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VOL..XVIII.
OREGON PIONEER HISTORY.
SKETCHES OF EARLY DAYS. MEN AND
TIMES IN THE FORTIE3.
nV S. A CLAIlKE
Copjrlelit nillf 1 (or. All rljhti rciervod.
xt'.Min:u xvm.
C&Kcado Massacre- Concluded from Last WooU.
At tlio smno titno the nttnek wns mndo
on Bush's nnd Bradford's, mi assault wns
attempted on tho Htcamoi' Mury. Sho
wns tied up nbout four hundred yards
abovo Bradford's, The firornnn, Hardin
Chonowcth, hnd just tilled tho boilor
with cold wntor whon tho Indians wcro
scon running townrda her, firing ns thoy
cnuio nt difioront mon who hnd cntight
tho nowij und wcro fleeing townnls tho
lont. All of them rocoived wounds Hint
wcro moro or less sorious. Buckministor,
tho engineer, had no Ilrcnrms hut n
common fivo-shooting pistol. This ho
brought to bear on (ho Indians, who by
this tinio hnd readied tho gang-plank
and wcro riiBhing aboard. It was very
oloso quarters, but tho fivo-shootcr drovo
thorn back mul kopt them back until
Hardin Chonowcth split up tho hatch
door and got up steam. James Lindsay,
nnothor flroman, whilo trying to push
tho boat off, was shot through tho
khouldcr. Capt. Dan. Ilaughman and
James Thompson, tho mato, wontashoro
to looso tho lines. This thoy accomplish
ed, hut tho firo o( tho Indians was now
so iucossnnt that, having no firearms,
thoy ran for tho woods mul fortunately
escaped. A colorod man namod Dick
Turpi n had tho only gun. II wn nithor
shot and thon fell overboard into Uio
river and drifted away, or through fright
jumped into tho river, hoping to escape,
and was drowned. A twelve year-old
boy named Johnny (Jliunoo got hold of
an old horso-pistol ; loading this ho
climbed to tho hurrieano deck and shot
an Indian with it. In turn tho bravo
follow got n shot in tho leg. Jcsso Bomp
ton and a half-breed mimed Bourbon
both got on board tho Mary. Bourbon
died on tho boat. Having by this timo
rnisoda littlo steam, tho cugincor start-
od tho wlicols and sot hor in motion.
Hardin Chcnowoth was tho hero of tho
attempt. Ho climbed to tho hurrieano
dock, a shower of bullets hurling around
him, gained tho pilot housa without any
injury, thon laid down on his back and
turned tho wheel as the onginoordircctcd.
That soon took them out into tho foam
ing water.
For some time thoy had not enough
steam to mnko headway, but hold thoir
own against tho current. As stoam in
creased thoy woro soon ablo to toot tho
steam whistle, which causod a joyful
cheer in tho bclcaguerod houses on tho
shore On her way up tho chuto sho
stoppod and took on board Jim Her
mans, Woodward and a Mr. Thompson,
-then crossed tho river to tho Oregon
sido, and "wooded up" by using Mrs.
Atwoll's rails. Tho stoamor Wasco also
lay thoro. Tho two boats wero got un
der way and took on board all citizens
who wanted to go to Tho Dalles. A Mr.
Iman lived a quarter of a milo above
whoro tho steamar Mary was moored.
Ho saw tho attack on Bradford's, and
with tho courago of a good man ran oat
to whero two mon woro chopping for
him Mr. Gilo and a Mr. John Givons
and informed them of tho danger. Tho
thrco returned, carried up wator, cut
port holes and mado preparations to
tight. On tho Indians making their ap-
poarance, Iman shot onoof them. Thoy
concluded to cross tho river and did so,
taking tho sick wife of Mr. Iman, two
children and an old lady that was stay
ing thcro named Kiel, a sister-in-law of
"Dr. Kiel, of Aurora. We saw them from
Bradford's. The wind was vory high,
and tho wind blew very hard down
stream. Wo expected every moment to
ec tho boat swamp, and all on board of
it drown. They woro 6een from the other
SALEM,
sido and n boat was sent to keep them
from tho Oregon sido.
Shcpurd, who lived about a milo
farther up, saw tho battlo raging nt
Bradford's. Ho took his wifo and chil
dren and crossed tho river in his boat.
Soon afterwards wo could soo from tho
Bradford'rt storo both tho housos thoso
of Iman and Shcpard, (favoured by
Haines. Thoy had escaped just in timo.
About a milo from Bradford'! at Mill
creek, was tho saw mill of tho company,
whoro a half dozon men woro at work,
also James Wntkins, a splendid littlo
boy, who was driving the team. All
theso woro killed. A Mr. Brown, who
livod at tho mill, had been married only
a low wcoks Dcforo that tunc. Sho
escaped somohow, and almost reached
Bradford's. Her body was found nenr
tho store, pierced through by an Indian
spenr. Sho was strippod, and her hair
was shorn ofT by tho murderer, who was
afterwords found and killod by tho
soldiers. Thoy found her hair with him,
and ho hold a bloody spear. Ho also had
a keg of whiskey ho had c.npturod some
how and was quito drunk when found.
Ho was very desirous that tho Foldicrs
should holp him empty the l:cg, but
whon thoy satisliod thomsclvos that ho
was tho miscreant who -slow Mrs. Brown
thoy gavo him n saluto of lead that
scttlod hisfntoaltogcthor too respectably.
His head was out ofT and Btuck on a
snag whoro it was loft until carrion
birds carried it off. Mrs. Brown was n
pretty littlo Gorman girl, a nicco of Dr.
Kiel's, of Aurora.
Tho second dny came and tho Indians
renewed tho attack on tho storo, with
efforts to burn in out. Thoy often had
tho roof in a bliizo and as often wo would
put it out. The Indians did not bother
us very much at night, owing, I presumo,
to their superstition. Soiuo of them
would slip to tho edgo of tho bank and
shoot arrows at tho windows, bocauso
they gnvo no indication of tho direction
thoy came from. In the morning
thu window casing would bo stuck full
of arrows and many wero insido tho
homo. Hut instead of watching nut of
tho windows wo had ort-holes besido
them, for fear thoy might think wo woro
standing nt tho wind ws nnd shoot there.
Somehow we didn't get vory much
hungry. I nover heard any ono growl
for tho wholo threo days about dinner
not being rcadr, nor supper nor break
fast either. Some of tho boys pitched
into tho nln and drank enough to quonch
their thirst, but thero woro only a fow
bottles of that. As night approached wo
begun to expect the stcamor to return
with relief, but uono hovo in sight, so wo
wcro doomod for another night.
Just aftor dark, tho second day, they
fired Bush's house, which mado ovory-
thing as light as day all around us. Our
vigilance was doublod, for wo expected
somo now ideas had struck thorn and in
what direction it would como on us wo
wcro at a loss to know. All tho firearms
I had was nn old rovolver. Tho cylinder
would not rovolvo of itself, so I had to
turn it as I ompted tho chambors, by my
hand. What guns wo had woro in tho
hnnda of mighty good men ; thoy weren't
afraid to stick their snoots to a port-hole
to look out for au Indian for fear of
getting thorn shot ofl'. A fow of that
kind of mon go a long way in that kind
of a scrape. By tho socond night wo
woro somewhat dosparinc of tho Mary's
return and tho Wasco. But tho night
passed without any unusual danger, as
tho proceding ono had. Tho third morn
ing, however, brought a beautiful Bight,
for early in tho day wo saw tho two
6teamcrs Mary and Wasco, and n Inrgo
scow towed by them, all loaded with
soldiers, citizens and horses. As thoy
camo sweeping around Wind rivor
mountain, ton miles distant, then wo
shoutod that hideous yell that no ono
over hoard who has not been on tho
battlo Hold.
The Mary wns soon at her old landing
place. The Indians fired rapidly into
OREGON, FRIDAY,
tho crowded boat from the thick timber,
not over a hundred yards distant. It
was wondorful that many wero not kill
ed and wounded. Probably thoy woro
too excited to tako any aim. Tho boat
soon unloaded its froight of cit.ons and
soldiors, who began fighting and follow
ing up with a bravo churgo that soon
sent tho savages (lying.
When tho Indians woro all routed
The Dalles pooplo camo running to tho
house to soo who wero dead and who
wero living, for thoy know every ono of
us. At that timo tho population was not
so numerous and tho pooplo in tho
upper country .voro all nioro or less ac
quainted with each other. Thou the
doors wcro unbolted nnd bars takon
down for tho first timo in several days.
Whon thoy camo in it was liko a big re
vival meeting. I don't know that I over
felt bo good, before or ninco that timo.
All ho ivst scorned to enjoy tho good
timo as well as I did. It was a mighty
rejoicing, you may well boliovoj but thon
I don't earo for any more for it. A littlo
of that kind will furnish spico for nu
ordinary lifetime. After tho soldiers had
scoured tho woods in all directions, nnd
especially round tho house, wo started
down tho wagon-road for tho block-house.
At tho middfa landing, iv friend of
mine from Tho Dalles gavomohiH gun,
ho keeping his heavy rovolver. Six of
us started down tho railroad track for
tho middle Inuding, getting thero it littlo
in ndvanco of tho Boldicrs, to find a most
distressing sight. Thero wob n boy, boh
of Mr. Kiol, who had been shot and his
brains wcro beaten out with rocks. A
soldior had been killed whilo outgotting
wood. Ho was hung up and wood piled
around him, preparatory to burning him.
Mr. Gcorgo Griswold was shot (load;
Flotcher Murphy was wouudod in tho
arm. H. Kiol, n German, a brother of
II. Kiel, Mr. MolTat, 1'. Snooks, and Miss
Snooks now Mrs. Bcllion, had n littlo
strip of hair cut abovo tho ear by a bullet.
Wo thon wont to Palmer's store, undor
tho hill, nnd found tho door fast, but
full of bullet holes. Wo went around
tho hotiso and found in the middle of
tho house, under tho lloor, a keg of pow
der, with a trail of powder renching to
the door. Thoy placed a box of
littlo coins directly on thu keg of powder.
They expected tho Indians to break into
tho store nnd crowd round the money
box, when they intended to touch oil'
tho Miwdur and blow tho crowd of In
dians to their happy hunting or fishing
grounds.
But during the ovuning other housso
wero fired around tho neighborhood, nnd
tho light of thoso blazing buildingH hept
tho back in tho woods, out of sight and
out of roach of tho besieged guns. So
tho two Palmer boys crawled along tho
odgo of tho water to tho Indian dead
houses, nnd thorn took to tho woods.
Thoy know that no Indian would fool
about n doadhouso at night. So thoy
oscnpod to Capo Horn mountain, where
the stoambont picked thorn up. Wo
waited at Palmer's until the soldiers nil
camo up, when wo Htarted for tho lower
landing. Tho six of us kopt thirty or
forty yards in ndvanco of tho soldiors
until wo camo opposite to Bradford's
islund. The road followed tho water's
edgo to this place, then turned up tho
hill and camo out on a level prairio nt
Chonowcth's farm. But just hero Phil
Sheridan demanded our attention by
shouting to us from across tho rivor.
Wo had not seen him up to his culling
to us. Tho river is vory rapid hero und
keeps up a continued roaring liko tho
sound of tho breakers; so wo could not
tell what was said by .Sheridan or his
men.
Thero wero about two hundred In
dians on thin Chenoweth prairie. Most
of them wcro hallooing back to Phil and
his men. Wo also shouted at him, but
wo being under tho hill the Indians
could not distinguish our voices from
thoso of Sherdian'H mon across tho river.
Nor could we tell tho' difference betwoen J
MAY 21, 1880.
tho voices from across tho rivor and tho
Indians abovo uh on this side. Which
wcro tho most completely surprisod, our
men or tho Indians, I don't know. Tho
first thing that tho soldiers did was to
sound tho buglo when thcro was a grand
rush for tho top of tho hill. After re
covering from our surpriso wo took a
flying trip down tho prairio whero wo
saw nu Indian in a stooping position
with gun in hand. Quick at thought
we turnod our rilles loosu on him and
ho was no nioro a warlike savaga but
suddenly became a ''good Indian." Tho
infantry ilred suvoral volloys into tho
woods, then charged through tho timbor.
Thoy had ono man killed. The dragoons
wero of but littlo use.
Whon wo got to tho lower landing wo
found nbout 1)00 mon thoro. Thoy had
mado sovcrul attempts to como to our
rescue at tho upper landing, and got
Hovornl of their men killed nnd wounded.
Hero I took tho boat for home, having
had enough of that sort of life. It was
a docided variety from the dull routine
of n bridgo builder's life, to jump
suddouly into nu Indian fight and sco
men mid womon killed and mutilated,
but it is not necessary to one's huppi
ness to Hco such tilings. Following are
tho names of tho killed and wounded :
James Wntkins, Henry Hagnr, B. W.
Brown nnd wife, Gcorgo Griswold, Jnck
Kiol, Jacob White, James Sinclair,
Bourbon, Caldorwood, Dink Turpin,
throe V. S. Boldiors not known, Norman
Palmer and Jacob UoiibIi woro killod.
Those wounded wero : II. Kiel, Moffat,
Flotchor, Fletcher Murphy, John Chance,
Martin Balloy, James II. Elgin, Philip
Snooks, James Linsloy, Tom Pcarcc, I.
Kcmpton, Joseph Bobins and two U. S.
soldiors.
I gavo things as I saw them, says
Elgin.
Notk In Mr. Elgin's report of tho
Caendo war wo said that it was only
the Ynkimas who woro in thu fight.
Tho Cuscndo Indians assisted nnd n
numlicr of them wore afterwards con
victed nnd hung for participating in
that mufsnero. Enrrou.
STRAWBERRIES-TUB BEST.
Citosros, April 11. 1881!.
Kdltor WilUtiitttttt Kirmeri
I promised to Htntn in tho Kaiimimi
this spring how the plants had borne,
how thoy went through tho winter, ote.
Tho rihnrpless has on my stony clay
laud, passed through tho wintor bettor
than all others. Next to this is I he Mi
ner, Bidwell, and Finch's Prolific, the
Captain Jack, Diinman. Jersey Queen,
Princo of Borrics, Manchester, Old Iron
Clad, Glondalo, Cindoriallia, and War
ners Prolific, I shall disgnrd ns having
too many faults.
This Sharploss is not a wot weather
plant liko tho Bidwo'l, Minor nnd Finch's
Prolific, becnuso tho Htalks and berries
Ho on tho ground, rot and got dabbled
up with dirt. Tho Bidwoll is a splon
ded plant in u wet or dry Boason. Tho
berries grow among tho foliage, and aro
thus protected from tho ruin nnd scald
ing sun, so of tho Finch and Miner. Tho
Jucunda is, on stony clay laud, among
tho best. Tho Wilson and Jamos Vick
rusts in foliugo and havo too many
littlo ones. I put out 1,000 Manchester
and thoy aro nourly nil (load. They will
not pay on clay land. On sandy or a
loam thoy do better. But, with me, thoy
aro unworthy. All must experiment on
their own soils and locations for them
selves. No one, two, or half dozen straw
berries will suit all places, soils and
climates. As the mutter now stands
thu Shurpless, Bidwoll, Miner, Finch
and perhaps Cumborlund Triumph, aro
tho best on my stony clay land. Tho
Jucunda I iitill grow nnd will con
tinue td grow it. If I wuntod a vory
good homo berry and had any very rich
land, a fine loom I would tnko tho
Jersey Queen ; but for profit, not. The
enemies of tho strawberries aro increas
ing so fust, us birds, insects, etc., with
NO. 15,
too much rain, or too much sunshine,
woods, grass, ot cotra, that tho margin
of profits grow small, smaller, smallest,
and "beautifully less" ovcry year. How
ever, ns wo must live somo how, I sup
pose wo must fight lifo's battles bravoly,
and by intelligent labor win tho day.
Over production, or npoor market is our
greatest enemy. Things will, or must
rcgulato themselves. Too many fingors
in the pio tmoils it. I nm trying somo ot
tho nowcr kinds, uh tho Parry, Cornolia,
Jewell nnd others. Tho Parry in vino or
plant is a lino grower. Tho fruit I havo
not yet grown; but will know this
goason. Tho Cornolia is a poor grower;
but I will try nioro thoroughly this
season. Tho Jewell I havo on ttinl.
Tho plant, thus far, is among tho finest.
A now broom swoops clean, but I think
sometimes wo had bettor uso tho old
one n littlo longer. What our markot is
going to be thoso good Democratic times
I don't know. Democracy is not ft "king-cure-all"
by a long shoot. Tho horti
culturist, agriculturists and other
professions aro passing nn ordeal which
liko tho crucible, may soparnto tho flue
from tho coarse. I havo all my straw-
borrics plowed out nnd hoed over cloan.
They look woll, nro in blossoms; but the
future is sealed, nnd wo can only break
the seal by waiting. A. F. D.
Shall Wool bo Freo ot Duty. .
AUMHVIM.K, Or., April 20, 188(1.
Kdltor Willamette Vsrmeri
III tho Faiimkii of tho 2Ild iust. article
"shall wool bo freo of duty," you say, tho
making of wool free of customs will ro
il uco tho vuluo nearly a million dollars."
Wool mon may "coutomplato thoir pros
pect of loss with apprehension," but how
about tho othor ninotcon-twontioths of
tho peoplo? If tho wool mon nro now
taking a million ot dollnrs out of tho
pockets of tho Oregon pooplo and putting
it into thoir own, have wo who do not
raise wool, no rights whioh our law
mikors will respect? Shall tho nino
men of Oregon givo to tho othor ono a
mlllon of dollara for nothing? Becnuso
this is what tbn tarill' on wool means, if
it moans anything. "Figures don't Ho."
And in this, as in nil othor liko cubcb,
the tiirilV simply orealcH a forward class
who thus get mro than thoir shnro of
the earnings of the whole. All tho wool
a farmer rinses is so much olonr profit.
It doesn't cost him a cent, thu bIiooji
will pay their own way in othor ways :
und Unit wo should pay mon n hoavy
bonus to unable them to go ouUido of
Hcttlomnut to raises wool alono, is a con
founded imposition. That tho tariff is
to protect, or that it does protect Amori-
can labor, is n bald humbug. It is a tax
upon tho many for tho bonefit of the
fow. It has mado, and is still making,
tho rich richer, nnd tho poor pooror,
until labor is kicking "liko a bay stoor,"
all ovor tho country. That lalor is
making somo mistakes, thero is no
question, but that it will kick ofl' u
ortIoii at loast of its load, is probable;
and my sympathies nro with it. I can
but admiro its "grit," whutovor may be
othcrwiso said of it. Tho taxation of
tho many for tho benefit of tho pou,
should, nud will, covor tho excesses of
labor in its attempt to rccovor its lights,
with tho mantlo of that "charity which
HiilTuroth long, nnd is kind."
Mattkbo.v.
Oregon 8Uta Oram .
Kdltor Willamette Farmers
The State Grungo will meet on the
25th iust. ut Grange hall in Salem.
Daniel Flint and wife will attend the
session as dologatcs from the State
Grungo of California, Arrangoments
havo been mude for tho accomodation
of the momborsof the order at tho Clio
mekota hotel, also for roduced rates on
thoO.A. C. It. It. It. P. Boise,
Mas tor.
Bluo vitriol, sulphur and othor staples
imnnrteil ilirnnt liv Hin Tnrt flnicr ?!n
ami sold ut cloeo figures.
7 6