorably known in pioneer days as
connected with tho Hudson liny Com
pany, wan married to Miss Smith of tho
mission. Ho had oxperioncod n varied
career. Ho watt-Knglish and woll bornj
had received an Vtcptionnlly good ed
ucation in his profession, but had a tcr
riblo thirst for spirits. To euro thiH
ho wont to sen and thus reachod tho
Pacific. At Sn Francisco ho joined a
party coming ovorland for Orogon on a
trapping excursion. It was probably
tho Jedediah Smith expedition. Thoy
woro attackod by tho Boguo Ilivcrs and
Umpquas, most of thorn killed and Mr.
Uailoy was wounded. Tho threo or four
who survived journoyed four hundred
miles ovor mountains and through wild
erness, and whilo Smith and Turner
pushed on to Vancouvor, Bailoy went
toward tho mission. Ho related that
thoy killed thoir only horso for food nnd
lived on snails and insects. When op
posito tho mission ho was. so weak and
emaciated that ho could no swim. Ho
triod, and camo back to tho same thoro
by a wonderful providence ho was dis
covered and carried to tho' mission,
whero ho was so kindly treated that ho
could scarcely find words to tell of it
Ho finally recovered under medical
treatment at Vancouver, whero ho re
mained for somo time after. 'Tho highly
educated Englishman, when woll enough
to work, tried rail-splitting and wood
catting, which was not suited to his
strongth. He returned to California
with Ewlng Young about 18-10-1, on an
expedition to buy cattle. Returning to
Orogon again, Dr. Whito met him, and
being interested to seo that ho was well
educated, proposed to him to enter his
office and renow his medical studies.
This he did, and won great ronown dur
ing along experience as a practicing
physician at Oregon City. Ho again ro-
nowed his correspondence with his fam
ily and married Miss Smith. Dr. Bailey
was elected one of throo oxecutlvo com
mitteo in the first nttompt at self-government.
Jedediah Smith, who wan asso
ciated with Cup tain Sublotto in tho fur
trndo, was head of tho company tho In
dinns murdered in tho Umpqua. Ono of
threo saved was John Turner, a man of
adventures, and it was said ho savod tho
others by seizing a pino knot, in absouco
of gun,nnd, liko Sampson and Hor-
cities combined, played such fury nnd
havoc among tho Umpquas that thoy
wero glad to leavo thorn nlono. Turner
is said to havo afterwards found an In
dinn wifo nnd lived hormet-liko noar tho
settlement, associating but littlo with
men.
Fruit Growers Meeting.
Portland, Or., Juno 28, 1880.
Editor WitUmf tto Farmer
Tho next regular mooting of tho North
Pnoitlo Fruit Growers' Association will
bo held nt tho Council Chamber, in
Portland, on Tuosday July Oth, nt 10
A. M., 1 and 7 P. M. Tho usual reduc
tion of faros on cast and west sido rail
roads. Add reason by prominent fruit
mon. All aro caruostly invited to at
tend. A. F. MitxKit, Soc.
Registered Berkshire Hoc for Btle,
Wo havo or salo n Borkshiro boar.
Ho is by llegiHtorod Block, nud a choico
animal. Will Bell for cash or approved
security. Address at onco :
W. J. CI.A11KK,
Salem, Or.
Tho annual catalogue of tho State
University is beforo us. For informa
tion regarding frco scholarship address
Hon. J. J. Walton, Eugcno City, Orogon.
INTERESTING ITEMS.
God sends Hit rain upon tho just and
tho unjust alike, and Ho makos His
seasons tho same for all mon ; but tem
pered drought and lesscnod flood, car
lier spring and later fall has tho man
with n well-drained farm.
A weed gonu to food in tho garden U
a speaking evil Unit cannot ho stayed at
onco. In in increased magnitude it
must bo fought and not a wholo your will
conquer it. It is belter to miss the
morning -nap than to allow ouo weed
to mature.
Not ono farmer
enouuh largo and
in a
small
hundred has
fruit on his
place not oven onough to supply tho
wants of his own family. But it is safe
to say that thoy who havo an abund
anco appreciate its worth, and aro both
hoalthior and happior by its uso.
Tho quicker a radish can bo grown,
tho swoetor and tenderer It will bo. Usu
ally tho early sowings aro tho bost, and
tho seed may bo sown as soon as tho
ground can bo worked. Wcll-rottcd
chip dirt is tho best fertilizer for rad
ishes Also apply supor-phosphato.
As a rulo the sizo of the seed will in
dicate tho depth to plant it, starting
with tho smallest at ono-half of an inch,
such as celery, parsnips, etc.; whilo pens
and beans may bo put in ono and ono-half
inches deep.
Short and stocky cabbago plants aro
tho best, but if you havo none- except
long legged, Bpindling plants, thoy may
dr well enough if planted doopund cov
ered up to tho heart. Go ovor tho patch
ovory morning for a weok after planting
to hunt up and dispatch tho grubs. Ito
placo tho destroyed plunts promptly.
"Tillago manure," is an nxium oc
ccptod as truo by our best farmers, and
it is also admitted by them that this till-
ago can Do dono too bost nnu cucajwsi
boforo tho crop is planted, rather thun
after. A lister can do but littlo towards
giving the soil the requisite pulverizing
that is needed to reduce it to a condi
tion that the plant food will bo rendcrod
tillable i
NO DUTt ON WOOL. r
There is n strong fooling in Congress
for reforming tho tariff on tho ground,
especially, of admitting frco of duty
nearly nil raw material needed in Am
erican manufactures. As to wool, tho
claim of woolon goods makers' is, that
thoy cannot compete in tho world's mar
ket with any othor manufacturing na
tion bocauso thoy need coarso ,nnd fine
wools to mix with our valuablo medium
grades, to manufacture goods that .the
world will buy of them. Our wool
growers produco tho most noccssary
grades of medium wools, got by breed
ing our common Hocks with tho merino.
This is tiik wool of commerce but man
ufacturers also require very coarse wool,
such ns como from tho Capo and South
America, and vory fino wools, sucji as
como from Australia, to mako tho sorts
of goods nocded for their export trade.
Thoso fino and coarso wools of foroign
growth and product thoy must mix with
our wools to socuro tho grado of woolon
goods thoy would liko to make. Thoy
hold that tho duty on wool is inopora
tivo as to our homo wools, bocauso no
such woele aro imported to any great
oxtont Tho duty simply applloytby
say on tho wools our wool growers do
not raiso and have no intcrost in. To
tako this duty off will onablo manufac
turers in tho United States to tako ad
vantage of their suporior machinery
and open tho world's markets to them,
which tho prosont duty sorves to pre
vent It is woll enough to toko a fair
viow of this quostiou and not bo eolflsh
or arbitrary. If American woolon man
ufacturers aro thus hampered by a tnrifl'
that does not really favor our wool
growers, then their argument is conclu
sive. Wo hear of a good prico paid for
wool this season, quite bettor than was
paid in 1885. Tho wool growor has, as
it is, a decidod advnntngo over all other
producer, not excepting stockmen gen
erally. Ho finds, ovon at thn reduced
prico of shcop and wool, more profit in
Ids Hocks nnd fleocos than the farmer or
tho stockman outsido of his business
can command. It Is, of courso, unpop
ular, (and porhnp it may bo unwise)
to take any fair viow of a subject if it
does not coincide with one's patrons
views or ideas. But having watched
tho indications wo expect to seo tho duty
nu wool romovod, in wholo or part, in
the interest of tho woolen manufactur-
era of tho United States. Thoy aro
numeKHiH, persistent, cnorgotic, and in
fluential; havo bcou so long and no
actively at work ond mako so serious a
showing ia favor of protecting homo
manufacturers, that Congress may take
action accordingly.
Slnco tho foregoing was written tho
congressional news staton that Wm. D.
Kelly will bring in his tariff bill soon
fixing a considerable duty on wool and
woolen goods. Kelly roprosonts tho
"protective" idoa, while Morrison is tho
oxponont of " frco trade" It is possiblo
that botwoou tho two nothing will bo
dono, but it is moro probable that Con
gross will reduce tho duty on wool that
that it will receive additional protection.
Redaction to 0. A. R. over the Oregon Ftclflc-
Tlio Oregon Pacific railroud and Oro
gon Development companies havo issued
a circular giving round trip ticket rates
from tho principal points in Westoru
Oregon to San Francisco and return for
tho grand encampment meeting. Theso
rates aro oxtremoly low and extended
only to members of tho G, A. It. and
their familios, and moinbora of tho Wo
man's relief corps. Faro from Corvallis
or Yaqnina to San Francisco and re
turn, $1(5. If over 125 go a rebuto of $2
on each full ticket will bo given, thus
reducing tho round trip rate to '$1-1.
Theso rates can bo obtained at tho com-
punys station in Corvallis upon presen
tation of proper certificates, for which
apply to your post commander,
Fort'e squirrel poiron is tho best. ..
Vxn